Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.34104/ejmhs.023.02040217
Risk management is a critical aspect of medical device maintenance workshops, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of medical equipment. This paper examines the significance of incorporating effective risk management strategies in medical device maintenance workshops to minimize potential risks and harm to patients and healthcare workers. The study highlights the importance of understanding regulations, adopting best practices, and providing continuous training to effectively manage risks. By incorporating risk management into the business strategy and involving all members of the organization, potential hazards can be identified and mitigated through appropriate controls. The research objectives include identifying potential risks, developing effective risk management strategies, evaluating current practices, assessing the impact on patient outcomes and healthcare costs, and contributing to the existing body of knowledge on medical device safety and maintenance. The research methodology employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing questionnaires as a data collection tool from specialists and technicians working in medical device maintenance workshops. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive risk management practices to ensure patient safety, improve equipment functionality, and comply with regulatory requirements. By implementing these strategies, medical device maintenance workshops can protect patients from harm, reduce downtime, and enhance overall healthcare outcomes.
{"title":"Risk Management in Medical Device Maintenance Workshops","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ejmhs.023.02040217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ejmhs.023.02040217","url":null,"abstract":"Risk management is a critical aspect of medical device maintenance workshops, as it plays a crucial role in ensuring the safe and reliable operation of medical equipment. This paper examines the significance of incorporating effective risk management strategies in medical device maintenance workshops to minimize potential risks and harm to patients and healthcare workers. The study highlights the importance of understanding regulations, adopting best practices, and providing continuous training to effectively manage risks. By incorporating risk management into the business strategy and involving all members of the organization, potential hazards can be identified and mitigated through appropriate controls. The research objectives include identifying potential risks, developing effective risk management strategies, evaluating current practices, assessing the impact on patient outcomes and healthcare costs, and contributing to the existing body of knowledge on medical device safety and maintenance. The research methodology employed a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing questionnaires as a data collection tool from specialists and technicians working in medical device maintenance workshops. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive risk management practices to ensure patient safety, improve equipment functionality, and comply with regulatory requirements. By implementing these strategies, medical device maintenance workshops can protect patients from harm, reduce downtime, and enhance overall healthcare outcomes.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-29DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1927
José Lucas Medeiros Torres, Sonaly de Lima Silva, Maria Alice Araújo de Medeiros, Millena de Souza Alves, Márcia Maria de Siqueira Leite Bezerra, Waldo Silva Mariz, Elaine Bezerra de Oliveira, Emanoel Vitor Alves da Silva, Gyselle Tenório Guênes, Gymenna Maria Tenório Guênes, L. A. D. M. Medeiros, M. V. Fook, W. J. B. Sousa, A. A. O. Oliveira Filho
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of chitosan-based scaffolds associated with the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. against a strain of Escherichia coli. The antibacterial potential was assessed by reading the inhibition halos formed around the chitosan-based scaffolds incorporated with thyme EO, oregano EO and thyme and oregano EO against the Escherichia coli strain, using the Mueller Hinton agar diffusion methodology per well. To do this, Mueller Hinton Agar was used as the culture medium in Petri dishes, and holes 6 mm in diameter were formed using a mold to create the wells. The plates were inoculated with the microorganism using a swab, then incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37 °C for 24 hours. Scaffolds, in the form of disks, were aseptically deposited in the wells of the inoculated media, which were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. After incubation, the plates were observed for homogeneity of bacterial growth and the diameter of the inhibitory halo was measured using a millimeter ruler in cases where inhibition of bacterial growth was verified. The tests were carried out in duplicate and the results correspond to the average values. The association of chitosan with Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. EOs was found to have antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli strain. For the scaffolds incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. EO, Thymus vulgaris L. EO and associated Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. EOs, 16 mm inhibition halos were formed against the Escherichia coli strain. The association of chitosan with the EOs of Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. has antibacterial activity, acting as a bactericide against the Escherichia coli strain tested.
