Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad5620
Fiza Majeed, Hasan Jamal, Urooj Kamran, Muhammad Noman, Muqaddas Muhammad Ali, Tahreem Shahzad, Mirza Mahmood Baig, Farid Akhtar
The rising energy density and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose a growing safety challenge, marked by the potential for fires and explosions. Given the unique combustion characteristics of LIBs, the need for efficient and prompt fire suppression is paramount. Here we explore the mechanisms and characteristics of LIBs fires, emphasizing the critical design principles for effective fire-extinguishing agents and evaluating various agents, including gaseous, dry powders, water-based, aerosol-based, and composite-based fire-extinguishing agents, elucidating their mechanisms and effectiveness in suppressing LIBs fires. Noteworthy agents such as C6F12O and water-based solutions are highlighted for their superior extinguishing and cooling capabilities. Water-based fire-extinguishing agents show promise, exhibiting superior cooling capacity and anti-flash properties. Despite certain limitations, the review underscores the necessity of identifying an ideal fire-extinguishing agent that is thermally conductive, electrically insulating, cost-effective, non-toxic, residue-free, and capable of absorbing toxic gases. We conclude by discussing perspectives and outlooks, emphasizing the synergy between the ideal agent and innovative extinguishing strategies to ensure the high safety standards of current and future LIB-based technologies.
{"title":"Review—Recent Advances in Fire-Suppressing Agents for Mitigating Lithium-Ion Battery Fires","authors":"Fiza Majeed, Hasan Jamal, Urooj Kamran, Muhammad Noman, Muqaddas Muhammad Ali, Tahreem Shahzad, Mirza Mahmood Baig, Farid Akhtar","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5620","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The rising energy density and widespread use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) pose a growing safety challenge, marked by the potential for fires and explosions. Given the unique combustion characteristics of LIBs, the need for efficient and prompt fire suppression is paramount. Here we explore the mechanisms and characteristics of LIBs fires, emphasizing the critical design principles for effective fire-extinguishing agents and evaluating various agents, including gaseous, dry powders, water-based, aerosol-based, and composite-based fire-extinguishing agents, elucidating their mechanisms and effectiveness in suppressing LIBs fires. Noteworthy agents such as C6F12O and water-based solutions are highlighted for their superior extinguishing and cooling capabilities. Water-based fire-extinguishing agents show promise, exhibiting superior cooling capacity and anti-flash properties. Despite certain limitations, the review underscores the necessity of identifying an ideal fire-extinguishing agent that is thermally conductive, electrically insulating, cost-effective, non-toxic, residue-free, and capable of absorbing toxic gases. We conclude by discussing perspectives and outlooks, emphasizing the synergy between the ideal agent and innovative extinguishing strategies to ensure the high safety standards of current and future LIB-based technologies.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"106 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141361453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad54f1
J. K. Lee, Grace Lau, Fengyu Shen, Anyka M. Bergeson-Keller, Xiong Peng, Mike Tucker
The imperative shift towards decarbonization necessitates the production of clean hydrogen through water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources. Among electrolyzer technologies, proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) systems emerge as a promising option for large-scale hydrogen generation due to their modular design and rapid response, aligning well with the intermittency of renewable energy. In this study, we employ a tape casting method to fabricate microporous layers (MPLs), both as a single layer and as a bilayer over commercial porous transport layers (PTLs), to further enhance performance of water electrolyzers. We demonstrate that microporous layers require adequate pore sizes to facilitate gas removal, preventing gas flooding and preserving electrolyzer performance. Our single layer microporous layers exhibit lower overpotentials compared to commercial sintered Ti PTLs by 142 mV at 4 A·cm⁻². Moreover, we show that having an effective microporous layer enhances electrolyzer performance irrespective of the substrate used, offering avenues for cost reduction. We also investigate novel PTL structures with reduced tortuosity and integrated MPL fabricated via phase inversion tape casting, resulting in a performance enhancement of 92 mV. Our findings unravel the critical role of microporous layer structures and their impact on electrolyzer performance.
