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Visualizing Topics and Opinions Helps Students Interpret Large Collections of Peer Feedback for Creative Projects 可视化的主题和观点帮助学生解释大量的同伴反馈的创意项目
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1145/3571817
P. Crain, Jaewook Lee, Yu-Chun Yen, Joy Kim, Alyssa Aiello, B. Bailey
We deployed a feedback visualization tool to learn how students used the tool for interpreting feedback from peers and teaching assistants. The tool visualizes the topic and opinion structure in a collection of feedback and provides interaction for reviewing providers’ backgrounds. A total of 18 teams engaged with the tool to interpret feedback for course projects. We surveyed students (N = 69) to learn about their sensemaking goals, use of the tool to accomplish those goals, and perceptions of specific features. We interviewed students (N = 12) and TAs (N = 2) to assess the tool’s impact on students’ review processes and course instruction. Students discovered valuable feedback, assessed project quality, and justified design decisions to teammates by exploring specific icon patterns in the visualization. The interviews revealed that students mimicked strategies implemented in the tool when reviewing new feedback without the tool. Students found the benefits of the visualization outweighed the cost of labeling feedback.
我们部署了一个反馈可视化工具,以了解学生如何使用该工具来解释来自同伴和助教的反馈。该工具在一组反馈中可视化主题和意见结构,并为审查提供者的背景提供交互。总共有18个团队使用该工具来解释课程项目的反馈。我们调查了学生(N = 69),了解他们的语义目标,使用工具来实现这些目标,以及对特定特征的感知。我们采访了学生(N = 12)和助教(N = 2),以评估该工具对学生复习过程和课程教学的影响。学生们发现了有价值的反馈,评估了项目质量,并通过探索可视化中的特定图标模式向队友证明了设计决策的合理性。访谈显示,学生在没有工具的情况下回顾新的反馈时,会模仿工具中实施的策略。学生们发现可视化的好处超过了标注反馈的成本。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Context on Smartphone Users’ Typing Performance in the Wild 语境对智能手机用户野外打字表现的影响
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1145/3577013
Elgin Akpinar, Y. Yeşilada, Pinar Karagöz
Smartphones play a crucial role in daily activities, however, situationally-induced impairments and disabilities (SIIDs) can easily be experienced depending on the context. Previous studies explored the effect of context but mainly done in controlled environments with limited research done in the wild. In this article, we present an in-situ remote user study with 48 participants’ keyboard interaction on smartphones including the performance and context details. We first propose an automated approach for error detection by combining approaches introduced in the literature and with a follow-up study, show that the accuracy of error detection is improved. We then investigate the effect of context on the typing performance based on five dimensions: environment, mobility, social, multitasking, and distraction, and reveal that the context affects participants’ error rate significantly but with individual differences. Our main contribution is providing empirical evidence with an in-situ study showing the effect of context on error rate.
智能手机在日常活动中发挥着至关重要的作用,然而,根据具体情况,很容易体验到情境诱发的障碍和残疾。先前的研究探讨了环境的影响,但主要在受控环境中进行,在野外进行的研究有限。在本文中,我们对48名参与者在智能手机上的键盘交互进行了现场远程用户研究,包括性能和上下文细节。我们首先提出了一种自动的错误检测方法,将文献中介绍的方法与后续研究相结合,表明错误检测的准确性得到了提高。然后,我们从环境、流动性、社交、多任务处理和分心五个维度研究了上下文对打字表现的影响,并发现上下文对参与者的错误率有显著影响,但存在个体差异。我们的主要贡献是通过现场研究提供经验证据,显示上下文对错误率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Me, My Health, and My Watch: How Children with ADHD Understand Smartwatch Health Data 我、我的健康和我的手表:多动症儿童如何理解智能手表健康数据
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.1145/3577008
Elizabeth A. Ankrah, Franceli Linney Cibrian, Lucas M. Silva, Arya Tavakoulnia, J. A. Beltran, S. Schuck, Kimberley D. Lakes, Gillian R. Hayes
Children with ADHD can experience a wide variety of challenges related to self-regulation, which can lead to poor educational, health, and wellness outcomes. Technological interventions, such as mobile and wearable health systems, can support data collection and reflection about health status. However, little is known about how ADHD children interpret such data. We conducted a deployment study with 10 children, aged 10 to 15, for six weeks, during which they used a smartwatch in their homes. Results from observations and interviews during this study indicate that children with ADHD can interpret their own health data, particularly at the moment. However, as ADHD children develop more autonomy, smartwatch systems may require alternatives for data reflection that are interpretable and actionable for them. This work contributes to the scholarly discourse around health data visualization, particularly in considering implications for the design of health technologies for children with ADHD.