{"title":"Antibacterial Potential of Chitosan Scaffolds Incorporated with Oregano and Thyme Essential Oils against Escherichia coli","authors":"José Lucas Medeiros Torres, Sonaly de Lima Silva, Maria Alice Araújo de Medeiros, Millena de Souza Alves, Márcia Maria de Siqueira Leite Bezerra, Waldo Silva Mariz, Elaine Bezerra de Oliveira, Emanoel Vitor Alves da Silva, Gyselle Tenório Guênes, Gymenna Maria Tenório Guênes, L. A. D. M. Medeiros, M. V. Fook, W. J. B. Sousa, A. A. O. Oliveira Filho","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1927","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of chitosan-based scaffolds associated with the essential oils of Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. against a strain of Escherichia coli. The antibacterial potential was assessed by reading the inhibition halos formed around the chitosan-based scaffolds incorporated with thyme EO, oregano EO and thyme and oregano EO against the Escherichia coli strain, using the Mueller Hinton agar diffusion methodology per well. To do this, Mueller Hinton Agar was used as the culture medium in Petri dishes, and holes 6 mm in diameter were formed using a mold to create the wells. The plates were inoculated with the microorganism using a swab, then incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37 °C for 24 hours. Scaffolds, in the form of disks, were aseptically deposited in the wells of the inoculated media, which were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. After incubation, the plates were observed for homogeneity of bacterial growth and the diameter of the inhibitory halo was measured using a millimeter ruler in cases where inhibition of bacterial growth was verified. The tests were carried out in duplicate and the results correspond to the average values. The association of chitosan with Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. EOs was found to have antibacterial activity against the Escherichia coli strain. For the scaffolds incorporated with Origanum vulgare L. EO, Thymus vulgaris L. EO and associated Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. EOs, 16 mm inhibition halos were formed against the Escherichia coli strain. The association of chitosan with the EOs of Origanum vulgare L. and Thymus vulgaris L. has antibacterial activity, acting as a bactericide against the Escherichia coli strain tested.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139211884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1673
C. Ekwunife, S. Enendu, Charles Nnamdi Ngaikedi, Okechukwu Nwabugo Duru, Victor Ugo, C. Ekperechukwu
Introduction: Hernia is a very common condition in all populations, and its surgical operation constitutes a major workload for physicians worldwide. Although great numbers of these procedures are done in primary and secondary care settings as well as in private hospitals and as part of surgical missions to rural areas, a significant proportion is still present in tertiary centers. Aim: To review the pattern of external hernias operated upon in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, over a 10-year period. Methods: The theatre records were searched for all patients who underwent surgical operations for hernia in the period of 2005–2014. The data on patient demographics, indication for surgery, and procedure performed were retrieved. Results: A total of 902 patients underwent operations for different types of external hernias. The overall male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Operations for inguinal hernia were the most common, accounting for 72.9% (658) of the total. Ventral hernias constituted 25.1% (n=227) of the cases whereas 1.5% (n = 12) of patients had femoral hernia. One hundred and twelve patients (12.4%) had emergency surgery, of which 78 were for inguinal hernia. Mesh repair was started in 2009 and was utilized in 72 (8%) cases. Laparoscopic method of repair was used in only two patients. Conclusion: The pattern of operation for hernia in our center mirrors the experience in other local centers. Modern methods of repair are gaining ground.
