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Bismuth-Containing Oxides as Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Hydrocarbons 含铋氧化物作为烃类氧化偶联催化剂的研究
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949408013919
E. A. Mamedov
Abstract Some bismuth-containing oxides, such as bismuth molybdates, are known to be effective catalysts for so-called allylic oxidation of C3-C4 olefins including partial oxidation to unsaturated aldehyde, oxidative dehydrogenation to diolefin, and ammoxidation to corresponding nitrile. This type of catalyst is well studied and repeatedly reviewed [1–3]. Its high effectiveness can be interpreted within a dual-site concept according to which hydrocarbon adsorbs on an active site associated with one of the metal oxide components while oxygen adsorbs on an active site associated with another metal oxide component. For instance, the authors [4, 5] assume a bismuth center to be responsible for the hydrocarbon conversion to an allylic species which then reacts further at a molybdenum site to produce aldehyde.
一些含铋氧化物,如钼酸铋,是C3-C4烯烃烯丙基氧化的有效催化剂,包括部分氧化生成不饱和醛、氧化脱氢生成二烯烃和氨氧化生成相应的腈。这种类型的催化剂已经得到了很好的研究和反复的回顾[1-3]。它的高效可以用双位点概念来解释,根据碳氢化合物吸附在与一种金属氧化物成分相关的活性位点上,而氧吸附在与另一种金属氧化物成分相关的活性位点上。例如,作者[4,5]假设铋中心负责碳氢化合物转化为烯丙基,然后在钼位点进一步反应产生醛。
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引用次数: 14
Carbonaceous Deposits as Catalysts for Oxydehydrogenation of Alkylbenzenes 碳质沉积物作为烷基苯氧脱氢催化剂的研究
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949408013920
A. Lisovskii, C. Aharoni
Abstract The main industrial methods for the production of styrene and α-methylstyrene are the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene and isopropylbenzene using mixed oxide catalysts: These reactions are endothermic and reversible, they take place at high temperatures (853–923 K), and their reversibility thermodynamically limits the yields of the products. Displacement of the equilibrium toward the formation of the vinylbenzenes is generally achieved by lowering the partial pressure of the reacting alkylbenzenes by diluting them in steam, heated to 973 K.
工业上生产苯乙烯和α-甲基苯乙烯的主要方法是使用混合氧化物催化剂对乙苯和异丙苯进行脱氢反应,这些反应是吸热可逆的,在高温(853-923 K)下进行,其可逆性从热力学上限制了产物的产率。通常通过在加热到973 K的蒸汽中稀释烷基苯来降低反应的分压,从而使平衡向乙烯苯的形成方向偏移。
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引用次数: 95
Aromatic Hydrogenation Catalysis: A Review 芳香族加氢催化研究进展
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949408013921
A. Stanislaus, B. Cooper
Abstract High aromatic content in diesel fuel has been recognized both to lower the fuel quality and to contribute significantly to the formation of undesired emissions in exhaust gases [1, 2]. Because of the health hazards associated with these emissions, environmental regulations governing the composition of diesel fuels are being tightened in both Europe and the United States, leading to limitations on aromatics [3, 4].
柴油中芳香族含量过高,不仅会降低燃料质量,而且会在废气中产生不良排放[1,2]。由于与这些排放物有关的健康危害,欧洲和美国正在收紧管理柴油燃料成分的环境法规,从而限制芳烃[3,4]。
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引用次数: 701
Preparation of SiO2- and Al2O3-supported clusters of Pt group metals 铂族金属SiO2和al2o3负载团簇的制备
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949408013923
R. González, H. Miura
Abstract The preparation and characterization of supported bimetallic clusters has been an active area of research following the initial pioneering efforts of Sinfelt in the late 1960s and early 1970s [1–3]. Because of the importance of supported bimetallic and multimetallic catalysts in industrial applications such as petroleum reforming and the control of automotive exhaust emissions, research on better ways of synthesizing and characterizing these catalytic materials is continuing to advance, as evidenced by the very large number of research papers which have recently appeared in the literature. Of particular interest are the preparative variables which control the formation of bimetallic particles.