患有多动症的儿童可能会经历各种各样与自我调节有关的挑战,这可能导致不良的教育、健康和健康结果。技术干预措施,如移动和可穿戴卫生系统,可支持健康状况的数据收集和反映。然而,人们对多动症儿童如何解释这些数据知之甚少。我们对10个10到15岁的孩子进行了一项为期六周的部署研究,在此期间,他们在家中使用智能手表。本研究期间的观察和访谈结果表明,患有多动症的儿童可以解释自己的健康数据,特别是在当下。然而,随着多动症儿童发展出更多的自主性,智能手表系统可能需要为他们提供可解释和可操作的数据反映替代方案。这项工作有助于围绕健康数据可视化的学术论述,特别是在考虑ADHD儿童健康技术设计的影响方面。
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引用次数: 6
Seeing Through Things: Exploring the Design Space of Privacy-aware Data-enabled Objects 透视事物:探索具有隐私意识的数据启用对象的设计空间
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1145/3577012
Yu-Ting Cheng, M. Funk, Rung-Huei Liang, Lin-Lin Chen
Increasing amounts of sensor-augmented research objects have been used in design research. We call these objects Data-Enabled Objects, which can be integrated into daily activities capturing data about people’s detailed whereabouts, behaviours, and routines. These objects provide data perspectives on everyday life for contextual design research. However, data-enabled objects are still computational devices with limited privacy awareness and nuanced data sharing. To better design data-enabled objects, we explore privacy design spaces by inviting 18 teams of undergraduate design students to re-design the same type of sensor-enabled home research camera. We developed the Connected Peekaboo Toolkit (CPT) to support the design teams in designing, building, and directly deploying their prototypes in real home studies. We conducted Thematic Analysis to analyze their outcomes which led us to interpret that privacy is not just an obstacle but can be a driver by unfolding an exploration of possible design spaces for data-enabled objects.
越来越多的传感器增强研究对象已被用于设计研究。我们将这些对象称为数据启用对象,它可以集成到日常活动中,捕获有关人们详细行踪、行为和日常生活的数据。这些对象为情境设计研究提供了日常生活的数据视角。然而,启用数据的对象仍然是具有有限隐私意识和细微数据共享的计算设备。为了更好地设计数据驱动的物体,我们邀请了18个本科生设计团队来重新设计相同类型的传感器驱动的家庭研究相机,从而探索隐私设计空间。我们开发了Connected Peekaboo Toolkit(CPT),以支持设计团队在实际家庭研究中设计、构建和直接部署他们的原型。我们进行了主题分析来分析他们的结果,这让我们解释说,隐私不仅是一个障碍,而且可以通过探索数据对象的可能设计空间来成为驱动因素。
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引用次数: 0
Crane: An Integrated Computational Design Platform for Functional, Foldable, and Fabricable Origami Products Crane:一个集成的计算设计平台,用于功能性、可折叠和可制造的折纸产品
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1145/3576856
K. Suto, Yuta Noma, Kotaro Tanimichi, Koya Narumi, Tomohiro Tachi
Despite the recent trend of computational origami for human-computer interaction (HCI) and digital fabrication, it is still difficult for designers to complete a series of design, simulation, and fabrication of objects leveraging computational origami theory. In this paper, we propose Crane, an integrated origami design platform implemented with Grasshopper. With this platform, users can seamlessly (1) design the 2D and 3D crease pattern, (2) simulate 3D folding transformation from the given crease pattern, (3) inversely find a new pattern under design constraints, (4) thicken the 2D pattern into a 3D volume along with the appropriate hinge structures for different fabrication methods, and (5) optionally connect the resulting design to other Rhinoceros or Grasshopper plugins for post-processes. To help understand how to use our system and demonstrate its feasibility, we showed three examples of origami products designed using our system. We also reported user feedback from the workshop as an evaluation.