{"title":"Frequency of Abdominal Wall Hernias: A Nigerian Hospital Experience","authors":"C. Ekwunife, S. Enendu, Charles Nnamdi Ngaikedi, Okechukwu Nwabugo Duru, Victor Ugo, C. Ekperechukwu","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1673","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hernia is a very common condition in all populations, and its surgical operation constitutes a major workload for physicians worldwide. Although great numbers of these procedures are done in primary and secondary care settings as well as in private hospitals and as part of surgical missions to rural areas, a significant proportion is still present in tertiary centers. Aim: To review the pattern of external hernias operated upon in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, over a 10-year period. Methods: The theatre records were searched for all patients who underwent surgical operations for hernia in the period of 2005–2014. The data on patient demographics, indication for surgery, and procedure performed were retrieved. Results: A total of 902 patients underwent operations for different types of external hernias. The overall male/female ratio was 2.6:1. Operations for inguinal hernia were the most common, accounting for 72.9% (658) of the total. Ventral hernias constituted 25.1% (n=227) of the cases whereas 1.5% (n = 12) of patients had femoral hernia. One hundred and twelve patients (12.4%) had emergency surgery, of which 78 were for inguinal hernia. Mesh repair was started in 2009 and was utilized in 72 (8%) cases. Laparoscopic method of repair was used in only two patients. Conclusion: The pattern of operation for hernia in our center mirrors the experience in other local centers. Modern methods of repair are gaining ground.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"46 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.34104/ejmhs.023.01940203
Although there are several accessible healthcare services in hospitals and other designated healthcare facilities, there are studies that reveal mothers’ little or lack of utilization of the services to the full potential of the facilities. For instance, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are offered in many health facilities in the district of Baidoa in order to improve the healthcare of the mother and her baby, but mothers’ use of the services is assumed to be low, particularly after the first visit or two visits. Considering that assumption, this study attempts to explore how mothers access their ANC and PNC services; whether they complete the required visits, and reasons related to the completion or incompletion of the recommended visits. The study focuses on mothers registered for their ANC and PNC services at Darussalam Mother Child Health (MCH) Center in Baidoa, Southwest state of Somalia. A close-ended survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 50 mothers accessing ANC and PNC services at Darussalam MCH in Baidoa city. Where further explanation was needed, an open-ended question was asked for the participants to express their opinion and personal experiences. The results reveal that 64% of surveyed mothers were attending ANC services while 36% were visiting the health facility to receive PNC services. More than 56% were unemployed, 30% self-employed, and 14% were employed by the administration of the government of the Southwest State. Unlike other studies that demonstrate mothers’ low attendance and missing of scheduled appointments for their ANC and PNC visits, the current study reveals that a majority of 82% were visiting the MCH on schedule, expressing various reasons leading to their promptness. Despite most of the available literature supporting low-income mothers in underdeveloped countries’ low accessibility to health services such as ANC and PNC, this study provides a gleam of hope in that many women are attending their ANC and PNC appointments in order to realize the benefits of the services for themselves and their baby.
{"title":"Mothers’ Accessibility to ANC, and PNC Services: A Case Study in Baidoa, Southwest State of Somalia","authors":"","doi":"10.34104/ejmhs.023.01940203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34104/ejmhs.023.01940203","url":null,"abstract":"Although there are several accessible healthcare services in hospitals and other designated healthcare facilities, there are studies that reveal mothers’ little or lack of utilization of the services to the full potential of the facilities. For instance, antenatal care (ANC) and postnatal care (PNC) services are offered in many health facilities in the district of Baidoa in order to improve the healthcare of the mother and her baby, but mothers’ use of the services is assumed to be low, particularly after the first visit or two visits. Considering that assumption, this study attempts to explore how mothers access their ANC and PNC services; whether they complete the required visits, and reasons related to the completion or incompletion of the recommended visits. The study focuses on mothers registered for their ANC and PNC services at Darussalam Mother Child Health (MCH) Center in Baidoa, Southwest state of Somalia. A close-ended survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 50 mothers accessing ANC and PNC services at Darussalam MCH in Baidoa city. Where further explanation was needed, an open-ended question was asked for the participants to express their opinion and personal experiences. The results reveal that 64% of surveyed mothers were attending ANC services while 36% were visiting the health facility to receive PNC services. More than 56% were unemployed, 30% self-employed, and 14% were employed by the administration of the government of the Southwest State. Unlike other studies that demonstrate mothers’ low attendance and missing of scheduled appointments for their ANC and PNC visits, the current study reveals that a majority of 82% were visiting the MCH on schedule, expressing various reasons leading to their promptness. Despite most of the available literature supporting low-income mothers in underdeveloped countries’ low accessibility to health services such as ANC and PNC, this study provides a gleam of hope in that many women are attending their ANC and PNC appointments in order to realize the benefits of the services for themselves and their baby.