Pub Date : 2022-03-22eCollection Date: 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.7
Rahul K Sharma, Alexandria L Irace, Jonathan B Overdevest, David A Gudis
Objective: Endoscopic approaches for sinus and skull base surgery are increasing in popularity. The objective of this narrative review is to characterize risk factors for internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), highlight preventative measures, and illustrate key management principles.
Data sources: Comprehensive literature review.
Methods: Relevant literature was reviewed using PubMed/MEDLINE.
Results: Carotid artery injury in EES is rare, with most studies reporting an incidence below 0.1%. Anatomic aberrancies, wide dissection margins, as well as specific provider and hospital factors, may increase the risk of injury. Multidisciplinary teams, comprehensive preoperative imaging, patient risk assessment, and formal training in vascular emergencies may reduce the risk. Management protocols should emphasize proper visualization of the injury site, fluid replacement, rapid packing, angiography, and endovascular techniques to achieve hemostasis.
Conclusions: While EES is a relatively safe procedure, carotid artery injury is a devastating complication that warrants full consideration in surgical planning. Important preventative measures include identifying patients with notable risk factors and obtaining preoperative imaging. Multidisciplinary teams and management protocols are ultimately necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.
目的：内窥镜鼻窦和颅底手术越来越受欢迎。本综述旨在描述内窥镜鼻内镜手术（EES）中颈内动脉损伤的风险因素，强调预防措施，并说明关键的管理原则：综合文献综述：方法：使用PubMed/MEDLINE检索相关文献：结果：在 EES 中颈动脉损伤非常罕见，大多数研究报告的发生率低于 0.1%。解剖异常、剥离边缘宽以及特定的提供者和医院因素可能会增加损伤风险。多学科团队、全面的术前成像、患者风险评估以及正规的血管急症培训可降低风险。处理方案应强调对损伤部位的正确观察、液体置换、快速包装、血管造影和血管内止血技术：尽管 EES 是一种相对安全的手术，但颈动脉损伤是一种破坏性并发症，需要在手术计划中予以充分考虑。重要的预防措施包括识别有明显风险因素的患者并进行术前成像。要降低发病率和死亡率，最终需要多学科团队和管理协议。
{"title":"Carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery: Risk factors, prevention, and management.","authors":"Rahul K Sharma, Alexandria L Irace, Jonathan B Overdevest, David A Gudis","doi":"10.1002/wjo2.7","DOIUrl":"10.1002/wjo2.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Endoscopic approaches for sinus and skull base surgery are increasing in popularity. The objective of this narrative review is to characterize risk factors for internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES), highlight preventative measures, and illustrate key management principles.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Comprehensive literature review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relevant literature was reviewed using PubMed/MEDLINE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Carotid artery injury in EES is rare, with most studies reporting an incidence below 0.1%. Anatomic aberrancies, wide dissection margins, as well as specific provider and hospital factors, may increase the risk of injury. Multidisciplinary teams, comprehensive preoperative imaging, patient risk assessment, and formal training in vascular emergencies may reduce the risk. Management protocols should emphasize proper visualization of the injury site, fluid replacement, rapid packing, angiography, and endovascular techniques to achieve hemostasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While EES is a relatively safe procedure, carotid artery injury is a devastating complication that warrants full consideration in surgical planning. Important preventative measures include identifying patients with notable risk factors and obtaining preoperative imaging. Multidisciplinary teams and management protocols are ultimately necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"39 1","pages":"54-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9126167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2037388
Yonvitner, S. B. Agus, D. F. Lestari, R. Pasaribu, E. Supriyanto, Cahyo Widodo, Ayub Sugara, J. Patoka, S. G. Akmal
Abstract Coral reefs are one of the most threatened ecosystems globally. Coral reef ecosystem (CRE) status is an essential indicator in measuring the potential for sustainable management of coral resources in small islands and islets. In this study, the parameters used are coral cover, coral mortality index, and potential exposure. The study was conducted on 56 islands in the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park in Indonesia during June 2019. Based on the findings, islands were classified as high-vulnerable (64%), moderate vulnerable (19.6)%, and low vulnerable (16.07%). Results indicated that the sustainability of surveyed coral reef ecosystems is seriously endangered. For this reason, a systematic effort is recommended to mitigate the risks. Among others, coral reefs need to be protected from various waste threats, overfishing, and tourist behavior damaging coral reefs would be regulated.