{"title":"Pioneering Microporous Layers for Proton-Exchange-Membrane Water Electrolyzers via Tape Casting","authors":"J. K. Lee, Grace Lau, Fengyu Shen, Anyka M. Bergeson-Keller, Xiong Peng, Mike Tucker","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad54f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad54f1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The imperative shift towards decarbonization necessitates the production of clean hydrogen through water electrolysis, powered by renewable energy sources. Among electrolyzer technologies, proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) systems emerge as a promising option for large-scale hydrogen generation due to their modular design and rapid response, aligning well with the intermittency of renewable energy. In this study, we employ a tape casting method to fabricate microporous layers (MPLs), both as a single layer and as a bilayer over commercial porous transport layers (PTLs), to further enhance performance of water electrolyzers. We demonstrate that microporous layers require adequate pore sizes to facilitate gas removal, preventing gas flooding and preserving electrolyzer performance. Our single layer microporous layers exhibit lower overpotentials compared to commercial sintered Ti PTLs by 142 mV at 4 A·cm⁻². Moreover, we show that having an effective microporous layer enhances electrolyzer performance irrespective of the substrate used, offering avenues for cost reduction. We also investigate novel PTL structures with reduced tortuosity and integrated MPL fabricated via phase inversion tape casting, resulting in a performance enhancement of 92 mV. Our findings unravel the critical role of microporous layer structures and their impact on electrolyzer performance.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"131 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141376982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad546e
Shihzad Shakil, Dajing Yuan, Maoguo Li
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a vital neurotransmitter in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Disturbances in its transmission are linked to serious diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Detecting ACh concentrations in biological samples is critical for understanding and managing these conditions. This review examines the latest advancements in electrochemical sensors for ACh detection, highlighting their principles, methodologies, and applications. Various sensor types, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, potentiometric and conductometric methods are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of using electrochemical methods for ACh detection, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Further research needs to focus on innovative materials and techniques to overcome current challenges and improve the practical application of ACh detection in clinical settings.
乙酰胆碱（ACh）是外周和中枢神经系统中的一种重要神经递质。乙酰胆碱传递紊乱与帕金森症和阿尔茨海默氏症等严重疾病有关。检测生物样本中 ACh 的浓度对于了解和控制这些疾病至关重要。本综述探讨了用于检测 ACh 的电化学传感器的最新进展，重点介绍其原理、方法和应用。详细讨论了各种传感器类型，包括酶和非酶传感器、电位计和电导计方法。重点介绍了使用电化学方法检测 ACh 的优势，如高灵敏度、高选择性和快速响应时间。进一步的研究需要关注创新材料和技术，以克服当前的挑战，提高 ACh 检测在临床环境中的实际应用。
{"title":"Review—Electrochemical Sensors for Acetylcholine Detection","authors":"Shihzad Shakil, Dajing Yuan, Maoguo Li","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad546e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad546e","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Acetylcholine (ACh) is a vital neurotransmitter in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Disturbances in its transmission are linked to serious diseases such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s. Detecting ACh concentrations in biological samples is critical for understanding and managing these conditions. This review examines the latest advancements in electrochemical sensors for ACh detection, highlighting their principles, methodologies, and applications. Various sensor types, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic sensors, potentiometric and conductometric methods are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on the advantages of using electrochemical methods for ACh detection, such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. Further research needs to focus on innovative materials and techniques to overcome current challenges and improve the practical application of ACh detection in clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"42 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad546f
Miguel Angel Abrego Tello, Mahsa Lotfi Marchoubeh, Ingrid Fritsch
The suitability of electrochemical methods for quantitative measurements at microdevices is influenced by the relatively large electrode-insulator interface-to-electrode area ratio, greatly impacting charging dynamics due to interactions among electrolyte and conductor/insulator materials. The resulting charging current can overwhelm the current from redox chemistry. The device studied here features a 70-µm×100-µm electroactive window, hosts gold coplanar microband electrodes, and is insulated by SU-8, which serves as both overlayer and substrate. The overlayer defines the electroactive length and isolates the leads of the electrodes from the sample solution. Cyclic voltammetry in 0.10 M KCl yields unexpected, nonlinear dependence of current on scan rate, which can be explained with two empirical approaches. The first employs an equivalent circuit, involving leakage resistance and double-layer capacitance in parallel, to address both background processes and electrode imperfections as a function of scan rate. The second associates the enhanced current to a changing-chargeable area resulting from interface irregularities. Prior publications on alternative conductor-insulator materials are benchmarked in this study. The comparison of the materials shows that charging dynamics for devices made with SU-8 lead to more favorable electrochemical performance than for those constructed with glass, epoxy, and silicon nitride, and under certain circumstances, polyimide and Tefzel.