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139244255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1898
H. Kolade-Yunusa, Abdul Jimoh Salaam, S. Danjem, Raji Muhammed Modibbo
Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long period of time in investigating the breast for pathologies. Its use in imaging the breast can be for the purpose of screening and diagnosis. Breast screening allows for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection of breast can save lives. Despite its important imaging modality for breast, mammography is not readily available in this part of the world. Our institution just acquired one recently. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of our study is to document the pattern of mammographic findings and to determine the prevalence of breast pathologies (benign and malignant) among symptomatic patients referred for mammography. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises 121 symptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January 2016 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using an EXR-650 mammographic machine. Some of the patients had complimentary ultrasound scans. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.23± 8.25 with an age range of 32–77 years. The majority of the patients were in the age group 40–49 years. Most women in the study were premenopausal and the majority had no family history of breast cancer. Breast pain was the most common symptom patients presented with. Heterogenous fibro glandular tissue accounted for the majority of mammographic breast density. Age correlated positively with a pattern of breast density among the study population. Abnormal mammographic findings were seen in 67 (55.4%) patients among which benign mass was the most prevalent. Among patients who presented with breast pain majority had normal mammographic findings while for those with breast lump, benign breast mass accounted for 35.7% representing the majority and malignant mass accounted for 19.1%. The relationship between mammographic outcome and indication was statistically significant P = 0.0001. Conclusion: Mammography plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the breast in patients who presented with symptoms as it can differentiate benign and malignant lesions of the breast. In this study, the use of mammography reveals various pathologies in which benign breast mass accounted for the majority of breast pathologies detected.
背景：乳腺 X 射线照相术是检查乳腺病变的一种成像方式，由来已久。乳腺造影可用于筛查和诊断。乳腺筛查可以早期发现乳腺癌。早期发现乳腺癌可以挽救生命。尽管乳腺 X 射线造影术是一种重要的乳腺成像方式，但在世界上的这一地区并不容易获得。我院最近刚刚购置了一台。研究目的因此，我们研究的目的是记录乳房 X 光检查结果的模式，并确定转诊至乳房 X 光检查的无症状患者中乳房病变（良性和恶性）的发生率。研究方法：这项描述性横断面研究包括2016年1月至2018年12月期间到阿布贾大学教学医院放射科（Gwagwalada）接受乳腺X光检查的121名无症状女性。使用 EXR-650 型乳腺X光机获得了乳房的两个基本切面（颅尾切面和内外侧切面）。部分患者还接受了免费的超声波扫描。研究结果研究对象的平均年龄为（47.23± 8.25）岁，年龄范围为 32-77 岁。大多数患者年龄在 40-49 岁之间。研究中的大多数女性处于绝经前，且大多数没有乳腺癌家族史。乳房疼痛是患者最常见的症状。异质纤维腺体组织占乳腺X光片乳腺密度的大多数。研究对象的年龄与乳腺密度呈正相关。67名（55.4%）患者的乳房X光检查结果异常，其中良性肿块最为常见。在乳房疼痛的患者中，大多数人的乳房X光检查结果正常，而在有乳房肿块的患者中，良性乳房肿块占 35.7%，恶性肿块占 19.1%。乳腺造影结果与适应症之间的关系具有统计学意义 P = 0.0001。结论乳腺 X 射线照相术能区分乳腺良性和恶性病变，因此在对有症状的患者进行乳腺评估时发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，乳腺 X 射线照相术可发现各种病变，其中良性乳腺肿块占乳腺病变的大多数。
{"title":"An Audit of Diagnostic Mammography Examination among Women Presenting with Breast Symptoms","authors":"H. Kolade-Yunusa, Abdul Jimoh Salaam, S. Danjem, Raji Muhammed Modibbo","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1898","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mammography is one of the imaging modalities that has been in existence for a long period of time in investigating the breast for pathologies. Its use in imaging the breast can be for the purpose of screening and diagnosis. Breast screening allows for early detection of breast cancer. Early detection of breast can save lives. Despite its important imaging modality for breast, mammography is not readily available in this part of the world. Our institution just acquired one recently. Objectives: Therefore, the aim of our study is to document the pattern of mammographic findings and to determine the prevalence of breast pathologies (benign and malignant) among symptomatic patients referred for mammography. