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REE distribution in sequential leached phases from deep-sea polymetallic nodules and sediments 深海多金属结核和沉积物连续浸出相中的 REE 分布
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.105
A. Hikov, Z. Milakovska, Valentina Lyubomirova, Nadezhda Lihareva
The distribution of main elements and REE in sequential leached phases from deep-sea polymetallic nodules and sediments from the eastern part of the Clarion-Clipperton fractures zone, NE Pacific are studied. Results show extraction of Mn in the leach 2 in both nodules and sediments. The extraction of Fe, P and REE is different for leach 2, 3 and residual fraction for nodules and sediments. Phosphorous and REE have strong positive correlation which suggests that the phosphate component is the main important carrier of REE in both nodules and sediments but Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides and clay minerals cannot be excluded as carriers of REE.
研究了来自东北太平洋克拉里昂-克利珀顿断裂带东部的深海多金属结核和沉积物的连续浸出相中主要元素和稀土元素的分布情况。结果表明,在结核和沉积物的浸出 2 中都提取了锰。结核和沉积物的浸出 2、浸出 3 和残余部分对铁、磷和稀土元素的提取不同。磷和稀土元素具有很强的正相关性,这表明磷酸盐成分是结核和沉积物中稀土元素的主要重要载体,但也不能排除铁-锰氧氢氧化物和粘土矿物是稀土元素的载体。
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引用次数: 0
Conodont biostratigraphy, carbonate microfacies and climate changes during the Late Devonain (Frasnian–Famennian) in the Preslavtsi 2 well (Moesian Terrane, NE Bulgaria) 普雷斯拉夫齐 2 号井(保加利亚东北部莫埃西亚地层)泥盆系晚期(弗拉斯年-法门年)的冠齿生物地层学、碳酸盐微地貌和气候变化
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.165
I. Boncheva, P. Andreeva, V. Sachanski
Five conodont zones (falsiovalis, rhenana, triangularis, marginifera, and praesulcata) were recognized within the Upper Devonian carbonate sequence in the Preslavtsi 2 well from the Moesian Terrane in NE Bulgaria. Microfacies study indicates a climate change (from the Subtropical Arid to the Warm Temperate Climatic Zones) recorded in the Frasnian–Famennian succession. Thus, during the Givetian and early Frasnian, sedimentation took place in an arid tidal flat setting, where microbial mats and lagoon carbonates have been formed. In the late Frasnian, a transgression, followed by a rapid regression was recorded that are presumably related to the Late Devonian Kellwasser event. At the beginning of the Famennian, a climate change has occurred and various shallow- and open-marine carbonates have been formed under warm temperate climate conditions.
在保加利亚东北部莫埃西亚地层的 Preslavtsi 2 号井的上泥盆统碳酸盐序列中,发现了五个锥齿动物区(falsiovalis、rhenana、triangularis、marginifera 和 praesulcata)。微岩相研究表明,弗拉斯年-法门年演替记录了气候变化(从亚热带干旱气候区到暖温带气候区)。因此,在纪元和早期的弗拉斯年,沉积发生在干旱的潮滩环境中,形成了微生物垫和礁湖碳酸盐。在弗拉斯年晚期,记录了一次横断,随后是一次快速回归,这可能与晚泥盆世的 Kellwasser 事件有关。在法门纪初期,气候发生变化,在暖温带气候条件下形成了各种浅海和公海碳酸盐岩。
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引用次数: 0
Temperature gradient along the northern slope of the Western Rhodopes 西罗多佩山脉北坡的温度梯度
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.249
Simeon Matev, Petko Bojkov, Dimitar Krenchev, Nina Nikolova
The article examines the values of the vertical temperature gradient along the northern slope of the Western Rhodopes Мountain. The average monthly temperatures in three stations located between 290 and 1535 m a.s.l. were used as the basis of the calculations. Calculations were made for the following temperature indicators: monthly average, average minimum and average maximum, and absolute minimum and absolute maximum. The study covers the period July 2022 – August 2023. The values of the vertical temperature gradient are greatest in the summer and smallest in the autumn-winter period. In the lower part of the studied territory, in winter the gradient also has negative values, due to temperature inversions, and in summer its values are three times greater than in the upper part, due to the greater turbulence of the atmosphere.
