Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.245
Adriana Ion, Ana Cosac, Vlad-Victor Ene
Twenty graphite samples (amorphous and crystalline flake types of graphite) were collected from the ore storage of the Catalinul deposit and, the 238U, 232Th, 40K naturally occurring radionuclides have been investigated by gamma-ray spectrometry. The mineral contents of selected graphite samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The radiological hazard parameters: radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rates in air (DR), and external hazard index (Hex) were calculated and compared with international safety limits. Radiometric data showed average specific activities for 238U, 232Th and, 40K of 80.40, 49.69 and, 124.21 Bq kg–1 for amorphous graphite respectively, 38.53, 76.25 and, 241.12 Bq kg–1 for flake graphite. Zircon, rutile, uraninite, coffinite, urano-thorite, and monazite are the main radioactive element bearing minerals. The mean of the radiological hazard parameters: Raeq – 262.22 (Bq kg–1), DR – 123.72 (nGy/h), and 0.7 – Hex do not exceed the recommended values by UNSCEAR.
{"title":"Natural radioactivity level in graphite samples from the Cătălinul deposit, Parâng Mountains, Romania: sources identification and radiological risk assessment","authors":"Adriana Ion, Ana Cosac, Vlad-Victor Ene","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.245","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty graphite samples (amorphous and crystalline flake types of graphite) were collected from the ore storage of the Catalinul deposit and, the 238U, 232Th, 40K naturally occurring radionuclides have been investigated by gamma-ray spectrometry. The mineral contents of selected graphite samples were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The radiological hazard parameters: radium equivalent activity (Raeq), absorbed gamma dose rates in air (DR), and external hazard index (Hex) were calculated and compared with international safety limits. Radiometric data showed average specific activities for 238U, 232Th and, 40K of 80.40, 49.69 and, 124.21 Bq kg–1 for amorphous graphite respectively, 38.53, 76.25 and, 241.12 Bq kg–1 for flake graphite. Zircon, rutile, uraninite, coffinite, urano-thorite, and monazite are the main radioactive element bearing minerals. The mean of the radiological hazard parameters: Raeq – 262.22 (Bq kg–1), DR – 123.72 (nGy/h), and 0.7 – Hex do not exceed the recommended values by UNSCEAR.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.231
Alexander Zdravkov, Denislav Yanchev
The mineralogical composition of the Suhostrel bituminous coal was studied using optical microscopy, XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Clay minerals (mostly kaolinite and mica), quartz and locally albite, are the dominant minerals. Their characteristics indicate predominant terrigenous origin and together with a poor accessory mineral association (rutile/anatase, monazite, zircon) argue for a major detrital input from low grade metamorphic and weathered intrusive/pegmatitic rocks.
{"title":"Mineralogical characteristics of Suhostrel bituminous coal, SW Bulgaria","authors":"Alexander Zdravkov, Denislav Yanchev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.231","url":null,"abstract":"The mineralogical composition of the Suhostrel bituminous coal was studied using optical microscopy, XRD and SEM-EDS analyses. Clay minerals (mostly kaolinite and mica), quartz and locally albite, are the dominant minerals. Their characteristics indicate predominant terrigenous origin and together with a poor accessory mineral association (rutile/anatase, monazite, zircon) argue for a major detrital input from low grade metamorphic and weathered intrusive/pegmatitic rocks.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.35
Sylvina Georgieva, R. Vassileva, V. Grozdev, Georgi Milenkov, J. Cempírek, R. Škoda, Elitsa Stefanova
Mineralogical and geochemical study was done on weakly deformed, relatively thin pegmatites that intruded the marbles of the Rhodope metamorphic complex in the Djurkovo Pb-Zn deposit, Central Rhodopes. The pegmatites consist mainly of K-feldspar and quartz and contain minor garnet; the pegmatites lack clear zonation except for the preferable crystallization of the garnet in the central parts. The main accessory minerals are ishikawaite, zircon, monazite-(Ce), apatite, and titanite. The textural relationships indicate later hydrothermal alteration of pegmatites which led to the formation of albite, epidote, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, quartz and leucoxene. The (REE+Y, ACT, Nb, Ta, Ti)-bearing pegmatite minerals (oxides, silicates and phosphates) are partly leached and/or replaced by secondary ones. The newly-formed phases precipitated as anhedral grains along fractures and dissolved zones onto/or close to the primary minerals due to the limited mobility of the incompatible elements in fluids conditioned by pH, ligand activity and temperature.