自20世纪60年代末和70年代初Sinfelt的开创性努力以来,负载双金属团簇的制备和表征一直是一个活跃的研究领域[1-3]。由于负载型双金属和多金属催化剂在石油重整和汽车尾气排放控制等工业应用中的重要性,对合成和表征这些催化材料的更好方法的研究正在继续推进,最近出现的大量研究论文证明了这一点。特别令人感兴趣的是控制双金属颗粒形成的制备变量。
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引用次数: 22
Alcohol Reactivity on Zeolites and Molecular Sieves 醇在沸石和分子筛上的反应性
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949408013922
Cvetana P. Bezoukhanova, Y. Kalvachev
Abstract Zeolites and molecular sieves have been extensively studied and applied in different fields. Their specific crystalline structure and composition make it possible to obtain high-activity stable catalyst systems for a wide range of chemical reactions. There are many investigations on the structural characteristics and adsorption and catalytic properties of zeolites and molecular sieves as well as on the relation between the different properties. The nature of active sites in zeolite catalysts and the mechanism of catalytic processes on their surface belong to the most important problems of the investigations.
沸石和分子筛在不同的领域得到了广泛的研究和应用。它们特殊的晶体结构和组成使得获得高活性稳定的催化剂体系成为可能,用于广泛的化学反应。沸石和分子筛的结构特征、吸附和催化性能以及不同性能之间的关系已得到广泛的研究。沸石催化剂中活性位点的性质及其表面催化过程的机理是研究的重点。
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引用次数: 35
Problem of coke formation on Ni/ZrO2 catalysts during the carbon dioxide reforming of methane 甲烷二氧化碳重整过程中Ni/ZrO2催化剂上结焦的问题
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0167-2991(08)62737-8
W. Hally, J. H. Bitter, K. Seshan, J. Lercher, J. Ross
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引用次数: 23
Chemistry, Catalysts, and Processes for Isoparaffin–Olefin Alkylation: Actual Situation and Future Trends 异石蜡-烯烃烷基化的化学、催化剂和工艺:现状和未来趋势
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013916
A. Corma, Agustín Martínez
Abstract As a consequence of the Clean Air Act (CAA), beginning in 1990, USA refiners were forced to change their strategy in order to meet the new mandatory specifications on gasoline composition. The targets established by the CAA were directed to overcoming environmental problems by reducing the ground-level ozone-forming and carbon monoxide emissions from vehicles, as well as toxic hydrocarbons and SO, and NO, emissions in auto exhausts. In order to accomplish this, gasolines had to move in the following direction: Reduce volatility: that is, lower Reid vapor pressure (RVP), especially during summer months, in order to reduce ozone levels. This can be achieved by removing butanes and even C, from the gasoline. Limitations in the aromatic content, with special emphasis on benzene. This can be solved by reducing reformate severity and/or by reducing the upper cut of the fluid catalytically cracked (FCC) gas-oline. Increased amount ofoxygenates, in which MTBE and TAME are preferred, especially in the car...
作为清洁空气法案(CAA)的结果,从1990年开始,美国炼油商被迫改变他们的战略,以满足新的强制性规格的汽油成分。CAA制定的目标是通过减少地面臭氧形成和车辆一氧化碳的排放,以及汽车尾气中有毒碳氢化合物、SO和NO的排放,来克服环境问题。为了实现这一目标,汽油必须朝着以下方向发展:减少挥发性:即降低Reid蒸气压(RVP),特别是在夏季,以减少臭氧水平。这可以通过从汽油中去除丁烷甚至碳来实现。限制在芳香族的含量,特别强调苯。这可以通过降低重整程度和/或降低流体催化裂化(FCC)汽油的上限来解决。含氧量增加,其中MTBE和TAME是首选,特别是在汽车中…
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引用次数: 316
Merox and Related Metal Phthalocyanine Catalyzed Oxidation Processes Merox和相关金属酞菁催化氧化过程
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013917
B. Basu, S. Satapathy, A. K. Bhatnagar
Abstract Alkyl and aromatic mercaptans are among important organic sulfur compounds distributed in petroleum products. The mercaptans cause foul odor and are corrosive toward metals. In addition, mercaptans may cause oxidative deterioration as well as inhibit the performance of various additives (TEL, antioxidants) in finished products. Therefore, it is necessary to remove them, either by extractive processes or by converting them into innocuous disulfides. Such processes are usually referred to as “sweetening.”