尽管计算折纸在人机交互(HCI)和数字制造方面有着最近的趋势,但设计师仍然很难利用计算折纸理论完成一系列物体的设计、模拟和制造。在本文中,我们提出了Crane,一个用Grasshopper实现的集成折纸设计平台。有了这个平台,用户可以无缝地(1)设计2D和3D折痕图案,(2)从给定的折痕图案模拟3D折叠变换,(3)在设计约束下反向找到新的图案,(4)将2D图案与不同制造方法的适当铰链结构一起加厚为3D体积,以及(5)可选地将得到的设计连接到用于后处理的其他Rhinoceros或Grasshopper插件。为了帮助理解如何使用我们的系统并证明其可行性,我们展示了三个使用我们系统设计的折纸产品的例子。我们还报告了研讨会的用户反馈作为评估。
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引用次数: 1
Global Filter: Augmenting Images to Support Seeing the “Big Picture” for People with Local Interference 全球滤镜:增强图像以支持有局部干扰的人看到“大画面”
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.1145/3571812
Louanne E. Boyd, Jazette Johnson, Franceli Linney Cibrian, Deanna Hughes, Eliza Delpizzo-Cheng, Karen Lotich, Sara A. Jones, Hollis E. Pass, Viseth Sean, Gillian R. Hayes
Some neurodivergent people prioritize visual details over the “big picture”. While excellent attention to detail has many advantages, some contexts require the rapid integration of global and local information. A local processing style can be so strong that local details interfere with the fluid integration of global information required for processing of information rapidly displayed on user interfaces. This disconnect between context of an interaction and processing style can be termed local interference. Personalization of visual stimuli can promote a more accessible computing experience. We describe how technological interventions can support shifting of visual attention from local to global features to make them more accessible. We present two empirical studies. One study with one autistic adult revealed a significant shift in eye gaze fixation, and the other study with 20 autistic children revealed filters that visually emphasize primary aspects encouraged more global comments about the image content.
一些神经发散型的人优先考虑视觉细节而不是“大局”。虽然对细节的高度关注有许多优点,但在某些情况下需要快速整合全球和本地信息。局部处理风格可能非常强大,以至于局部细节会干扰快速显示在用户界面上的信息处理所需的全局信息的流畅集成。这种交互上下文和处理风格之间的脱节可以称为局部干扰。视觉刺激的个性化可以促进更易于访问的计算体验。我们描述了技术干预如何支持视觉注意力从局部特征转移到全局特征,使它们更容易获得。我们提出了两个实证研究。一项针对一名自闭症成年人的研究显示,他们的目光固定发生了重大变化,另一项针对20名自闭症儿童的研究显示,在视觉上强调主要方面的滤镜鼓励了更多关于图像内容的全局评论。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring Participants’ Representations and Shifting Sensitivities in a Hackathon for Dementia 探索参与者在痴呆症黑客马拉松中的表现和情感转变
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1145/3571814
James Hodge, Sarah Foley, Daniel Lambton-Howard, L. Booi, Kyle Montague, Sandra Coulter, David S. Kirk, K. Morrissey
Recent HCI research has addressed emerging approaches for public engagement. One such public-facing method which has gained popularity over the previous decade has been open design events, or hackathons. In this article, we report on DemVR, a hackathon event that invited designers, technologists, and students of these disciplines to design Virtual Reality (VR) environments for people with dementia and their care partners. While our event gained reasonable attraction from designers and developers, this article unpacks the challenges in representing and involving people with dementia in these events, which had multiple knock-on effects on participant's outputs. Our analysis presents insights into participants’ motivations, challenges participants faced when constructing their “absent user”, and the design features teams developed to address the social context of the user. We conclude the article by proposing a set of commitments for collaborative design events, community building through design, and reification in design.
最近的HCI研究探讨了新出现的公众参与方法。在过去的十年里,一种面向公众的方法越来越受欢迎,那就是开放设计活动或黑客马拉松。在这篇文章中,我们报道了DemVR,这是一场黑客马拉松活动,邀请设计师、技术人员和这些学科的学生为痴呆症患者及其护理伙伴设计虚拟现实(VR)环境。虽然我们的活动从设计师和开发人员那里获得了合理的吸引力,但本文揭示了在这些活动中代表和参与痴呆症患者的挑战,这对参与者的产出产生了多重连锁反应。我们的分析深入了解了参与者的动机、参与者在构建“缺席用户”时面临的挑战,以及团队为解决用户的社会背景而开发的设计功能。在文章的最后,我们提出了一系列合作设计活动、通过设计建立社区以及设计中的具体化的承诺。
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引用次数: 0
Holding AI to Account: Challenges for the Delivery of Trustworthy AI in Healthcare 追究人工智能的责任:在医疗保健领域交付值得信赖的人工智能面临的挑战
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-11-29 DOI: 10.1145/3577009
R. Procter, P. Tolmie, M. Rouncefield
The need for AI systems to provide explanations for their behaviour is now widely recognised as key to their adoption. In this article, we examine the problem of trustworthy AI and explore what delivering this means in practice, with a focus on healthcare applications. Work in this area typically treats trustworthy AI as a problem of Human–Computer Interaction involving the individual user and an AI system. However, we argue here that this overlooks the important part played by organisational accountability in how people reason about and trust AI in socio-technical settings. To illustrate the importance of organisational accountability, we present findings from ethnographic studies of breast cancer screening and cancer treatment planning in multidisciplinary team meetings to show how participants made themselves accountable both to each other and to the organisations of which they are members. We use these findings to enrich existing understandings of the requirements for trustworthy AI and to outline some candidate solutions to the problems of making AI accountable both to individual users and organisationally. We conclude by outlining the implications of this for future work on the development of trustworthy AI, including ways in which our proposed solutions may be re-used in different application settings.
