Pub Date : 1993-08-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013910
M. Zwinkels, S. Järås, P. G. Menon, T. Griffin
Abstract Catalytic combustion, as an alternative to conventional thermal combustion, has received considerable attention during the past decade. Research efforts have been promoted by the need to meet governmental demands concerning pollution and the wish to use energy sources more efficiently. The two main advantages offered by catalytic combustors over flame combustors apply to these goals: Catalytic combustion can be carried out over a wide range of fuel concentrations in air and at low temperatures. These low temperatures result in attaining NO, emission levels substantially lower than possible with conventional combustors.
{"title":"Catalytic Materials for High-Temperature Combustion","authors":"M. Zwinkels, S. Järås, P. G. Menon, T. Griffin","doi":"10.1080/01614949308013910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308013910","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Catalytic combustion, as an alternative to conventional thermal combustion, has received considerable attention during the past decade. Research efforts have been promoted by the need to meet governmental demands concerning pollution and the wish to use energy sources more efficiently. The two main advantages offered by catalytic combustors over flame combustors apply to these goals: Catalytic combustion can be carried out over a wide range of fuel concentrations in air and at low temperatures. These low temperatures result in attaining NO, emission levels substantially lower than possible with conventional combustors.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":"319-358"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80832811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308014606
T. V. Andrushkevich
Abstract Partial oxidation of acrolein is a commercially important reaction, its product—acrylic acid—being widely used industrially for producing resins, dyes, glues, nonwoven fabrics, etc. Partial oxidation of acrolein is also a convenient model reaction because: (1) the number of reaction products is moderate (CO, CO2, acrylic acid) and (2) their difference in acid-base properties from the starting material makes it possible to select desirable catalysts by applying directly and efficiently Boreskov's concept of intermediate chemical interaction of a catalyst with reaction mixture components. According to this concept [1], the transformation of surface intermediates (SI) formed in the interaction of reactants with a catalyst's surface is determined by the structure and bond energy of these SI. The study of the reaction mechanism includes determination of structures and energy characteristics of the surface intermediates and the elucidation of their connection with catalyst chemical composition and reac...
{"title":"Heterogeneous Catalytic Oxidation of Acrolein to Acrylic Acid: Mechanism and Catalysts","authors":"T. V. Andrushkevich","doi":"10.1080/01614949308014606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308014606","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Partial oxidation of acrolein is a commercially important reaction, its product—acrylic acid—being widely used industrially for producing resins, dyes, glues, nonwoven fabrics, etc. Partial oxidation of acrolein is also a convenient model reaction because: (1) the number of reaction products is moderate (CO, CO2, acrylic acid) and (2) their difference in acid-base properties from the starting material makes it possible to select desirable catalysts by applying directly and efficiently Boreskov's concept of intermediate chemical interaction of a catalyst with reaction mixture components. According to this concept [1], the transformation of surface intermediates (SI) formed in the interaction of reactants with a catalyst's surface is determined by the structure and bond energy of these SI. The study of the reaction mechanism includes determination of structures and energy characteristics of the surface intermediates and the elucidation of their connection with catalyst chemical composition and reac...","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"357 1","pages":"213-259"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80171739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308014607
A. Zecchina, C. Areán
Abstract The adsorption and reactivity of organometallic compounds on surfaces have attracted increasing attention recently. The growing interest in this area is a reflection of the many issues. of both a fundamental and applied nature. related to it. Thus, a number of studies are motivated by the attempt to gain a further understanding of the chemical bonding between the surface of the support and the organometallic molecule. and to investigate the reactivity of the surface adduct thus formed. Many studies are also devoted to the possible exploitation of either the surface adduct or the corresponding thermal decomposition products for processes of technological interest. Tailored heterogeneous catalysts are the best example of this line of research. but metallization processes and the production of semiconductor devices and electroceramic materials are also among the industrial applications which can benefit from a better understanding of the structure and reactivity of supported organometallic precursors.
{"title":"Structure and reactivity of surface species obtained by interaction of organometallic compounds with oxidic surfaces: IR studies","authors":"A. Zecchina, C. Areán","doi":"10.1080/01614949308014607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308014607","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The adsorption and reactivity of organometallic compounds on surfaces have attracted increasing attention recently. The growing interest in this area is a reflection of the many issues. of both a fundamental and applied nature. related to it. Thus, a number of studies are motivated by the attempt to gain a further understanding of the chemical bonding between the surface of the support and the organometallic molecule. and to investigate the reactivity of the surface adduct thus formed. Many studies are also devoted to the possible exploitation of either the surface adduct or the corresponding thermal decomposition products for processes of technological interest. Tailored heterogeneous catalysts are the best example of this line of research. but metallization processes and the production of semiconductor devices and electroceramic materials are also among the industrial applications which can benefit from a better understanding of the structure and reactivity of supported organometallic precursors.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"27 1","pages":"261-317"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82647050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-06-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308014605
J. Fox
Abstract Scope of Review. This review is written from the point of view of the process design engineer trying to find the best catalytic options for upgrading methane. It is not intended to be a review of catalytic principles. In fact, actual catalysts used are only mentioned in passing. If the reader wishes to explore this aspect further, there are many recent review articles that can be used and these are referred to at an appropriate time and place.