文章研究了西罗多佩斯山北坡的垂直温度梯度值。计算以海拔 290 至 1535 米之间三个站点的月平均气温为基础。对以下气温指标进行了计算:月平均气温、平均最低气温和平均最高气温,以及绝对最低气温和绝对最高气温。研究时间为 2022 年 7 月至 2023 年 8 月。温度垂直梯度值在夏季最大,秋冬季最小。在研究区域的下部,冬季由于气温倒挂,梯度值也为负值;夏季由于大气湍流较大,梯度值是上部的三倍。
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引用次数: 0
From pluton intrusion to its exhumation: a case study from Barnard Point Batholith, Livingston Island, South Shetland Archipelago, Antarctica 南极洲南设得兰群岛利文斯顿岛巴纳德角岩浆岩从侵入到喷出的案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.89
Stoyan Georgiev, Eleonora Balkanska, Stefan Velev, Stefan Metodiev, Neven Georgiev, M. Guillong, Sergiy Kurylo
Three samples from the main phase of the Barnard Point Batholith of granodiorite from the sea level up to 463 m of Mac Kay Peak – are analyzed. The U-Pb zircon geochronology reveals magmatic crystallization at 43.89±032 Ma. The Ca-amphibole thermobarometry shows a shallow crustal level emplacement (5–3.5 km and temperatures of 810–750 °C). Two main episodes that correspond to the uplift of the Tangra Mountain and exhumation of the batholith are distinguished using apatite fission-track analysis. The models reveal initial very rapid cooling to ~ 80–90 °C between 40 and 33 Ma and a second episode of uplift and moderate cooling to surface temperatures between 22 and 15 Ma. The obtained positive age-altitude correlation suggests moderate exhumation rate of 340 m/Ma. The thermal modelling of the hypsometrically lowest sample reveals a later moderate cooling event to surface temperatures from 8 Ma to recent times, which corresponds to the Bransfield Rift initiation.
分析了从海平面到 Mac Kay Peak 463 米处花岗闪长岩巴纳德角岩体主岩阶段的三个样本。U-Pb锆石地质年代显示岩浆结晶时间为43.89±032Ma。钙闪石测温显示了地壳浅层的形成(5-3.5 千米,温度为 810-750 °C)。利用磷灰石裂变轨迹分析,可区分与唐格拉山隆起和浴成岩掘出相对应的两个主要阶段。这些模型显示,在 40 至 33 Ma 之间,最初的冷却速度非常快,达到 ~ 80-90 °C;在 22 至 15 Ma 之间,发生了第二次隆起和适度冷却,达到地表温度。得到的年龄-高度正相关表明,中度隆升速率为340 m/Ma。对湿度最低的样本进行的热模拟显示,从 8 Ma 到最近,地表温度出现了一次中等程度的冷却,这与布兰斯菲尔德大裂谷的起始时间相吻合。
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引用次数: 0
Planerite with aheylite and faustite from the Chala deposit, Spahievo Ore Field 斯帕希耶沃矿区查拉矿床出产的带有黑云母和辉石的榍石
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.43
Larisa Nesheva, Denka Yanakieva, P. Petrov, Stela Atanasova-Vladimirova, Nadia Petrova, R. Vassileva, Ivanina Sergeeva, Z. Cherkezova-Zheleva, Daniela Paneva
Planerite, aheylite and faustite are minerals of the turquoise group. They were found in samples from the Chala deposit, Spahievo Ore Field. The samples consist of a small crystalline mass of the investigated mineral phases among quartz. Single spherulites up to 2 mm in size and aggregates of spherulites with a yellowish-greenish color are observed in small cavities. Transparent, colorless wavellite crystals and aggregates are crystallized on spherulites. For the first time in Bulgaria, the presence of aheylite was established.
