Pub Date : 2024-05-16DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c99
Branimir Stamenkovic, Ying Shirley Meng, Philippe MOREAU, Joël Gaubicher
Unveiling the electrochemistry of solid-state Li2ZrCl6 halide electrolyte, we reveal its dual function as both an ion conductor and a supplementary electron source/sink. This groundbreaking discovery leads to a remarkable long-term enhancement of the specific capacity of industry-relevant heavily loaded LiFePO4 electrodes by several tens of percent, while significantly amplifying that of Si-based or anode-less full cells through effective compensation for side reactions. We show that these effects can potentially be tuned by adjusting the initial xLiCl-ZrCl4 composition of the solid electrolyte, which may thus become a new and mighty parameter for balancing the two electrodes.
{"title":"Fueling from the Electrochemistry of Halide Solid Electrolytes","authors":"Branimir Stamenkovic, Ying Shirley Meng, Philippe MOREAU, Joël Gaubicher","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c99","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Unveiling the electrochemistry of solid-state Li2ZrCl6 halide electrolyte, we reveal its dual function as both an ion conductor and a supplementary electron source/sink. This groundbreaking discovery leads to a remarkable long-term enhancement of the specific capacity of industry-relevant heavily loaded LiFePO4 electrodes by several tens of percent, while significantly amplifying that of Si-based or anode-less full cells through effective compensation for side reactions. We show that these effects can potentially be tuned by adjusting the initial xLiCl-ZrCl4 composition of the solid electrolyte, which may thus become a new and mighty parameter for balancing the two electrodes.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c11
J. Stoll, Jisung Jeong, Philip Huynh, E. Kjeang
Utilizing a direct film coating method (DFCM), such as doctor blade coating, offers a promising approach for efficient and scalable catalyst layer (CL) production for fuel cells. To further widen the understanding of lab-scale DFCM, the present research investigates how different Pt-based catalyst ink formulations coated via doctor blade coating with varying blade gap thickness (BGT) affect the CL quality and catalyst loading. In total, 120 CL samples were prepared by coating 20 different catalyst ink formulations with varying solids content, ionomer-to-carbon (I/C) ratio, and water-to-isopropanol solvent ratio with BGTs of 75, 125, and 200 μm. Inspection of these samples showed that the solvent ratio affects the coating uniformity, with the most uniform films achieved with a ratio of 1.67 or greater. Furthermore, increasing the I/C ratio for a given solids content ink formulation decreases the Pt loading, whereas an I/C ratio above or below 1.0 reduces cell performance due to mass transport or proton conductivity impacts, respectively. In addition, a relationship factor and equations are presented to estimate the solid weight and catalyst loading of the fabricated CL based on the ink formulation and BGT. Overall, this work provides important guidance for lab-scale DFCM fabrication of industrially relevant CLs
{"title":"Impacts of Catalyst Ink Composition and Wet Film Thickness on Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers Fabricated by Direct Film Coating Method","authors":"J. Stoll, Jisung Jeong, Philip Huynh, E. Kjeang","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c11","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Utilizing a direct film coating method (DFCM), such as doctor blade coating, offers a promising approach for efficient and scalable catalyst layer (CL) production for fuel cells. To further widen the understanding of lab-scale DFCM, the present research investigates how different Pt-based catalyst ink formulations coated via doctor blade coating with varying blade gap thickness (BGT) affect the CL quality and catalyst loading. In total, 120 CL samples were prepared by coating 20 different catalyst ink formulations with varying solids content, ionomer-to-carbon (I/C) ratio, and water-to-isopropanol solvent ratio with BGTs of 75, 125, and 200 μm. Inspection of these samples showed that the solvent ratio affects the coating uniformity, with the most uniform films achieved with a ratio of 1.67 or greater. Furthermore, increasing the I/C ratio for a given solids content ink formulation decreases the Pt loading, whereas an I/C ratio above or below 1.0 reduces cell performance due to mass transport or proton conductivity impacts, respectively. In addition, a relationship factor and equations are presented to estimate the solid weight and catalyst loading of the fabricated CL based on the ink formulation and BGT. Overall, this work provides important guidance for lab-scale DFCM fabrication of industrially relevant CLs","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0f
L. Saberi, Frank Liou, Mehdi Amiri
This study investigates the impact of process-induced defects such as gas pores, lack of fusions, and surface roughness on corrosion behavior of stainless steel 304L (SS304L) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Specimens are printed with optimized process parameters but selected from different locations on the build plate. Parallel and perpendicular surfaces to the build direction are investigated and compared with corrosion properties of wrought SS304L in 5wt.% NaCl. The results reveal significant difference in corrosion behavior among specimens due to variations in their defect features. Pitting potential, pit initiation, and growth rates are found to be influenced by specimen location on the build plate. The specimen located in downstream of the shielding gas flow shows the least corrosion resistance. While no clear trends are observed between some corrosion properties and defect features, other properties show strong correlations. For example, no trend is observed for the corrosion properties in relation to pore average area fraction. However, strong correlations are observed for the corrosion properties as functions of defects maximum area. Corrosion properties linearly deteriorate as the defects maximum area increases. Roughness shows a mixed relationship with pitting potential. Comprehensive discussions on all these effects are presented.