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study comprises 121 symptomatic women who presented for mammographic examination at the Radiology Department of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada from January 2016 to December 2018. Two basic views (craniocaudal and mediolateral views) of the breast were obtained using an EXR-650 mammographic machine. Some of the patients had complimentary ultrasound scans. Results: The mean age of the study population was 47.23± 8.25 with an age range of 32–77 years. The majority of the patients were in the age group 40–49 years. Most women in the study were premenopausal and the majority had no family history of breast cancer. Breast pain was the most common symptom patients presented with. Heterogenous fibro glandular tissue accounted for the majority of mammographic breast density. Age correlated positively with a pattern of breast density among the study population. Abnormal mammographic findings were seen in 67 (55.4%) patients among which benign mass was the most prevalent. Among patients who presented with breast pain majority had normal mammographic findings while for those with breast lump, benign breast mass accounted for 35.7% representing the majority and malignant mass accounted for 19.1%. The relationship between mammographic outcome and indication was statistically significant P = 0.0001. Conclusion: Mammography plays a pivotal role in the evaluation of the breast in patients who presented with symptoms as it can differentiate benign and malignant lesions of the breast. In this study, the use of mammography reveals various pathologies in which benign breast mass accounted for the majority of breast pathologies detected.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1945
M. O. Uwandu, A. Okwuraiwe, F. A. Ige, Florence Okhiku, Oluwasegun Babaleye, C. Onwuamah, R. Audu
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health challenge. More than 350,000,000 people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Hepatitis B core ImmunoglobinM(HBc IgM) is an important marker used to classify whether an existing HBV is a new infection or an existing one, differentiating acute from chronic HBV infection. When an individual is HBc IgM positive, it shows a new infection, while negative IgM indicates a previous infection. The study aimed to determine the trend of acute HBV infections among hepatitis B-positive patients in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria, over a four-year period. Patients accessing HBc IgM tests at a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Five (5) ml of blood samples were collected in K+EDTA vacutainers and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. Plasma (2 ml) was collected in plain tubes, and HBc IgM assay was performed using DIA-Pro (BIORAD) kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The study period was from January 2014 to December 2017. The total number of patients who accessed this assay within the study period was 1,422. The male population was 896 (61.1%). Total HBc IgM positive and HBc IgM negative results were 197 (13.8%) and 1,225 (86.1%) respectively, and there was 1 (0.07%) equivocal. Rates of HBc IgM positivity, indicating acute infection, were 12.9%, 13.0%, 11.9%, and 15.1% in the years 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 respectively. The rate of acute HBV infection increased from 12.9% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2017, indicating likely new infection transmission ongoing in communities. These high and increasing rates require the sustenance of public health interventions.
{"title":"A Four-Year Trend of Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection at a Tertiary Health Facility in Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"M. O. Uwandu, A. Okwuraiwe, F. A. Ige, Florence Okhiku, Oluwasegun Babaleye, C. Onwuamah, R. Audu","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1945","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important public health challenge. More than 350,000,000 people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Hepatitis B core ImmunoglobinM(HBc IgM) is an important marker used to classify whether an existing HBV is a new infection or an existing one, differentiating acute from chronic HBV infection. When an individual is HBc IgM positive, it shows a new infection, while negative IgM indicates a previous infection. The study aimed to determine the trend of acute HBV infections among hepatitis B-positive patients in a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria, over a four-year period. Patients accessing HBc IgM tests at a tertiary health facility in Lagos, Nigeria. Five (5) ml of blood samples were collected in K+EDTA vacutainers and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 minutes. Plasma (2 ml) was collected in plain tubes, and HBc IgM assay was performed using DIA-Pro (BIORAD) kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The study period was from January 2014 to December 2017. The total number of patients who accessed this assay within the study period was 1,422. The male population was 896 (61.1%). Total HBc IgM positive and HBc IgM negative results were 197 (13.8%) and 1,225 (86.1%) respectively, and there was 1 (0.07%) equivocal. Rates of HBc IgM positivity, indicating acute infection, were 12.9%, 13.0%, 11.9%, and 15.1% in the years 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 respectively. The rate of acute HBV infection increased from 12.9% in 2014 to 15.1% in 2017, indicating likely new infection transmission ongoing in communities. These high and increasing rates require the sustenance of public health interventions.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"69 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1920
George Ikpe, Christian Omeke, Chukwuebuka Ugwu, Onuka Okorie, Austin Ihesie, Israel Poopola
Disseminated Tuberculosis, quite common in immunocompromised patients is uncommon in the immune-competent and at times mistaken for severe immunosuppression or intra-abdominal malignancy. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required even in the immune-competent to make a diagnosis. We present a case of disseminated Tuberculosis in an immunocompetent individual.