{"title":"Redistribution of incompatible elements during hydrothermal alteration of pegmatite from the Djurkovo Pb-Zn deposit, Central Rhodopes","authors":"Sylvina Georgieva, R. Vassileva, V. Grozdev, Georgi Milenkov, J. Cempírek, R. Škoda, Elitsa Stefanova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.35","url":null,"abstract":"Mineralogical and geochemical study was done on weakly deformed, relatively thin pegmatites that intruded the marbles of the Rhodope metamorphic complex in the Djurkovo Pb-Zn deposit, Central Rhodopes. The pegmatites consist mainly of K-feldspar and quartz and contain minor garnet; the pegmatites lack clear zonation except for the preferable crystallization of the garnet in the central parts. The main accessory minerals are ishikawaite, zircon, monazite-(Ce), apatite, and titanite. The textural relationships indicate later hydrothermal alteration of pegmatites which led to the formation of albite, epidote, sericite, chlorite, carbonate, quartz and leucoxene. The (REE+Y, ACT, Nb, Ta, Ti)-bearing pegmatite minerals (oxides, silicates and phosphates) are partly leached and/or replaced by secondary ones. The newly-formed phases precipitated as anhedral grains along fractures and dissolved zones onto/or close to the primary minerals due to the limited mobility of the incompatible elements in fluids conditioned by pH, ligand activity and temperature.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.329
A. Baltakova
Sea level rise is one of the effects of climate change and the Black Sea is affected, regardless its isolated position from the World Ocean. As a consequent, in various locations worldwide is reported shifting of foredune ridges towards inland and overlapping of newly formed ridges over older secondary features, as parabolic dunes, dune fields, etc. During the field study in 2023, in the Kavatsite foredune ridge was observed such migration of newly formed accumulations on older grey dunes. Comparative analysis of UAV-based photogrammetry and generated orthophoto mosaic overlaid to archive aerial images from the early 20th century showed over 20 m migration of the primary dune ridge inland and also increased beach erosion. Regarding the accelerating sea rise tendency, special attention should be taken to the anthropogenic activities in the coastal zone, including the beach-dune systems – the first natural barrier to the wave action on coasts.
{"title":"Coastal foredune enlargement – a sign of sea-level change? An example from the Kavatsite beach-dune system","authors":"A. Baltakova","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.329","url":null,"abstract":"Sea level rise is one of the effects of climate change and the Black Sea is affected, regardless its isolated position from the World Ocean. As a consequent, in various locations worldwide is reported shifting of foredune ridges towards inland and overlapping of newly formed ridges over older secondary features, as parabolic dunes, dune fields, etc. During the field study in 2023, in the Kavatsite foredune ridge was observed such migration of newly formed accumulations on older grey dunes. Comparative analysis of UAV-based photogrammetry and generated orthophoto mosaic overlaid to archive aerial images from the early 20th century showed over 20 m migration of the primary dune ridge inland and also increased beach erosion. Regarding the accelerating sea rise tendency, special attention should be taken to the anthropogenic activities in the coastal zone, including the beach-dune systems – the first natural barrier to the wave action on coasts.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139194733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341
Dimitar Krenchev
The aim of this study is to analyze selected morphometric properties of drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the northwestern Rhodope Mountains. In this regard, the watershed of the main river was divided into seven sub-basins. For each of them, the following linear and areal morphometric parameters were considered: area and shape of the catchment, slopes, drainage network length, drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, Meltonʼs index, hypsometric integral, etc. The morphometric analysis can be used for creating of hydrological and geomorphological models for natural hazards and for better planning of sustainable use of water resources in the area.