{"title":"The Different Catalytic Routes for Methane Valorization: An Assessment of Processes for Liquid Fuels","authors":"J. Fox","doi":"10.1080/01614949308014605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308014605","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Scope of Review. This review is written from the point of view of the process design engineer trying to find the best catalytic options for upgrading methane. It is not intended to be a review of catalytic principles. In fact, actual catalysts used are only mentioned in passing. If the reader wishes to explore this aspect further, there are many recent review articles that can be used and these are referred to at an appropriate time and place.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"169-212"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83578092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-02-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013907
J. Hindermann, G. Hutchings, A. Kiennemann
Abstract In 1973 the oil crisis prompted considerable world interest in the production of synfuels which, as a result, led to the development of the Mobil Methanol to Gasoline Process [1] and more recently to the Shell Middle Distillate Process [2]. Synfuels have been a subject of both scientific and political interest for most of the 20th century. With the recent Gulf crisis, which has resulted in a surge in crude oil prices, it is clear that the search to find economic alternatives to the use of petroleum as an energy source will continue. This observation is based on the fact that the world reserves of coal and natural gas far exceed those of oil, and this fact alone implies that the conversion of coal and natural gas to transportation fuels is almost certain to become more widespread within the next 20 years.
{"title":"Mechanistic Aspects of the Formation of Hydrocarbons and Alcohols from CO Hydrogenation","authors":"J. Hindermann, G. Hutchings, A. Kiennemann","doi":"10.1080/01614949308013907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308013907","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1973 the oil crisis prompted considerable world interest in the production of synfuels which, as a result, led to the development of the Mobil Methanol to Gasoline Process [1] and more recently to the Shell Middle Distillate Process [2]. Synfuels have been a subject of both scientific and political interest for most of the 20th century. With the recent Gulf crisis, which has resulted in a surge in crude oil prices, it is clear that the search to find economic alternatives to the use of petroleum as an energy source will continue. This observation is based on the fact that the world reserves of coal and natural gas far exceed those of oil, and this fact alone implies that the conversion of coal and natural gas to transportation fuels is almost certain to become more widespread within the next 20 years.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"64 1","pages":"1-127"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89274548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1993-01-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949308013908
R. Schoonheydt
Abstract In this review only exchangeable cations on extralattice positions in zeolites are considered. Cu2+ is used as a probe for the siting, the nature, and the energy of the bonding to the lattice. The term zeolite encompasses the crystalline aluminosilicates and the crystalline aluminum phosphates (ALPO) with ion exchange and molecular sieving properties. However, exchangeable cations in isomorphously substituted ALPOs have not been studied systematically and are not treated here.
{"title":"Transition metal ions in zeolites: siting and energetics of Cu2+","authors":"R. Schoonheydt","doi":"10.1080/01614949308013908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949308013908","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this review only exchangeable cations on extralattice positions in zeolites are considered. Cu2+ is used as a probe for the siting, the nature, and the energy of the bonding to the lattice. The term zeolite encompasses the crystalline aluminosilicates and the crystalline aluminum phosphates (ALPO) with ion exchange and molecular sieving properties. However, exchangeable cations in isomorphously substituted ALPOs have not been studied systematically and are not treated here.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"6 1","pages":"129-168"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82529181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-12-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949208016319
D. B. Hibbert
Abstract Reactions of sulfur dioxide on perovskite oxides have been investigated from two distinct standpoints. First sulfur dioxide is a poison for reactions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons (1–11). How to mitigate this poisoning and how to regenerate the catalyst is therefore of importance when designing pollution abatement catalysts for motor cars. However the reaction between sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by perovskites, itself may provide an important route for the removal of a major pollutant (12–16).
{"title":"Reduction of Sulfur Dioxide on Perovskite Oxides","authors":"D. B. Hibbert","doi":"10.1080/01614949208016319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949208016319","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Reactions of sulfur dioxide on perovskite oxides have been investigated from two distinct standpoints. First sulfur dioxide is a poison for reactions of carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and hydrocarbons (1–11). How to mitigate this poisoning and how to regenerate the catalyst is therefore of importance when designing pollution abatement catalysts for motor cars. However the reaction between sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, catalyzed by perovskites, itself may provide an important route for the removal of a major pollutant (12–16).","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"391-408"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75027127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-12-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949208016316
B. Viswanathan
Abstract The search for substitutes of noble metal supported exhaust control catalysts has led to the study of a number of perovskite oxides (1). The mechanisms of redox processes on these surfaces are topotactic in nature, thus accounting forthe reversible loss and uptake of bulk oxygen or for the concomitant creation and annihilation of vacancies rendering these systems as attractive oxidation catalysts. The variable oxygen stoichiometry of perovskite structure is responsible for the exotic behavior of these materials as a new class of high Tc superconducting oxides (2). The extreme ease of removing oxygen from the framework but still retaining the basic ingredients of the perovskite structure and the possibility of deriving different structural frameworks from ideal perovskite structure (e.g. insertion of rock salt layer between perovskite layers results in a K2NiF4 structure, while insertion of double [Bi2O2] layers between perovskite layers results in an Aurivillius phase) and the possibility of subs...