{"title":"Modeling Charging Current Dynamics at Microelectrodes and their Interfaces with Electrolyte and Insulators with a Focus on Microfabricated Gold Microband Electrodes on an SU-8 Substrate","authors":"Miguel Angel Abrego Tello, Mahsa Lotfi Marchoubeh, Ingrid Fritsch","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad546f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad546f","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The suitability of electrochemical methods for quantitative measurements at microdevices is influenced by the relatively large electrode-insulator interface-to-electrode area ratio, greatly impacting charging dynamics due to interactions among electrolyte and conductor/insulator materials. The resulting charging current can overwhelm the current from redox chemistry. The device studied here features a 70-µm×100-µm electroactive window, hosts gold coplanar microband electrodes, and is insulated by SU-8, which serves as both overlayer and substrate. The overlayer defines the electroactive length and isolates the leads of the electrodes from the sample solution. Cyclic voltammetry in 0.10 M KCl yields unexpected, nonlinear dependence of current on scan rate, which can be explained with two empirical approaches. The first employs an equivalent circuit, involving leakage resistance and double-layer capacitance in parallel, to address both background processes and electrode imperfections as a function of scan rate. The second associates the enhanced current to a changing-chargeable area resulting from interface irregularities. Prior publications on alternative conductor-insulator materials are benchmarked in this study. The comparison of the materials shows that charging dynamics for devices made with SU-8 lead to more favorable electrochemical performance than for those constructed with glass, epoxy, and silicon nitride, and under certain circumstances, polyimide and Tefzel.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"9 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad5408
Edmund J.F. Dickinson, Oliver Rodríguez
Theoretical models used to describe the catalyst layers (CLs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are reviewed, with a focus on continuum treatments as incorporated in device-scale models used to predict and optimise PEMFC operating performance. Consideration is given to the mathematical relationships between CL design properties (Pt/C mass ratio, catalyst loading, ionomer loading), and physical properties. Relevant physical models are summarised, considering couplings between the CL and the phenomena of charge transfer, reactant mass transfer, hydrogen oxidation, and oxygen reduction electrode kinetics, heat transfer, and water balance. The relevance of thin film methods (through-thickness homogenisation) is compared to those resolving the macroscopic depth of the CL. Specific continuum homogenisations of microstructural models incorporating CL transport limitations in a continuum treatment, such as the agglomerate model, are discussed.
{"title":"Review—Modelling Catalyst Layer Performance in Device-Scale Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Simulation","authors":"Edmund J.F. Dickinson, Oliver Rodríguez","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5408","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Theoretical models used to describe the catalyst layers (CLs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are reviewed, with a focus on continuum treatments as incorporated in device-scale models used to predict and optimise PEMFC operating performance. Consideration is given to the mathematical relationships between CL design properties (Pt/C mass ratio, catalyst loading, ionomer loading), and physical properties. Relevant physical models are summarised, considering couplings between the CL and the phenomena of charge transfer, reactant mass transfer, hydrogen oxidation, and oxygen reduction electrode kinetics, heat transfer, and water balance. The relevance of thin film methods (through-thickness homogenisation) is compared to those resolving the macroscopic depth of the CL. Specific continuum homogenisations of microstructural models incorporating CL transport limitations in a continuum treatment, such as the agglomerate model, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad541a
C. Lema, Alejandro Álvarez‐Lueje, R. Moscoso, Juan Squella
Nicarbazin, an anticoccidial drug, is a molecular complex comprising 4,4’-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The low solubility of DNC in water (below 0.02 mg/L) necessitates the use of extraction methods for analysis. Traditional DNC determination methods are time consuming, and involve prolonged sample preparation, extraction procedures, and high costs,. This study presents the results of electrochemical analysis of DNC using an innovative electrode platform composed of bucky paper disks made from a blend of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polystyrene (MWCNT/PS/BP). The electroanalytical approach includes an initial adsorption stage of DNC on the electrode platform, followed by its subsequent reduction, capitalizing on the reducibility of the nitro groups within DNC. The analytical parameters of this method are favorable, featuring an average recovery value of 100.22 ± 7.87, a linear range of 2.011-15.112 mgL-1, a sensitivity of 1.58 µAmg-1L, LOQ (limit of quantification) of 1.33 mg/L-1, and LOD (limit of detection) of 0.40 mgL-1.
