Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377110
Jared N Smith, Ben H Lang, Meghan E Hurley
{"title":"Co-Reasoning in Context: Collaboration in Critical Care.","authors":"Jared N Smith, Ben H Lang, Meghan E Hurley","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377116
Benjamin Gregg
{"title":"Bioethics Should Not Seek to Reflect Public Opinion.","authors":"Benjamin Gregg","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377116","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377117
Suzanne Metselaar, Giulia Inguaggiato, Eric Racine
{"title":"Bridging the Gap Between Bioethicists and the Public: A Living Ethics Perspective.","authors":"Suzanne Metselaar, Giulia Inguaggiato, Eric Racine","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377130
Rosalind McDougall
{"title":"Patient Diversity and Collaborative Co-Reasoning for Ethical Use of Machine Learning-Driven Decision Support Systems.","authors":"Rosalind McDougall","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377115
Søren Holm, Thomas Ploug
{"title":"Co-Reasoning and Epistemic Inequality in AI Supported Medical Decision-Making.","authors":"Søren Holm, Thomas Ploug","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377115","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2390312
Sandra Soo-Jin Lee
{"title":"What and For Whom Is Bioethics?","authors":"Sandra Soo-Jin Lee","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2390312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2390312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2383121
Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D Earp, Peng Liu, Julian Savulescu
{"title":"Reasons in the Loop: The Role of Large Language Models in Medical Co-Reasoning.","authors":"Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Brian D Earp, Peng Liu, Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2383121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2383121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2377102
Virginia L Bartlett
{"title":"Safety in Numbers and Other Questions from Pierson et al.'s Bioethics Survey.","authors":"Virginia L Bartlett","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2377102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2377102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142121093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2388723
Ellen Fox, Jason Adam Wasserman
To address the current lack of knowledge about clinical ethics fellowship programs (CEFPs), we surveyed all 36 programs in the U.S. and Canada. The number of CEFPs has grown exponentially over the last 40 years and far exceeds previous estimates. Commonalities among CEFPs include: 88.8% require an advanced degree or rarely accept applicants without one; 91.7% of programs do not restrict applicants to a specific background such as medicine or philosophy; and 88.9% of programs compensate fellows. CEFPs vary widely on numbers of fellows trained in the last 3 years (1-111), numbers of consultations performed by each fellow (0-450), and salaries paid ($0-$95,000). Less than half of programs meet CEFP standards established by ABPD. Nonpaying programs and larger programs tend to have lower admission standards and lower expectations for fellows. We hope these data will help inform CEFP standards that promote quality and consistency without stifling desirable diversity and innovation.
{"title":"Clinical Ethics Fellowship Programs in the U.S. and Canada: A Descriptive Study of Program Characteristics and Practices.","authors":"Ellen Fox, Jason Adam Wasserman","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2388723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2388723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To address the current lack of knowledge about clinical ethics fellowship programs (CEFPs), we surveyed all 36 programs in the U.S. and Canada. The number of CEFPs has grown exponentially over the last 40 years and far exceeds previous estimates. Commonalities among CEFPs include: 88.8% require an advanced degree or rarely accept applicants without one; 91.7% of programs do not restrict applicants to a specific background such as medicine or philosophy; and 88.9% of programs compensate fellows. CEFPs vary widely on numbers of fellows trained in the last 3 years (1-111), numbers of consultations performed by each fellow (0-450), and salaries paid ($0-$95,000). Less than half of programs meet CEFP standards established by ABPD. Nonpaying programs and larger programs tend to have lower admission standards and lower expectations for fellows. We hope these data will help inform CEFP standards that promote quality and consistency without stifling desirable diversity and innovation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2024.2388730
Bryanna Moore, Amy Caruso Brown
Bioethics has dedicated itself to exploring and defending both reasons for and against certain aspects of clinical care, biomedical research and health policy, including what decisions must be made, who should make them, and how they should be made. In pediatrics, it's widely acknowledged that parents' reasons may matter pragmatically; attending to parents' reasons is important if we want to work with families. Yet the conventional view in pediatric ethics is that parents' reasons are irrelevant to whether a decision is permissible or impermissible according to accepted ethical standards. In this paper, we explore whether parents' reasons matter ethically and, if so, in what way and for whom. First, we clarify what we mean by 'reasons.' Second, we provide an overview of how reasons are typically treated in medical decision-making and pediatric ethics. Third, we analyze a hypothetical pediatric case to illustrate how changing reasons can transform ethical analyses, including by contributing to where and how clinicians and ethicists draw the boundaries intrinsic to common pediatric ethical frameworks. We push back against the conventional view and argue that parents' reasons matter ethically in several ways. We call for further research on the role of parents' reasons in clinical ethics deliberation.
{"title":"Do Reasons Matter? Navigating Parents' Reasons in Healthcare Decisions for Children.","authors":"Bryanna Moore, Amy Caruso Brown","doi":"10.1080/15265161.2024.2388730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2388730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioethics has dedicated itself to exploring and defending both reasons for and against certain aspects of clinical care, biomedical research and health policy, including what decisions must be made, who should make them, and how they should be made. In pediatrics, it's widely acknowledged that parents' reasons may matter pragmatically; attending to parents' reasons is important if we want to work with families. Yet the conventional view in pediatric ethics is that parents' reasons are irrelevant to whether a decision is permissible or impermissible according to accepted ethical standards. In this paper, we explore whether parents' reasons matter ethically and, if so, in what way and for whom. First, we clarify what we mean by 'reasons.' Second, we provide an overview of how reasons are typically treated in medical decision-making and pediatric ethics. Third, we analyze a hypothetical pediatric case to illustrate how changing reasons can transform ethical analyses, including by contributing to where and how clinicians and ethicists draw the boundaries intrinsic to common pediatric ethical frameworks. We push back against the conventional view and argue that parents' reasons matter ethically in several ways. We call for further research on the role of parents' reasons in clinical ethics deliberation.</p>","PeriodicalId":50962,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":17.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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