{"title":"Effects of Process-Induced Defects on the Corrosion of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 304L","authors":"L. Saberi, Frank Liou, Mehdi Amiri","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study investigates the impact of process-induced defects such as gas pores, lack of fusions, and surface roughness on corrosion behavior of stainless steel 304L (SS304L) fabricated by laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Specimens are printed with optimized process parameters but selected from different locations on the build plate. Parallel and perpendicular surfaces to the build direction are investigated and compared with corrosion properties of wrought SS304L in 5wt.% NaCl. The results reveal significant difference in corrosion behavior among specimens due to variations in their defect features. Pitting potential, pit initiation, and growth rates are found to be influenced by specimen location on the build plate. The specimen located in downstream of the shielding gas flow shows the least corrosion resistance. While no clear trends are observed between some corrosion properties and defect features, other properties show strong correlations. For example, no trend is observed for the corrosion properties in relation to pore average area fraction. However, strong correlations are observed for the corrosion properties as functions of defects maximum area. Corrosion properties linearly deteriorate as the defects maximum area increases. Roughness shows a mixed relationship with pitting potential. Comprehensive discussions on all these effects are presented.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0d
Endao Zhang, Wei Song
Hydrogen is a prime candidate for replacing fossil fuels. Electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen stands out as a particularly clean method, garnering significant attention from researchers in recent years. Among the various techniques for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, alkaline electrolysis holds the most promise for large-scale industrialization. The key to advancing this technology lies in the development of durable and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Self-supporting electrode is an electrode structure in which a catalyst layer is formed directly on a substrate (such as carbon cloth, nickel foam, stainless steel, etc.) without using a binder and with good structural stability. In contrast to traditional nanocatalysts, self-supporting electrocatalysts offer significant advantages, including reduced resistance, enhanced stability, and prolonged usability under high currents. This paper reviews recent advancements in HER electrochemical catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis, focusing on the utilization of hydrogen-evolving catalysts such as metal sulfides, phosphides, selenides, oxides, and hydroxides. With self-supported electrocatalysts as the focal point, the paper delves into progress made in their preparation techniques, structural design, understanding of reaction mechanisms, and strategies for performance enhancement. Ultimately, the future development direction of promoting hydrogen evolution by self-supported electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolysis is summarized.