萤石、黑云母和福氏石是绿松石类矿物。它们是在斯帕希耶沃矿区查拉矿床的样本中发现的。样品由石英中的小晶体块组成。在小空洞中可以观察到大小达 2 毫米的单个球晶和黄绿色的球晶集合体。透明、无色的波长石晶体和集合体是在球粒石上结晶的。在保加利亚首次发现了黑云母。
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引用次数: 0
Different graphitization degrees of carbon matter in rocks of a same metamorphic evolution 变质演化相同的岩石中碳物质的石墨化程度不同
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.141
Alexander Vlahov, Rositsa Ivanova
Two X-ray diffraction methods were chosen to determine the degree of structural order (degree of graphitization) of natural carbonaceous matter. Factors influencing the graphitization processes during the progressive and regressive stages of metamorphism are examined. The correlation of the degrees of structural order of the carbonaceous material with the sequence of mineral growth allows the metamorphic history of the graphite-bearing rocks to be traced. The obtained data can be used for the evaluation of graphite as a raw material.
选择了两种 X 射线衍射方法来确定天然碳质物质的结构有序程度(石墨化程度)。研究了在变质的进展和退步阶段影响石墨化过程的因素。将碳质物质的结构顺序与矿物生长顺序联系起来,可以追溯含石墨岩石的变质历史。获得的数据可用于评估石墨作为原材料的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Anthropogenic impact on the groundwater regime: Case study of the Velika Morava alluvium 人类活动对地下水系统的影响:Velika Morava 冲积层案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.295
Jovana Mladenović, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac, M. Kresojević, B. Vakanjac, Jugoslav Nikolić, D. Polomcic, Dragoljub Bajić
The Velika Morava River originates at the junction of the Južna Morava and Zapadna Morava at the town of Stalać in Serbia. It is 185 km long and empties into the Danube. The Velika Morava River Basin occupies a land area of 37 444 km2. The river flows through central Serbia, which features the most fertile land and the highest population density in the country. Public water supply in this region of Serbia relies on groundwater formed in alluvial sediments of the Velika Morava. Both industry and agriculture are well developed. There is intensive sand and gravel mining along the riverbanks, which has deepened the river channel by as much as 4 m and lowered water surface elevations at Ljubičevski Most. Given that, there is a hydraulic connection between groundwater and the Velika Morava, water levels in wells have also declined. The paper analyzes the elevations of the Velika Morava’s water surface and the water table.
大摩拉瓦河发源于塞尔维亚斯塔拉奇镇的尤日纳摩拉瓦河和扎帕德纳摩拉瓦河交汇处。它全长 185 公里,注入多瑙河。大摩拉瓦河流域的陆地面积为 37 444 平方公里。河流流经塞尔维亚中部,该地区土地最肥沃,人口密度最高。塞尔维亚这一地区的公共供水依靠大莫拉瓦河冲积层中形成的地下水。工业和农业都很发达。沿河两岸有大量的砂石开采,使河道加深了 4 米之多,降低了柳比切夫斯基大区的水面高度。由于地下水与大摩拉瓦河之间存在水力联系,水井中的水位也有所下降。本文分析了 Velika Morava 的水面和地下水位。
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引用次数: 0
Incorporation of As, Sb and Tl in pyrite from the epithermal Kandilka prospect, Eastern Rhodopes, south Bulgaria 保加利亚南部东罗多佩山脉 Kandilka 矿区表生黄铁矿中 As、Sb 和 Tl 的掺入情况
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.39
Yana Georgieva, R. Vassileva, Sylvina Georgieva
The major and trace-element chemistry of two pyrite generations (Py1 and Py2) from the Kandilka epithermal prospect was studied by EDS-scanning electron microscopy and laser ablation ICP-MS techniques. Both generations of pyrite are distinguished by occurrence and chemical properties. Pyrite from the first generation (Py1) is established as trace-element poor, sub- to euhedral (mainly single) crystals up to 200 µm. The later As-bearing pyrite (Py2) forms fine-grained semi-massive aggregates with increased contents of trace-elements. Except for arsenic, Py2 is enriched in gold and antimony. The As content of Py2 increases in an oscillatory manner from core to rim, reflecting changes in As activity and the chemical evolution of ore-bearing fluids. The oscillatory-zoned pyrite is composed of complex rhythmic overgrowths of alternating As-rich and As-poor bands. Positive correlation between As- and Au-content in Py2 is characteristic. According to the current results, the Kandilka prospect could be concerned as a low-sulphidation deposit.