{"title":"Morphometric analysis of the drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the Western Rhodopes Mountains","authors":"Dimitar Krenchev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to analyze selected morphometric properties of drainage network in the Parvenetska river basin, the northwestern Rhodope Mountains. In this regard, the watershed of the main river was divided into seven sub-basins. For each of them, the following linear and areal morphometric parameters were considered: area and shape of the catchment, slopes, drainage network length, drainage density, stream frequency, bifurcation ratio, Meltonʼs index, hypsometric integral, etc. The morphometric analysis can be used for creating of hydrological and geomorphological models for natural hazards and for better planning of sustainable use of water resources in the area.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139187818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207
Z. Damyanov
The paper presents the importance of mineral deposit modeling, based on the elucidation of key elements of its origin, for the development of reliable criteria for prospecting of new deposits and orebodies of this type. On the example of the Kremikovtsi carbonate-hosted IF-barite-polymetallic deposit, it is shown that the adoption of a well-grounded syngenetic or epigenetic concept for its origin is crucial for successful prospecting activity. Based on the developed model for a sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) origin of the deposit (i.e. syngenetic to the carbonate host), the key factors controlling ore formation are specified, and an optimal strategy for future prospecting in the region is proposed.
本文介绍了在阐明矿床起源关键因素的基础上建立矿床模型的重要性，以便为勘探新矿床和此类矿体制定可靠的标准。以克雷米科夫茨碳酸盐岩包裹的 IF 重晶石多金属矿床为例，说明了采用有充分依据的系统遗传学或表观遗传学概念来确定矿床起源对于成功开展勘探活动至关重要。根据所开发的沉积-喷出（SEDEX）矿床起源模型（即与碳酸盐母岩的共生），明确了控制矿石形成的关键因素，并提出了该地区未来勘探的最佳战略。
{"title":"Genetic modeling and prospecting criteria: An example of syngenetic vs. epigenetic ore formation","authors":"Z. Damyanov","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.207","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the importance of mineral deposit modeling, based on the elucidation of key elements of its origin, for the development of reliable criteria for prospecting of new deposits and orebodies of this type. On the example of the Kremikovtsi carbonate-hosted IF-barite-polymetallic deposit, it is shown that the adoption of a well-grounded syngenetic or epigenetic concept for its origin is crucial for successful prospecting activity. Based on the developed model for a sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) origin of the deposit (i.e. syngenetic to the carbonate host), the key factors controlling ore formation are specified, and an optimal strategy for future prospecting in the region is proposed.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.319
Madlena Tsvetkova, Ivanina Sergeeva, Olga Veleva
Previous analyses of the Sumer Formation sediments have been limited to samples up to 400 m deep near the village of Varbitsa. This study extends the investigation, exploring the mineral composition and carbonate content of the sediments near the village of Sumer. Samples were collected from two outcrops at the Montana-Vratsa Road junction (C-1) and the Shugavitsa river basin (C-2). Both outcrops revealed a quartz and calcite content of approximately 75–80%, with a significant variance in calcite levels: 11.4% at C-1 and 31.3% at C-2. Illite (4.5%) and kaolinite (2%), these clay minerals essential for the marls’ sorption properties, were only detected in C-1 samples. The C-2 outcrop exhibits a higher carbonate content (17.65%) compared to C-1 (10.85%). These findings mirror the mineral composition trends observed near Varbitsa, where the content of illite and kaolinite increases with depth. The results provide valuable data for future geochemical and geotechnical evaluations pertinent to the development of geological repositories.
{"title":"Mineral composition of the Sumer Formation sediments near the village of Sumer (Northwestern Bulgaria)","authors":"Madlena Tsvetkova, Ivanina Sergeeva, Olga Veleva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.319","url":null,"abstract":"Previous analyses of the Sumer Formation sediments have been limited to samples up to 400 m deep near the village of Varbitsa. This study extends the investigation, exploring the mineral composition and carbonate content of the sediments near the village of Sumer. Samples were collected from two outcrops at the Montana-Vratsa Road junction (C-1) and the Shugavitsa river basin (C-2). Both outcrops revealed a quartz and calcite content of approximately 75–80%, with a significant variance in calcite levels: 11.4% at C-1 and 31.3% at C-2. Illite (4.5%) and kaolinite (2%), these clay minerals essential for the marls’ sorption properties, were only detected in C-1 samples. The C-2 outcrop exhibits a higher carbonate content (17.65%) compared to C-1 (10.85%). These findings mirror the mineral composition trends observed near Varbitsa, where the content of illite and kaolinite increases with depth. The results provide valuable data for future geochemical and geotechnical evaluations pertinent to the development of geological repositories.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139189776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.275
Peter Gerginov, A. Benderev
Hydrogeological conditions in karst areas reflect the high velocities of groundwater movement in open or material-filled channels. Usually they remain hidden under the ground, and only high flow rates of the flowing underground water reveal them. An example is one of the largest karst springs in Bulgaria – Glava Panega in the village of Zlatna Panega. There are two hydraulically connected lakes close to the spring head. The purpose of the present study is to establish this relationship, as well as to provide a more accurate information of groundwater discharge zones in the lake near the source of groundwater. The methods used include analyzing specific information from speleological studies, combined with conducted on field geophysical studies. Profiling was carried out using the method of the self potential, as well as research with the determination of the values of the natural electromagnetic field. The obtained results support the understanding of the behavior of the karst system in the area of the Glava Panega spring.