{"title":"Review—Self-Supporting Electrocatalysts for HER in Alkaline Water Electrolysis","authors":"Endao Zhang, Wei Song","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0d","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hydrogen is a prime candidate for replacing fossil fuels. Electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen stands out as a particularly clean method, garnering significant attention from researchers in recent years. Among the various techniques for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, alkaline electrolysis holds the most promise for large-scale industrialization. The key to advancing this technology lies in the development of durable and cost-effective electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Self-supporting electrode is an electrode structure in which a catalyst layer is formed directly on a substrate (such as carbon cloth, nickel foam, stainless steel, etc.) without using a binder and with good structural stability. In contrast to traditional nanocatalysts, self-supporting electrocatalysts offer significant advantages, including reduced resistance, enhanced stability, and prolonged usability under high currents. This paper reviews recent advancements in HER electrochemical catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis, focusing on the utilization of hydrogen-evolving catalysts such as metal sulfides, phosphides, selenides, oxides, and hydroxides. With self-supported electrocatalysts as the focal point, the paper delves into progress made in their preparation techniques, structural design, understanding of reaction mechanisms, and strategies for performance enhancement. Ultimately, the future development direction of promoting hydrogen evolution by self-supported electrocatalysts in alkaline water electrolysis is summarized.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c10
Daniel Esau, Cedric Grosselindemann, S. Sckuhr, F. Kullmann, Adrian Lindner, Zhida Liang, Franz‐Martin Fuchs, A. Weber
Modelling of the co-electrolysis process requires understanding of the underlying reaction pathways under H2/H2O/CO/CO2-atmospheres. These include the electrochemical steam reduction/hydrogen oxidation, the electrochemical CO2 reduction/CO oxidation and their coupling via the catalytic (reverse) water gas shift reaction ((R)WGS). The assumption of a very fast RWGS and therefore neglectable electrochemical CO2 conversion is commonly used to model the co-electrolysis process. In contrast, previous studies on Ni/GDC fuel electrodes suggest that the electrochemical conversion of CO / CO2 can be present in H2/H2O/CO/CO2-atmospheres. To deconvolute surface-related and non-surface-related processes in the impedance response we present results from a complex variation of operating parameters for process identification by the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the subsequent impedance analysis by the distribution of relaxation times. A physically meaningful equivalent circuit model, based on a single channel transmission line, is then derived. The model enables quantification of the surface reaction resistance under varied C/H-ratios. From a kinetic analysis it is shown that the electrochemical H2/H2O conversion is dominant for y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≤ 50% and electrochemical CO/CO2-conversion onsets from y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≥ 60%.
建立共电解过程模型需要了解 H2/H2O/CO/CO2- 气圈下的基本反应途径。其中包括电化学蒸汽还原/氢气氧化、电化学 CO2 还原/CO 氧化以及它们通过催化（反向）水气变换反应（(R)WGS）的耦合。假设 RWGS 的速度非常快，因此可忽略电化学 CO2 转化，这一假设通常被用来模拟共电解过程。与此相反，之前对 Ni/GDC 燃料电极的研究表明，在 H2/H2O/CO/CO2- 气圈中可能存在 CO / CO2 的电化学转化。为了消除阻抗响应中与表面相关和非表面相关的过程，我们利用电化学阻抗能谱和随后的弛豫时间分布阻抗分析，提供了复杂的操作参数变化结果，用于识别过程。然后，基于单通道传输线得出了一个具有物理意义的等效电路模型。该模型可以量化不同 C/H 比率下的表面反应电阻。动力学分析表明，y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≤50%时，电化学 H2/H2O 转换占主导地位，y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≥60%时，电化学 CO/CO2- 转换开始。
{"title":"Electrochemical Characterization of Nickel / Gadolinia Doped Ceria Fuel Electrodes under H2/H2O/CO/CO2-Atmospheres","authors":"Daniel Esau, Cedric Grosselindemann, S. Sckuhr, F. Kullmann, Adrian Lindner, Zhida Liang, Franz‐Martin Fuchs, A. Weber","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c10","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Modelling of the co-electrolysis process requires understanding of the underlying reaction pathways under H2/H2O/CO/CO2-atmospheres. These include the electrochemical steam reduction/hydrogen oxidation, the electrochemical CO2 reduction/CO oxidation and their coupling via the catalytic (reverse) water gas shift reaction ((R)WGS). The assumption of a very fast RWGS and therefore neglectable electrochemical CO2 conversion is commonly used to model the co-electrolysis process. In contrast, previous studies on Ni/GDC fuel electrodes suggest that the electrochemical conversion of CO / CO2 can be present in H2/H2O/CO/CO2-atmospheres. To deconvolute surface-related and non-surface-related processes in the impedance response we present results from a complex variation of operating parameters for process identification by the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the subsequent impedance analysis by the distribution of relaxation times. A physically meaningful equivalent circuit model, based on a single channel transmission line, is then derived. The model enables quantification of the surface reaction resistance under varied C/H-ratios. From a kinetic analysis it is shown that the electrochemical H2/H2O conversion is dominant for y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≤ 50% and electrochemical CO/CO2-conversion onsets from y_CO+y_(CO_2 )≥ 60%.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0c
Jason Marvin Torrie, Ranon Fuller, Devin Rappleye
A simply constructed, stable, Ni/Ni2+ saturated reference electrode (SRE) has potential to measure thermodynamic behavior of molten chloride salts more reliably. Like the Ag/Ag+ reference electrode (RE), the Ni/Ni2+ SRE is made of commercially available materials. Initial experiments in molten CaCl2 and LiCl show the Ag/Ag+ RE potential drifting two times faster than the SRE. Furthermore, experiments show the replicability of SREs by comparing two Ni/Ni2+ SREs with different compositions of NiCl2 which is supportive of saturated phase behavior.