烷基硫醇和芳香硫醇是石油产品中重要的有机含硫化合物。硫醇产生恶臭,对金属有腐蚀性。此外,硫醇可能引起氧化变质,并抑制成品中各种添加剂(TEL,抗氧化剂)的性能。因此,有必要通过萃取工艺或将其转化为无害的二硫化物来去除它们。这样的过程通常被称为“增甜”。
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引用次数: 155
Nitric oxide catalysis in automotive exhaust systems 汽车排气系统中的一氧化氮催化作用
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013915
K. Taylor
Abstract This review covers the literature through 1991 on nitric oxide catalysis as applied to automobile exhaust systems. Attention is given to the threeway catalyst system which simultaneously promotes the reduction of nitrogen oxides and the oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. These systems have been used on most passenger cars in the United States since 1982. Prior to 1980, emission control catalysts were oxidation catalysts, and reduction in exhaust nitric oxide was achieved using engine modifications (i.e., exhaust gas recirculation). This review focuses on catalytic control of NO, for gasoline-fueled vehicles (not diesels and alternate fuels) and primarily on developments reported since 1982. The term NO, refers to both NO and NOz. The reader is referred to an earlier publication by the author for a general review of automobile catalytic converters [1] and to a review by Egelhoff [2] on the nitric oxide literature through 1980. The recent literature on NO, reduction in lean exhaust is c...
摘要本文综述了截至1991年有关一氧化氮催化应用于汽车排气系统的文献。研究了同时促进氮氧化物还原、一氧化碳和碳氢化合物氧化的三元催化体系。自1982年以来,这些系统已经在美国的大多数乘用车上使用。在1980年之前,排放控制催化剂是氧化催化剂,通过对发动机进行改造(即废气再循环)来减少废气中的一氧化氮。这篇综述的重点是汽油燃料车辆(不是柴油和替代燃料)的NO催化控制,主要是1982年以来报道的发展。“NO”一词既指NO,也指NOz。读者可以参考作者早期发表的关于汽车催化转化器的综述[1],以及Egelhoff[2]关于1980年之前一氧化氮文献的综述。最近关于NO的文献,精益废气的减少是c…
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引用次数: 665
Nucleation, Growth, and TEM Analysis of Metal Particles and Clusters Deposited in UHV 金属颗粒和团簇在特高压下的成核、生长和TEM分析
IF 10.9 2区 化学 Q1 Chemistry Pub Date : 1993-08-01 DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013911
H. Poppa
Abstract It has been established for some time [1, 2] that small supported metal particles can be reproducibly prepared in a controlled way by ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) deposition onto planar supports. Such planar deposits have been employed in the past to study the physical [3–11] and chemical [12–20] properties of mesoscopic metal aggregates. In these studies, the emphasis has usually been placed on pointing out the differences in particle properties with respect to the bulk properties of the same material. Although it has often been found that the electronic properties reach bulk values at surprisingly small cluster sizes of about 30 to 50 atoms, it has also been observed that the chemical properties can change over a much wider particle size range [21] for structure-sensitive reactions [22]. Furthermore, it is generally realized that particle size alone is usually not the only important parameter but that the influence of the support in terms of electronic, structural, chemical, and morphological particl...
摘要一段时间以来[1,2]已经确定,通过超高真空(UHV)沉积在平面支架上,可以以可控的方式可重复性地制备小的支撑金属颗粒。这种平面矿床过去已被用于研究介观金属聚集体的物理[3-11]和化学[12-20]性质。在这些研究中,重点通常放在指出颗粒性质相对于同一材料的体积性质的差异上。虽然人们经常发现,电子性质在大约30到50个原子的小簇尺寸下达到体积值,但也观察到,对于结构敏感反应[22],化学性质可以在更大的粒径范围内改变[21]。此外,人们普遍认识到,粒径本身通常不是唯一重要的参数,而是支持在电子,结构,化学和形态颗粒方面的影响。
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引用次数: 82
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Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering
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