{"title":"CO Oxidation and NO Reduction on Perovskite Oxides","authors":"B. Viswanathan","doi":"10.1080/01614949208016316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949208016316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The search for substitutes of noble metal supported exhaust control catalysts has led to the study of a number of perovskite oxides (1). The mechanisms of redox processes on these surfaces are topotactic in nature, thus accounting forthe reversible loss and uptake of bulk oxygen or for the concomitant creation and annihilation of vacancies rendering these systems as attractive oxidation catalysts. The variable oxygen stoichiometry of perovskite structure is responsible for the exotic behavior of these materials as a new class of high Tc superconducting oxides (2). The extreme ease of removing oxygen from the framework but still retaining the basic ingredients of the perovskite structure and the possibility of deriving different structural frameworks from ideal perovskite structure (e.g. insertion of rock salt layer between perovskite layers results in a K2NiF4 structure, while insertion of double [Bi2O2] layers between perovskite layers results in an Aurivillius phase) and the possibility of subs...","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"337-354"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83973287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-12-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949208016320
C. Swamy, J. Christopher
Abstract Mixed metal oxides crystalizing in a perovskite-related structure have long been of interest to solid state chemists and physicists because of their technologically important physical properties. The ready availability of a family of isomorphic solids with controllable physical properties makes these oxides suitable for basic research in catalysis. These mixed metal oxides are more advantageous and are better catalytic materials than simple oxides because: (i) the crystal structure can accomodate various metal ions and can stabilize unusual and mixed valence states of active metal ion; (ii) appropriate formulation of these oxides leads to easy tailoring of many desirable properties such as valence state of transition metal ion, distance between active sites, binding energy, diffusion of oxygen in the lattice, magnetic and conducting properties of the solid; (iii) the catalytic activity can be correlated to solid state properties since many of their solid state properties are thoroughly understood...
{"title":"Decomposition of N2O on Perovskite-Related Oxides","authors":"C. Swamy, J. Christopher","doi":"10.1080/01614949208016320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949208016320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mixed metal oxides crystalizing in a perovskite-related structure have long been of interest to solid state chemists and physicists because of their technologically important physical properties. The ready availability of a family of isomorphic solids with controllable physical properties makes these oxides suitable for basic research in catalysis. These mixed metal oxides are more advantageous and are better catalytic materials than simple oxides because: (i) the crystal structure can accomodate various metal ions and can stabilize unusual and mixed valence states of active metal ion; (ii) appropriate formulation of these oxides leads to easy tailoring of many desirable properties such as valence state of transition metal ion, distance between active sites, binding energy, diffusion of oxygen in the lattice, magnetic and conducting properties of the solid; (iii) the catalytic activity can be correlated to solid state properties since many of their solid state properties are thoroughly understood...","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"409-425"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80493667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1992-12-01DOI: 10.1080/01614949208016315
J. Fierro
Abstract Transition metals, metal oxides and metal-containing mixed oxides have been extensively used for Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis (1–9) and their ability to yield oxygenated compounds. During the last two decades, an extensive search has been carried out in examining the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of co and CO, which produced hydrocarbons and oxygenate compounds. The catalytic models for hydrocarbon synthesis have already been reviewed by Vannice (lo), which gives detailed information and discusses the data which were obtained during their development. As a broad product distribution is obtained during the FT synthesis, the mechanisms are extremely complicated and not clearly understood: therefore this topic is beyond the objective of this chapter and hence no further attention will be paid.
{"title":"Hydrogenation of Carbon Oxides over Perovskite-Type Oxides","authors":"J. Fierro","doi":"10.1080/01614949208016315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614949208016315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Transition metals, metal oxides and metal-containing mixed oxides have been extensively used for Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon synthesis (1–9) and their ability to yield oxygenated compounds. During the last two decades, an extensive search has been carried out in examining the mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation of co and CO, which produced hydrocarbons and oxygenate compounds. The catalytic models for hydrocarbon synthesis have already been reviewed by Vannice (lo), which gives detailed information and discusses the data which were obtained during their development. As a broad product distribution is obtained during the FT synthesis, the mechanisms are extremely complicated and not clearly understood: therefore this topic is beyond the objective of this chapter and hence no further attention will be paid.","PeriodicalId":50986,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Reviews-Science and Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"321-336"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78467697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：