{"title":"Electrochemical Nicarbazin Analysis: Rapid Determination on Bucky Paper Disks Constructed from MWCNT","authors":"C. Lema, Alejandro Álvarez‐Lueje, R. Moscoso, Juan Squella","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad541a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad541a","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Nicarbazin, an anticoccidial drug, is a molecular complex comprising 4,4’-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) in a 1:1 molar ratio. The low solubility of DNC in water (below 0.02 mg/L) necessitates the use of extraction methods for analysis. Traditional DNC determination methods are time consuming, and involve prolonged sample preparation, extraction procedures, and high costs,. This study presents the results of electrochemical analysis of DNC using an innovative electrode platform composed of bucky paper disks made from a blend of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and polystyrene (MWCNT/PS/BP). The electroanalytical approach includes an initial adsorption stage of DNC on the electrode platform, followed by its subsequent reduction, capitalizing on the reducibility of the nitro groups within DNC. The analytical parameters of this method are favorable, featuring an average recovery value of 100.22 ± 7.87, a linear range of 2.011-15.112 mgL-1, a sensitivity of 1.58 µAmg-1L, LOQ (limit of quantification) of 1.33 mg/L-1, and LOD (limit of detection) of 0.40 mgL-1.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"7 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad5409
Miguel Angel Abrego Tello, Mahsa Lotfi Marchoubeh, Ingrid Fritsch
Optimization of redox-cycling currents was performed by adjusting the height (sidewalls, h), width (w) ,and length (l) of band electrodes and their spacing (wgap) in coplanar arrays restricted to a small-electroactive window of 70 × 100 µm. These arrays can function in µL-volumes for chemical analysis (e.g., in vivo dopamine detection using probes). Experiments were conducted with an array of five electrodes (NE = 5), w = 4.3 µm, wgap = 3.7 µm, h = 0.150 µm, and l = 99.2 µm. Reasons for disparities between currents from experiments and approximate equations were determined by high-density mesh simulations and were found to arise from sluggish heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and diffusion at electrode ends, edges, and heights. Ferricyanide, with its moderately slow kinetics, exhibits redox-cycling currents that fall below predictions by the equations as wgap decreases and diffusional flux outpaces reaction rates. Simulations aid investigations of various array designs, achievable through conventional photolithography, by decreasing w and wgap and increasing NE to fit within the electroactive window. A coplanar array, NE = 58, w = wgap = 0.6 µm, h = 0.150 µm and l = 100 µm, yielded ferricyanide sensitivities of 0.266, 0.259 nA·µM−1, enhancements of 8× and 9× over w = wgap = 4 µm, and projected dopamine limits of quantification of 139 nM, 171 nM at generator and collector electrodes, respectively
{"title":"In Situ and 2D and 3D in Silico Redox Cycling Studies for Design Optimization of Coplanar Arrays of Microband Electrodes in a 70 µm × 100 µm Electroactive Footprint","authors":"Miguel Angel Abrego Tello, Mahsa Lotfi Marchoubeh, Ingrid Fritsch","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad5409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad5409","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Optimization of redox-cycling currents was performed by adjusting the height (sidewalls, h), width (w) ,and length (l) of band electrodes and their spacing (wgap) in coplanar arrays restricted to a small-electroactive window of 70 × 100 µm. These arrays can function in µL-volumes for chemical analysis (e.g., in vivo dopamine detection using probes). Experiments were conducted with an array of five electrodes (NE = 5), w = 4.3 µm, wgap = 3.7 µm, h = 0.150 µm, and l = 99.2 µm. Reasons for disparities between currents from experiments and approximate equations were determined by high-density mesh simulations and were found to arise from sluggish heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and diffusion at electrode ends, edges, and heights. Ferricyanide, with its moderately slow kinetics, exhibits redox-cycling currents that fall below predictions by the equations as wgap decreases and diffusional flux outpaces reaction rates. Simulations aid investigations of various array designs, achievable through conventional photolithography, by decreasing w and wgap and increasing NE to fit within the electroactive window. A coplanar array, NE = 58, w = wgap = 0.6 µm, h = 0.150 µm and l = 100 µm, yielded ferricyanide sensitivities of 0.266, 0.259 nA·µM−1, enhancements of 8× and 9× over w = wgap = 4 µm, and projected dopamine limits of quantification of 139 nM, 171 nM at generator and collector electrodes, respectively","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"8 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141265465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad541c