人工智能系统为其行为提供解释的必要性现在被广泛认为是采用人工智能的关键。在这篇文章中,我们研究了值得信赖的人工智能的问题,并探讨了在实践中实现这一点意味着什么,重点是医疗保健应用。这一领域的工作通常将值得信赖的人工智能视为涉及个人用户和人工智能系统的人机交互问题。然而,我们在这里认为,这忽略了组织问责制在人们如何在社会技术环境中思考和信任人工智能方面发挥的重要作用。为了说明组织问责制的重要性,我们在多学科团队会议上展示了乳腺癌症筛查和癌症治疗规划的人种学研究结果,以显示参与者如何让自己对彼此和他们所属的组织负责。我们利用这些发现丰富了对值得信赖的人工智能要求的现有理解,并概述了让人工智能对个人用户和组织负责的一些候选解决方案。最后,我们概述了这对未来开发值得信赖的人工智能的影响,包括我们提出的解决方案在不同应用环境中重复使用的方式。
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引用次数: 6
No More “Solutionism” or “Saviourism” in Futuring African HCI: A Manyfesto 未来非洲人力资源管理不再是“解决方案主义”或“救世主主义”
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-11-22 DOI: 10.1145/3571811
M. Adamu
Research in HCI4D has continuously advanced a narrative of “lacks” and “gaps” of the African perspective in technoscience. In response to such misguided assumptions, this article attempts to reformulate the common and perhaps unfortunate thinking about African practices of design in HCI4D – i.e., largely as a function of African societal predicaments and Western technocratic resolutions. Through critical reflection on a range of issues associated with post-colonialism and post-development, I examine the possibilities that various historical tropes might offer to the reinvention of the African perspective on innovation. This leads to the consideration of how engaging in critical discussions about the future dimensions of African HCI can allow for grappling with the effect of the coloniality of being, power, and knowledge. Developing on the ideas of futuring as a way of dealing with the complexities of the present—in this case, the coloniality of the imagination—the article ends by discussing three tactical propositions for “remembering” future identities of African innovation where the values of autonomy are known and acted upon.
HCI4D的研究不断推进非洲技术科学视角的“缺失”和“差距”叙述。为了回应这些被误导的假设,本文试图重新阐述关于HCI4D中非洲设计实践的常见和可能不幸的想法-即,主要作为非洲社会困境和西方技术官僚解决方案的功能。通过对一系列与后殖民主义和后发展相关的问题的批判性反思,我研究了各种历史比喻可能为重塑非洲创新视角提供的可能性。这就需要考虑如何参与关于非洲人力资本基础设施未来维度的批判性讨论,以应对存在、权力和知识的殖民影响。将未来作为一种处理现在的复杂性的方法——在这种情况下,是想象的殖民性——这篇文章最后讨论了“记住”非洲创新的未来身份的三个策略命题,在这些创新中,自治的价值是已知的并被采取行动的。
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引用次数: 7
Color2Vec: Web-Based Modeling of Word-Color Association with Sociocultural Contexts Color2Vec:基于网络的社会文化语境下的词-颜色关联模型
IF 3.7 2区 计算机科学 Q1 Computer Science Pub Date : 2022-11-21 DOI: 10.1145/3571816
Long Xu, S. Park, Sangwon Lee
Color design has long benefited from the statistical analysis of public taste and, more recently, from crowdsourcing to discover fresh and popular ideas. However, the current color dictionary is considerably restricted in terms of the scope of expressible design concepts and the control of target demographics. We propose a search-engine-based color palette generator inspired by Natural Language Processing algorithms that filter and cluster semantically related words. The post-evaluation reveals that our results not only faithfully realize the given keywords but are notable indicators of inter-group dynamics; the differential recognition of the other group's identity colors reflects the direction of historic, geographic, or cultural influence.
色彩设计长期以来一直受益于对公众品味的统计分析,最近还受益于众包,以发现新鲜和流行的想法。然而,当前的颜色词典在可表达的设计概念的范围和目标人口统计的控制方面受到了相当大的限制。受自然语言处理算法的启发,我们提出了一种基于搜索引擎的调色板生成器,用于过滤和聚类语义相关的单词。后评价表明,我们的结果不仅忠实地实现了给定的关键词,而且是群体间动态的显著指标;对另一群体身份色彩的差异识别反映了历史、地理或文化影响的方向。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction
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