{"title":"The Development of a Stable and Practical Saturated Reference Electrode for Molten Chloride Salt Systems","authors":"Jason Marvin Torrie, Ranon Fuller, Devin Rappleye","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A simply constructed, stable, Ni/Ni2+ saturated reference electrode (SRE) has potential to measure thermodynamic behavior of molten chloride salts more reliably. Like the Ag/Ag+ reference electrode (RE), the Ni/Ni2+ SRE is made of commercially available materials. Initial experiments in molten CaCl2 and LiCl show the Ag/Ag+ RE potential drifting two times faster than the SRE. Furthermore, experiments show the replicability of SREs by comparing two Ni/Ni2+ SREs with different compositions of NiCl2 which is supportive of saturated phase behavior.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0e
Vinh Van Tran, Daeho Lee, Vu Khac Hoang Bui, Nguyen Tien Tran, Hai Bang Truong, Ha Huu Do
The quest for economical and sustainable electrocatalysts to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount in addressing the pressing challenges associated with carbon dioxide emissions. Molybdenum carbide-based nanomaterials have emerged as highly promising electrocatalysts for HER due to their Pt-like catalytic proficiency, exceptional stability, and the versatility of their crystal phases. Within this comprehensive review, we explore the diverse methodologies for synthesizing molybdenum carbides, including solid-gas, solid-solid, and solid-liquid phase reactions. In addition, a thorough elucidation of the hydrogen generation process through water electrolysis is provided. Furthermore, a spectrum of innovative strategies aimed at augmenting the performance of molybdenum carbides in the HER milieu is introduced, encompassing cutting-edge techniques such as phase-transition engineering, the construction of heterostructures, hetero-atom doping, the integration of hybrid structures with carbon materials, defect engineering, and meticulous surface modification. The review culminates by underscoring the current challenges and the promising prospects in the advancement of electrocatalysts for hydrogen production, with a dedicated focus on molybdenum carbide-based catalysts.
{"title":"Review—Recent Advancements in Molybdenum Carbides for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Vinh Van Tran, Daeho Lee, Vu Khac Hoang Bui, Nguyen Tien Tran, Hai Bang Truong, Ha Huu Do","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4c0e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The quest for economical and sustainable electrocatalysts to facilitate the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is paramount in addressing the pressing challenges associated with carbon dioxide emissions. Molybdenum carbide-based nanomaterials have emerged as highly promising electrocatalysts for HER due to their Pt-like catalytic proficiency, exceptional stability, and the versatility of their crystal phases. Within this comprehensive review, we explore the diverse methodologies for synthesizing molybdenum carbides, including solid-gas, solid-solid, and solid-liquid phase reactions. In addition, a thorough elucidation of the hydrogen generation process through water electrolysis is provided. Furthermore, a spectrum of innovative strategies aimed at augmenting the performance of molybdenum carbides in the HER milieu is introduced, encompassing cutting-edge techniques such as phase-transition engineering, the construction of heterostructures, hetero-atom doping, the integration of hybrid structures with carbon materials, defect engineering, and meticulous surface modification. The review culminates by underscoring the current challenges and the promising prospects in the advancement of electrocatalysts for hydrogen production, with a dedicated focus on molybdenum carbide-based catalysts.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad4ba4
Shereen Hassan Boltia, E. M. Morgan, Reem H. Obaydo, Y. Fayez, M. Abdelkawy, H. Lotfy
Green and sustainable scientific research is crucial for health and environmental improvement. Electrochemical analysis simplifies complex processes, saving time and cost. Ion selective electrode method, a key in green analytical chemistry, was utilized. A highly selective solid contact sensor was developed for two applications, detecting cinnarizine (CIN) and dimenhydrinate (DMH) in pharmaceuticals, and identifying CIN and diphenhydramine (DIP) in human plasma. Careful selection of ionophores ensured accurate detection. Multi-wall carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) facilitate rapid and precise measurement. The concentration range for CIN, DMH, and DIP was 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−2 M, with mean recovery% of 100.07 ± 0.80, 100.12 ± 0.76, and 100.07 ± 0.53, respectively. Validation parameters exhibited accuracy and precision, with accuracy results of 100.87 ± 0.89, 99.96 ± 0.42, and 99.82 ± 0.31, and LODs of 0.5 x 10-6, 1.0 x 10-7, and 0.2 x 10-6 for CIN, DMH, and DIP, respectively. The study highlighted benefits like speed, economy, and sustainability, emphasizing the electrode's reusability. SWOT analysis and environmental assessments further underscored its advantages, promising applications in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control.