S. J. Robertson, Jinping Cheng, Minhua Shao
In recent years, there has been growing demand for the monitoring of ascorbic acid levels, especially in underdeveloped populations where ascorbic acid deficiency affects up to 74% of individuals. To facilitate widespread ascorbic acid screening, we have developed a highly scalable conductive polymer nanocomposite with excellent ascorbic acid sensing performance. The material is based on polyaniline, which is deposited in a single step in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto carbon paper. The modified electrodes take advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of polyaniline toward ascorbic acid, which are boosted by the proton donating polystyrene sulfonate polymer and the high surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The morphology and composition of the composite are characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the electrochemical characteristics are examined using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode shows good ascorbic acid sensing characteristics, with a linear range of 1-400 µM, a sensitivity of 546 µA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection of 0.11 µM. High performance and low cost results in a promising platform to support the widespread, cheap monitoring of ascorbic acid deficiency.
{"title":"One-Pot Electrodeposition of a PANI:PSS/MWCNT Nanocomposite on Carbon Paper for Scalable Determination of Ascorbic Acid","authors":"S. J. Robertson, Jinping Cheng, Minhua Shao","doi":"10.1149/1945-7111/ad541c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad541c","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, there has been growing demand for the monitoring of ascorbic acid levels, especially in underdeveloped populations where ascorbic acid deficiency affects up to 74% of individuals. To facilitate widespread ascorbic acid screening, we have developed a highly scalable conductive polymer nanocomposite with excellent ascorbic acid sensing performance. The material is based on polyaniline, which is deposited in a single step in the presence of polystyrene sulfonate and multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto carbon paper. The modified electrodes take advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of polyaniline toward ascorbic acid, which are boosted by the proton donating polystyrene sulfonate polymer and the high surface area of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The morphology and composition of the composite are characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the electrochemical characteristics are examined using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode shows good ascorbic acid sensing characteristics, with a linear range of 1-400 µM, a sensitivity of 546 µA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection of 0.11 µM. High performance and low cost results in a promising platform to support the widespread, cheap monitoring of ascorbic acid deficiency.","PeriodicalId":509718,"journal":{"name":"Journal of The Electrochemical Society","volume":"77 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad541e
Aroonsri Ngamaroonchote, Kullavadee Karn-orachai
A novel developed non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was designed for the detection of lactic acid (LA) in perishable products, with a focus on monitoring milk spoilage. The sensor utilizes a hybrid copper-based electrode consisting of cuprous oxide (Cu2O), copper oxide (CuO), and copper hydroxide (Cu(OH)2), which collectively contribute to enhanced performance through their synergistic effects. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed distinct oxidation peaks associated with LA detection, highlighting the superior catalytic effect of the Cu2O/CuO/Cu(OH)2 electrode compared to CuO alone. Further optimization of the metal loading on the electrode surface led to improve LA sensing properties. The sensor exhibited a wide linear response range (0.25-7 mM), high sensitivity (817.66 μA·mM−1·cm−2), and a low limit of detection (0.25 mM). Selectivity tests indicated negligible interference from common dairy product constituents, while stability tests showed consistent performance over a 3 week storage period (100% stability). The practical usability of the sensor was demonstrated through the quantitative analysis of LA in pasteurized milk, with recovery values ranging from 99.7% to 106.9%, confirming the feasibility of the sensor for real sample analysis. The developed multiphase copper-based electrode presents a promising platform for the sensitive and reliable detection of LA within the dairy industry.