{"title":"Disseminated Multisystemic Tuberculosis in an HIV Negative Patient: A Case Report","authors":"George Ikpe, Christian Omeke, Chukwuebuka Ugwu, Onuka Okorie, Austin Ihesie, Israel Poopola","doi":"10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.6.1920","url":null,"abstract":"Disseminated Tuberculosis, quite common in immunocompromised patients is uncommon in the immune-competent and at times mistaken for severe immunosuppression or intra-abdominal malignancy. Therefore, a high index of suspicion is required even in the immune-competent to make a diagnosis. We present a case of disseminated Tuberculosis in an immunocompetent individual.","PeriodicalId":508733,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.3.1460
Anak Agung Putra Wiradnyana, Anak Agung Ngurah Jaya Kusuma, A. Anantasika, I. M. Darmayasa, R. Mulyana, Gde Bagus Rizky Kornia
This study aims to prove a high apoptotic index in the amniotic membrane as a risk factor for preterm Labor. Case-control study, comparing preterm and term groups (n=54) who underwent labor in Obstetrics Emergency Room, Sanglah Central General Hospital Denpasar, Bali. Apoptotic index is a method of identifying and assessing the quantity of tissue undergoing apoptosis, which in this study was the amniotic membrane tissue, calculated and stained using the TUNEL method. Data collected was subjected to further statistical tests. Normality test with Shapiro Wilk test, followed by parametric independent T-test and Mann Whitney test was performed. Cut off apoptotic index was determined using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square test and calculation of odds ratio was performed to assess the high apoptotic index to the risk of preterm Labor. Statistical significance was obtained with p value <0.05. Based on the cut-off value of ROC, the apoptotic index was classified into high (≥37.5%) and low (<37.5%) apoptotic index. A high apoptotic index is a risk factor for preterm Labor and increases the risk 6 times greater than the group with a low apoptotic index (p=0.003; OR 5.714; 95% CI 1.764–18.507). High apoptotic index in the amniotic membranes of pregnant women is a risk factor for preterm Labor.
本研究旨在证明羊膜凋亡指数高是早产的一个风险因素。该病例对照研究比较了巴厘岛登巴萨桑拉中央综合医院产科急诊室的早产组和足月组（54 人）。凋亡指数是一种识别和评估发生凋亡的组织数量的方法，在本研究中，凋亡指数是指羊膜组织，使用 TUNEL 方法计算和染色。收集的数据还需进行进一步的统计检验。用 Shapiro Wilk 检验进行正态性检验，然后进行参数独立 T 检验和 Mann Whitney 检验。使用接收者操作特征曲线（ROC）确定凋亡指数的临界值。使用卡方检验进行双变量分析并计算几率比，以评估高凋亡指数对早产风险的影响。统计意义以 P 值小于 0.05 为准。根据 ROC 的临界值，凋亡指数被分为高（≥37.5%）和低（<37.5%）凋亡指数。高凋亡指数是早产的风险因素，其风险是低凋亡指数组的 6 倍（P=0.003；OR 5.714；95% CI 1.764-18.507）。孕妇羊膜凋亡指数高是早产的一个危险因素。
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