{"title":"Green Electrochemical Sensing: Novel Ion-Selective Electrode Method for Precise Determination of Dimenhydrinate and its Metabolite along with Cinnarizine in Pharmaceutical and Plasma Samples","authors":"Shereen Hassan Boltia, E. M. Morgan, Reem H. Obaydo, Y. Fayez, M. Abdelkawy, H. Lotfy","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4ba4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4ba4","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Green and sustainable scientific research is crucial for health and environmental improvement. Electrochemical analysis simplifies complex processes, saving time and cost. Ion selective electrode method, a key in green analytical chemistry, was utilized. A highly selective solid contact sensor was developed for two applications, detecting cinnarizine (CIN) and dimenhydrinate (DMH) in pharmaceuticals, and identifying CIN and diphenhydramine (DIP) in human plasma. Careful selection of ionophores ensured accurate detection. Multi-wall carbon-nanotubes (MWCNTs) facilitate rapid and precise measurement. The concentration range for CIN, DMH, and DIP was 1 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−2 M, with mean recovery% of 100.07 ± 0.80, 100.12 ± 0.76, and 100.07 ± 0.53, respectively. Validation parameters exhibited accuracy and precision, with accuracy results of 100.87 ± 0.89, 99.96 ± 0.42, and 99.82 ± 0.31, and LODs of 0.5 x 10-6, 1.0 x 10-7, and 0.2 x 10-6 for CIN, DMH, and DIP, respectively. The study highlighted benefits like speed, economy, and sustainability, emphasizing the electrode's reusability. SWOT analysis and environmental assessments further underscored its advantages, promising applications in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MnMoO4 has excellent electrochemical properties and is widely used in the field of electrochemistry. In this study, MnMoO4 with rod-like structure was successfully prepared by simple solvothermal method and used as sensitive material for gas sensors. The gas sensing performance shows that the response of MnMoO4-based sensor to 50 ppm triethylamine is 224.2, which is 2.3 times higher than that of pure MoO3. That reason why MnMoO4 exhibits better sensitivity is that the increase of oxygen vacancy content gives the surface of MnMoO4 material abundant active sites. In addition, its large baseline resistance is also conducive to the improvement of gas sensitivity. These factors make the MnMoO4-based sensor exhibit high response to triethylamine. What’s more, the sensor also has excellent selectivity, satisfactory repeatability, and long-term stability to triethylamine under chemical sensitization and synergistic action. This work provides a new thinking for the application of MnMoO4 in gas sensors.