为检测易腐产品中的乳酸 (LA) 设计了一种新开发的非酶电化学传感器，重点用于监测牛奶的腐败情况。该传感器采用了由氧化亚铜（Cu2O）、氧化铜（CuO）和氢氧化铜（Cu(OH)2）组成的铜基混合电极，它们通过协同作用共同提高了传感器的性能。循环伏安研究揭示了与 LA 检测相关的独特氧化峰，凸显了 Cu2O/CuO/Cu(OH)2 电极比单独使用 CuO 更优越的催化效果。进一步优化电极表面的金属负载可提高 LA 的传感性能。该传感器的线性响应范围宽（0.25-7 mM），灵敏度高（817.66 μA-mM-1-cm-2），检出限低（0.25 mM）。选择性测试表明，常见乳制品成分的干扰可忽略不计，而稳定性测试表明，该传感器在 3 周的储存期内性能稳定（100% 稳定）。通过对巴氏杀菌奶中的 LA 进行定量分析，证明了该传感器的实用性，回收率从 99.7% 到 106.9%，证实了该传感器在实际样品分析中的可行性。所开发的多相铜基电极为乳制品行业灵敏可靠地检测 LA 提供了一个前景广阔的平台。
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Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ad541b
Ramona Georgescu-State, J. V. van Staden, Raluca‐Ioana Stefan‐van Staden, R. State, Florica Papa
Allura red (AR) is classified as an azo dye and is often used as a beverage and food additive. Nevertheless, the need for dose management of Allura red becomes especially important owing to the potential damage caused by the azo structure to the human body and the environment. In order to combat these problems, a novel portable electrochemical platform using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) that has been modified with poly(pyrrole) and Co-Ni bimetallic nanocomposites anchored on reduced graphene oxide (Co-Ni@rGO) was developed. The purpose of this platform is to enable rapid on-site and very sensitive determination of Allura red from carbonated energy beverages and water samples. Under ideal experimental conditions, the proposed platform's response exhibits a notable linear relationship with the concentration of Allura red within the range of 0.0001-10 µM, having a very low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.03 nM and a high sensitivity of 24.62 μA μM-1 cm-2. Furthermore, the PPy/Co-Ni@rGO/SPCE platform exhibited favorable characteristics in terms of reproducibility, repeatability, stability, and selectivity for the quantification of Allura red. Consequently, the developed platform was capable of practically and effectively determining the Allura red dye content from various real samples, showing satisfactory recovery rates.
杜鹃红（AR）被归类为偶氮染料，通常用作饮料和食品添加剂。然而，由于偶氮结构可能对人体和环境造成损害，因此对 Allura 红进行剂量管理就变得尤为重要。为了解决这些问题，我们开发了一种新型便携式电化学平台，该平台使用丝网印刷碳电极 (SPCE)，该电极使用聚吡咯和锚定在还原氧化石墨烯上的钴镍双金属纳米复合材料 (Co-Ni@rGO) 进行改性。该平台旨在现场快速、灵敏地测定碳酸饮料和水样中的 Allura 红。在理想的实验条件下，该平台的响应与 Allura 红的浓度在 0.0001-10 µM 范围内呈显著的线性关系，检测限（LOD）极低，为 0.03 nM，灵敏度高，为 24.62 μA μM-1 cm-2。此外，PPy/Co-Ni@rGO/SPCE 平台在 Allura 红的定量方面表现出良好的重现性、可重复性、稳定性和选择性。因此，所开发的平台能够切实有效地测定各种实际样品中的 Allura 红染料含量，并显示出令人满意的回收率。
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