{"title":"Hydrogeological conditions in the recharge area of the Glava Panega spring","authors":"Peter Gerginov, A. Benderev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.275","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogeological conditions in karst areas reflect the high velocities of groundwater movement in open or material-filled channels. Usually they remain hidden under the ground, and only high flow rates of the flowing underground water reveal them. An example is one of the largest karst springs in Bulgaria – Glava Panega in the village of Zlatna Panega. There are two hydraulically connected lakes close to the spring head. The purpose of the present study is to establish this relationship, as well as to provide a more accurate information of groundwater discharge zones in the lake near the source of groundwater. The methods used include analyzing specific information from speleological studies, combined with conducted on field geophysical studies. Profiling was carried out using the method of the self potential, as well as research with the determination of the values of the natural electromagnetic field. The obtained results support the understanding of the behavior of the karst system in the area of the Glava Panega spring.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139190312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.291
Boyka Mihaylova, Mariya Staneva, Todor Ianakiev
Metallurgical productions are a potential source of environmental pollution, including groundwater. For the preservation of groundwater resources, the proper organization of a network of observation wells to monitor the quantity and quality of groundwater in the territory affected by the production is of а great importance. The object of the present study is the groundwater in the area of the Aurubis Bulgaria plant. The development of the largest own monitoring system in the country has been tracked, with a view to obtain a real picture of the ecological state of groundwater and its changes over time.
{"title":"The monitoring system of “Aurubis Bulgaria” AD as a means for assessing the condition of groundwater","authors":"Boyka Mihaylova, Mariya Staneva, Todor Ianakiev","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.291","url":null,"abstract":"Metallurgical productions are a potential source of environmental pollution, including groundwater. For the preservation of groundwater resources, the proper organization of a network of observation wells to monitor the quantity and quality of groundwater in the territory affected by the production is of а great importance. The object of the present study is the groundwater in the area of the Aurubis Bulgaria plant. The development of the largest own monitoring system in the country has been tracked, with a view to obtain a real picture of the ecological state of groundwater and its changes over time.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139191605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.299
Vanushka Petrova, Mariana Nedelcheva
The building was constructed in the central urban part on a collapsible loess of the II type. The later forms a slope with a height of 10–11 m in the structure proximity. Since the 1990s, the building has been subjected to deformations from strong earthquakes, subsidence and settlement caused by water supply and sewage over-moistening and suffusion flow of loess through the underground galleries beneath it. The present study makes a geotechnical assessment of the ground base, elucidates the causes for the resulting deformations, analyzes the data from the geotechnical monitoring since 2018 and discusses the effectiveness of the performed strengthening of the foundations and the ground base.
{"title":"Investigating the ground base and the causes for deformations of a building in the town of Russe, Bulgaria","authors":"Vanushka Petrova, Mariana Nedelcheva","doi":"10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.299","url":null,"abstract":"The building was constructed in the central urban part on a collapsible loess of the II type. The later forms a slope with a height of 10–11 m in the structure proximity. Since the 1990s, the building has been subjected to deformations from strong earthquakes, subsidence and settlement caused by water supply and sewage over-moistening and suffusion flow of loess through the underground galleries beneath it. The present study makes a geotechnical assessment of the ground base, elucidates the causes for the resulting deformations, analyzes the data from the geotechnical monitoring since 2018 and discusses the effectiveness of the performed strengthening of the foundations and the ground base.","PeriodicalId":509487,"journal":{"name":"Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139192648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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