{"title":"Rod-Like MnMoO4 with Excellent Electrochemical Performance as Sensing Material to Detect Triethylamine","authors":"Shuai-Shuai Lv, Yu-Feng Liu, Si-Qi Jiao, Chuning Jiang, Cheng Zhang, Xiaohong Zheng","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4ba2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4ba2","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 MnMoO4 has excellent electrochemical properties and is widely used in the field of electrochemistry. In this study, MnMoO4 with rod-like structure was successfully prepared by simple solvothermal method and used as sensitive material for gas sensors. The gas sensing performance shows that the response of MnMoO4-based sensor to 50 ppm triethylamine is 224.2, which is 2.3 times higher than that of pure MoO3. That reason why MnMoO4 exhibits better sensitivity is that the increase of oxygen vacancy content gives the surface of MnMoO4 material abundant active sites. In addition, its large baseline resistance is also conducive to the improvement of gas sensitivity. These factors make the MnMoO4-based sensor exhibit high response to triethylamine. What’s more, the sensor also has excellent selectivity, satisfactory repeatability, and long-term stability to triethylamine under chemical sensitization and synergistic action. This work provides a new thinking for the application of MnMoO4 in gas sensors.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spherical graphite tailings (SGT) as the anode electrode for a lithium-ion battery not only improves the utilization value of SGT as solid waste, but also demonstrates the cleaner production of natural flake graphite (NG) compared with artificial graphite. However, SGT anodes present issues regarding rate performance and cycle stability due to the anisotropy structure and the instability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, a composite anode with isotropic structure was prepared by granulation of high-sulfur coal (HSC) and SGT, while an artificial SEI was prepared utilizing polyether amine/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PEA/PVP) crosslinked polymer. Results showed that the coke from HSC pyrolysis enhanced the isotropy of the composite anode and improved its rate performance. Compared with SGT, the capacity retention rate of the sample (OSGT-50%OHSC) after oxidation - pyrolysis at a high current density of 5.0 A g-1 increased from 7.2% to 25.8%. Additionally, the PEA/PVP artificial SEI strengthened the cycle stability of the anode. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rate increased from 22.5% to 70.3%. The artificial SEI effectively avoided direct contact between the anode and the electrolyte, increasing the initial coulombic efficiency from 70.3% to 77.1%.
球形石墨尾矿（SGT）作为锂离子电池的负极电极，不仅提高了固体废弃物 SGT 的利用价值，而且与人造石墨相比，还证明了天然鳞片石墨（NG）的清洁生产。然而，由于各向异性结构和固体电解质界面（SEI）的不稳定性，SGT 阳极在速率性能和循环稳定性方面存在问题。在这项工作中，通过对高硫煤（HSC）和 SGT 进行造粒，制备了具有各向同性结构的复合阳极，同时利用聚醚胺/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PEA/PVP）交联聚合物制备了人工 SEI。结果表明，HSC 高温分解产生的焦炭增强了复合阳极的各向同性，提高了其速率性能。与 SGT 相比，样品（OSGT-50%OHSC）在 5.0 A g-1 的高电流密度下氧化-热解后的容量保持率从 7.2% 提高到 25.8%。此外，PEA/PVP 人工 SEI 还增强了阳极的循环稳定性。循环 1000 次后，容量保持率从 22.5% 提高到 70.3%。人工 SEI 有效地避免了阳极与电解质之间的直接接触，将初始库仑效率从 70.3% 提高到 77.1%。
{"title":"Isotropic Structure and Polymer Interface Intensified Lithium-Ion Transmission in Spherical Graphite Tailings/Coke Composite Anode","authors":"kaixuan Bian, Yue Meng, Yu Fu, Lili Feng, Zhi Wang, Junhao Liu, Xuzhong Gong","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad4b5e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4b5e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spherical graphite tailings (SGT) as the anode electrode for a lithium-ion battery not only improves the utilization value of SGT as solid waste, but also demonstrates the cleaner production of natural flake graphite (NG) compared with artificial graphite. However, SGT anodes present issues regarding rate performance and cycle stability due to the anisotropy structure and the instability of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, a composite anode with isotropic structure was prepared by granulation of high-sulfur coal (HSC) and SGT, while an artificial SEI was prepared utilizing polyether amine/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PEA/PVP) crosslinked polymer. Results showed that the coke from HSC pyrolysis enhanced the isotropy of the composite anode and improved its rate performance. Compared with SGT, the capacity retention rate of the sample (OSGT-50%OHSC) after oxidation - pyrolysis at a high current density of 5.0 A g-1 increased from 7.2% to 25.8%. Additionally, the PEA/PVP artificial SEI strengthened the cycle stability of the anode. After 1000 cycles, the capacity retention rate increased from 22.5% to 70.3%. The artificial SEI effectively avoided direct contact between the anode and the electrolyte, increasing the initial coulombic efficiency from 70.3% to 77.1%.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140982153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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