Pipes from industrial process flow diagrams have a predictable risk of failure or damage, so that periodic inspections are carried out. Corrosion that occurs in the pipe can cause a risk of leakage or blockage of the pipe flow which can be fatal to the fluid distribution process. This damage can be anticipated by inhibitors adding and predicting the corrosion rate. This research was conducted to determine the effective concentration of Na2CrO4 inhibitor to inhibit the corrosion rate and predict the lifetime of the furnace cooling water circulation pipe using the weight loss method. Na2CrO4 inhibitor is a type of anodic inhibitor that works by passively the anode by inhibiting corrosion on a whole metal surface. The study begins with the preparation stage, cutting the pipe into specimens of a certain size, smoothing the surface and weighing the initial weight. The testing phase was carried out by immersing the specimens at various times of 120 h, 240 h and 360 h with Na2CrO4 inhibitor variations concentration was 0%; 0,3%; 0,6%; and 0,9%. The corrosion rate was calculated by re-weighing the specimen after the immersion process. The results showed that the most effective inhibitor concentration was 0.6% with a corrosion rate of 0.3021 mmpy and the Remaining Service Lifetime (RSL) was 9.399 years.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Na2CrO4 to Inhibit Corrosion Rate of a A106 Grade Pipe in the Furnace Circulating Cooling Water with the Weight Loss Method on Pipe Lifetime Determining","authors":"Ika Fitriani J Palupi, Ainun Ma'wa","doi":"10.4028/p-l7b0f7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-l7b0f7","url":null,"abstract":"Pipes from industrial process flow diagrams have a predictable risk of failure or damage, so that periodic inspections are carried out. Corrosion that occurs in the pipe can cause a risk of leakage or blockage of the pipe flow which can be fatal to the fluid distribution process. This damage can be anticipated by inhibitors adding and predicting the corrosion rate. This research was conducted to determine the effective concentration of Na2CrO4 inhibitor to inhibit the corrosion rate and predict the lifetime of the furnace cooling water circulation pipe using the weight loss method. Na2CrO4 inhibitor is a type of anodic inhibitor that works by passively the anode by inhibiting corrosion on a whole metal surface. The study begins with the preparation stage, cutting the pipe into specimens of a certain size, smoothing the surface and weighing the initial weight. The testing phase was carried out by immersing the specimens at various times of 120 h, 240 h and 360 h with Na2CrO4 inhibitor variations concentration was 0%; 0,3%; 0,6%; and 0,9%. The corrosion rate was calculated by re-weighing the specimen after the immersion process. The results showed that the most effective inhibitor concentration was 0.6% with a corrosion rate of 0.3021 mmpy and the Remaining Service Lifetime (RSL) was 9.399 years.","PeriodicalId":508865,"journal":{"name":"Defect and Diffusion Forum","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139800475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metal is widely used in various industrial fields such as transportation because of its physical and mechanical strength. However, during its utilization, metal materials are often damaged by corrosion due to chemical reactions between the metal surface and the surrounding environment. Coating is one way to prevent corrosion by isolating metal surfaces from the environment. Conventional anti-corrosion coatings generally use chromate and phosphate-based materials. However, this material has been banned in some countries because it is toxic to the environment. Meanwhile, other methods with the addition of more active metals such as magnesium are considered unaffordable. Therefore, the researchers developed alternative materials that are environmentally friendly and reduce costs by using metal oxide-based materials such as Silicon dioxide (SiO2). The advantage of SiO2 is that it is chemically stable and harmless. SiO2 modification produces hydrophobic properties which increase corrosion resistance. One of the methods to make SiO2 is sol-gel method. The advantages of sol-gel method are simple, affordable, capable of forming a film for attaching chemical properties, flexible for incorporation with other compounds and the coating can be applied in several ways, such as dip coating, spray coating, electrophoretic deposition (EPD), etc. As an anti-corrosion coating, products can be tested for their resistance by analyzing the corrosion rate. This paper reviews silica-based metal coatings as anti-corrosion. The scope of the discussion in this paper is the mechanism, fabrication route, application technique, characterization, and analysis of anti-corrosion ability by studying the corrosion rate of anti-corrosion silica-based coating products for metal substrates.