利用 EDS 扫描电子显微镜和激光烧蚀 ICP-MS 技术研究了坎迪尔卡热液矿区两代黄铁矿(Py1 和 Py2)的主要元素和痕量元素化学性质。这两代黄铁矿在出现和化学性质上都有区别。第一代黄铁矿(Py1)是一种微量元素贫乏的亚到八面体(主要是单晶体)晶体,大小可达 200 微米。后来的含砷黄铁矿(Py2)形成了细粒半块状集合体,微量元素含量增加。除砷外,Py2 还富含金和锑。从岩心到岩缘,Py2 的砷含量呈振荡上升趋势,反映了砷活性的变化和含矿流体的化学演化。振荡带状黄铁矿由富砷带和贫砷带交替的复杂节律过度生长组成。Py2中As和Au含量之间的正相关是其特征。根据目前的研究结果,坎迪尔卡探矿区可视为低硫化矿床。
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引用次数: 0
Millerite from the Madan ore field 来自马丹矿区的米勒铁矿
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.67
P. Petrov
Millerite is discovered in samples from Krushev Dol and Mogilata deposits in the Madan ore field. It was found in two associations different in appearance and mineral composition. One of them is with light green ferro­dolomite, and the other with bright green mariposite (chromium-bearing phengite). Only cobalt and iron are detected as impurity elements in some analyses. They are in small concentrations (below 0.01 apfu). The Ni/S ratio is 0.95. The nickel source is associated with bodies of serpentinized ultramafics cut by ore-bearing veins.
在马丹矿区的克鲁舍夫多尔(Krushev Dol)和莫吉拉塔(Mogilata)矿床的样本中发现了米勒铁矿。在两种不同外观和矿物成分的集合体中发现了它。其中一种与浅绿色的铁罗托洛莫来石伴生,另一种与翠绿色的水帘石(含铬辉石)伴生。在一些分析中只检测到钴和铁作为杂质元素。它们的浓度很小(低于 0.01 apfu)。镍/硫比率为 0.95。镍源与被含矿脉切割的蛇纹石化超闪长岩体有关。
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引用次数: 0
Pegmatites from western Rhodope Mts.: zircon data 罗多彼山脉西部的伟晶岩:锆石数据
Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.101
V. Grozdev, R. Vassileva, Sylvina Georgieva
Ages of pegmatites from two localities (Rakitovo, Lepenitsa) from the western Rhodope Mts. were acquired by U-Pb geochronology on zircon with LA-ICP-MS. The pegmatites are hosted by the metamorphic rocks of the Chepino lithotectonic unit. The large pegmatite/s accumulation from the “Suhata Reka” quarry (Rakitovo locality) is formed at 68.7±1.3 Ma, while small deformed body southwards of Velingrad town (Lepenitsa locality) yielded age of 63.4±1.2 Ma. Crosscutting altered andesite dyke is presumed to intrude the metamorphic rocks and pegmatite at 59 Ma in the Lepenitsa locality. The data suggests connection with the initial stage of the magmatic activity of the Rila-West-Rhodope Batholith (RWRB).
通过使用 LA-ICP-MS 对锆石进行 U-Pb 地球年代学研究,获得了罗多彼山脉西部两个地方(Rakitovo 和 Lepenitsa)伟晶岩的年龄。伟晶岩由切皮诺岩石构造单元的变质岩所承载。来自 "Suhata Reka "采石场(拉基托沃地点)的大型伟晶岩/堆积体形成于 68.7±1.3 Ma,而位于大林格勒镇以南的小型变形体(莱佩尼察地点)的年龄为 63.4±1.2 Ma。据推测,横切蚀变安山岩堤侵入变质岩和伟晶岩的时间为 59 Ma。这些数据表明与里拉-西-罗多坡岩浆岩(RWRB)岩浆活动的初始阶段有关。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society
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