{"title":"Metal Coatings Derived from Modified Silica as Anti-Corrosion","authors":"S. Silviana, Candra Lukmilayani","doi":"10.4028/p-tx0n1p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-tx0n1p","url":null,"abstract":"Metal is widely used in various industrial fields such as transportation because of its physical and mechanical strength. However, during its utilization, metal materials are often damaged by corrosion due to chemical reactions between the metal surface and the surrounding environment. Coating is one way to prevent corrosion by isolating metal surfaces from the environment. Conventional anti-corrosion coatings generally use chromate and phosphate-based materials. However, this material has been banned in some countries because it is toxic to the environment. Meanwhile, other methods with the addition of more active metals such as magnesium are considered unaffordable. Therefore, the researchers developed alternative materials that are environmentally friendly and reduce costs by using metal oxide-based materials such as Silicon dioxide (SiO2). The advantage of SiO2 is that it is chemically stable and harmless. SiO2 modification produces hydrophobic properties which increase corrosion resistance. One of the methods to make SiO2 is sol-gel method. The advantages of sol-gel method are simple, affordable, capable of forming a film for attaching chemical properties, flexible for incorporation with other compounds and the coating can be applied in several ways, such as dip coating, spray coating, electrophoretic deposition (EPD), etc. As an anti-corrosion coating, products can be tested for their resistance by analyzing the corrosion rate. This paper reviews silica-based metal coatings as anti-corrosion. The scope of the discussion in this paper is the mechanism, fabrication route, application technique, characterization, and analysis of anti-corrosion ability by studying the corrosion rate of anti-corrosion silica-based coating products for metal substrates.","PeriodicalId":508865,"journal":{"name":"Defect and Diffusion Forum","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The structure and mechanical properties of a multicomponent high-entropy Al4CoCrCuFeNi alloy in the as-cast and melt-quenched states were investigated. The alloy composition was analyzed based on the literature criteria for predicting the phase formation in high-entropy alloys, which considered the entropy and enthalpy of mixing, valence electron concentration as well as the atomic size difference of the components. The alloy films were synthesized by quenching from the melt using a splat-quenching technique. The cooling rate of the films was estimated to be ~ 106 K/s based on the film thickness. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both as-cast and melt-quenched Al4CoCrCuFeNi alloy samples had an ordered B2 phase in their structure. The microhardness of the as-cast alloy was 6500 MPa, while the microhardness of the melt-quenched film was significantly higher and reached 9400 MPa.
{"title":"Structure and Properties of Melt-Quenched Al4CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy","authors":"O. Kushnerov, V. F. Bashev, S. I. Ryabtsev","doi":"10.4028/p-4gvjbc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-4gvjbc","url":null,"abstract":"The structure and mechanical properties of a multicomponent high-entropy Al4CoCrCuFeNi alloy in the as-cast and melt-quenched states were investigated. The alloy composition was analyzed based on the literature criteria for predicting the phase formation in high-entropy alloys, which considered the entropy and enthalpy of mixing, valence electron concentration as well as the atomic size difference of the components. The alloy films were synthesized by quenching from the melt using a splat-quenching technique. The cooling rate of the films was estimated to be ~ 106 K/s based on the film thickness. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both as-cast and melt-quenched Al4CoCrCuFeNi alloy samples had an ordered B2 phase in their structure. The microhardness of the as-cast alloy was 6500 MPa, while the microhardness of the melt-quenched film was significantly higher and reached 9400 MPa.","PeriodicalId":508865,"journal":{"name":"Defect and Diffusion Forum","volume":"434 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139860721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuriy Plevachuk, L. Romaka, I. Janotová, P. Svec, D. Janičkovič, R. Novakovic, V. Poverzhuk
According to the well-known concept of multicomponent high-entropy alloys, high entropy of mixing can stabilize the formation of solid solutions (simple bcc or fcc crystal structure) during solidification. Stabilization of the solid solution and prevention of the formation of intermetallic phases during solidification is provided by the high entropy of mixing in the solid and liquid states. High-entropy alloys have increased strength, high hardness, thermal stability in combination with good resistance to oxidation and corrosion. These properties allow to significantly expand the scope of these alloys. In this work, the electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and surface tension of binary Cu–Sn, Cu–Ga and Cu–Bi alloys, which are the sub-system components of model low-temperature high-entropy Bi–Cu–Ga–Pb–Sn alloys, have been studied in a wide temperature range including solid and liquid states. The lack of the surface tension data of the above-mentioned alloys is compensated by the model predicted values.
{"title":"Thermophysical Properties of Cu-Based Subsystems of High-Entropy Alloys","authors":"Yuriy Plevachuk, L. Romaka, I. Janotová, P. Svec, D. Janičkovič, R. Novakovic, V. Poverzhuk","doi":"10.4028/p-gl7mcs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-gl7mcs","url":null,"abstract":"According to the well-known concept of multicomponent high-entropy alloys, high entropy of mixing can stabilize the formation of solid solutions (simple bcc or fcc crystal structure) during solidification. Stabilization of the solid solution and prevention of the formation of intermetallic phases during solidification is provided by the high entropy of mixing in the solid and liquid states. High-entropy alloys have increased strength, high hardness, thermal stability in combination with good resistance to oxidation and corrosion. These properties allow to significantly expand the scope of these alloys. In this work, the electrical resistivity, thermoelectric power and surface tension of binary Cu–Sn, Cu–Ga and Cu–Bi alloys, which are the sub-system components of model low-temperature high-entropy Bi–Cu–Ga–Pb–Sn alloys, have been studied in a wide temperature range including solid and liquid states. The lack of the surface tension data of the above-mentioned alloys is compensated by the model predicted values.","PeriodicalId":508865,"journal":{"name":"Defect and Diffusion Forum","volume":"12 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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