{"title":"Vulnerability Status of the Coral Ecosystem in Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, Indonesia","authors":"Yonvitner, S. B. Agus, D. F. Lestari, R. Pasaribu, E. Supriyanto, Cahyo Widodo, Ayub Sugara, J. Patoka, S. G. Akmal","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2037388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2037388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coral reefs are one of the most threatened ecosystems globally. Coral reef ecosystem (CRE) status is an essential indicator in measuring the potential for sustainable management of coral resources in small islands and islets. In this study, the parameters used are coral cover, coral mortality index, and potential exposure. The study was conducted on 56 islands in the Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park in Indonesia during June 2019. Based on the findings, islands were classified as high-vulnerable (64%), moderate vulnerable (19.6)%, and low vulnerable (16.07%). Results indicated that the sustainability of surveyed coral reef ecosystems is seriously endangered. For this reason, a systematic effort is recommended to mitigate the risks. Among others, coral reefs need to be protected from various waste threats, overfishing, and tourist behavior damaging coral reefs would be regulated.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"251 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48240417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-12DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2037396
A. Humphries, Kelvin D. Gorospe, Anne Innes-Gold, Jason E. McNamee, Conor McManus, C. Oviatt, J. Collie
Abstract Ecosystem models have emerged as vital tools for evaluating management strategies and are increasingly used by policymakers. We reviewed the history of modeling and identified research gaps based on policy needs for ecosystem-based management of Narragansett Bay (RI, USA)—a highly-impacted system with a history of research and monitoring dating back to the 1950s. There is a need to disentangle the impacts of nutrient reductions versus climate change on species interactions as well as understand the ecological and socio-economic tradeoffs of management actions. Within this context, we consider the following to be important for future research and creation of ecosystem models for Narragansett Bay: (i) account for multi-scale processes and patterns through two-way model coupling; (ii) incorporate human behavior as part of model predictions; and (iii) lessen the impact of model uncertainty by identifying robust management strategies that will sustain resources under a range of potential future scenarios. Ecosystem modeling that builds on prior models and is informed by knowledge gaps will be a powerful tool to operationalize ecosystem-based management in Narragansett Bay and globally, providing sustainable pathways for nature and people.
{"title":"In Pursuit of Ecosystem-Based Management for Narragansett Bay: An Overview of Previous Models and Roadmap for Future Research","authors":"A. Humphries, Kelvin D. Gorospe, Anne Innes-Gold, Jason E. McNamee, Conor McManus, C. Oviatt, J. Collie","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2037396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2037396","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ecosystem models have emerged as vital tools for evaluating management strategies and are increasingly used by policymakers. We reviewed the history of modeling and identified research gaps based on policy needs for ecosystem-based management of Narragansett Bay (RI, USA)—a highly-impacted system with a history of research and monitoring dating back to the 1950s. There is a need to disentangle the impacts of nutrient reductions versus climate change on species interactions as well as understand the ecological and socio-economic tradeoffs of management actions. Within this context, we consider the following to be important for future research and creation of ecosystem models for Narragansett Bay: (i) account for multi-scale processes and patterns through two-way model coupling; (ii) incorporate human behavior as part of model predictions; and (iii) lessen the impact of model uncertainty by identifying robust management strategies that will sustain resources under a range of potential future scenarios. Ecosystem modeling that builds on prior models and is informed by knowledge gaps will be a powerful tool to operationalize ecosystem-based management in Narragansett Bay and globally, providing sustainable pathways for nature and people.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"262 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-11DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2037385
Yen-Chiang Chang, Sirong Xin, Xu Zhang
Abstract At present, although the situation in the South China Sea has generally stabilized, the negative factors that have caused the situation in the South China Sea to heat up again have not been fundamentally eliminated. Therefore, disputing parties in the South China Sea still need to continuously strengthen cooperation in the low-sensitivity areas in order to enhance mutual trust. In the disputed maritime areas of the South China Sea, there are unilateral marine scientific research and joint marine scientific research conducted by disputing parties as well as marine scientific research conducted by a third-party. All these activities have their legal basis. Through the analysis of the legal basis of various types of marine scientific research and the problems existing in practice, it is argued that joint marine scientific research is considered the most ideal way to conduct marine scientific research in the disputed areas, but its legal basis is still weak in practice. It has been recognized that integration of marine sciences and coastal management would generate better formulated marine policies and viable policy implementation strategies which may be utilized to make a significant contribution to coastal management in various aspects. Thus, in general, developing an understanding on how marine scientific research (including joint marine scientific research) could be better conducted will shed light on how coastal management can be further improved in the future scientifically. In light of the problems existing in joint marine scientific research, this paper argues that a legally binding regional marine scientific cooperation agreement in the disputed maritime areas of the South China Sea should be established.
{"title":"A Proposal for Joint Marine Scientific Research Activities in the Disputed Maritime Areas of the South China Sea","authors":"Yen-Chiang Chang, Sirong Xin, Xu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2037385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2037385","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract At present, although the situation in the South China Sea has generally stabilized, the negative factors that have caused the situation in the South China Sea to heat up again have not been fundamentally eliminated. Therefore, disputing parties in the South China Sea still need to continuously strengthen cooperation in the low-sensitivity areas in order to enhance mutual trust. In the disputed maritime areas of the South China Sea, there are unilateral marine scientific research and joint marine scientific research conducted by disputing parties as well as marine scientific research conducted by a third-party. All these activities have their legal basis. Through the analysis of the legal basis of various types of marine scientific research and the problems existing in practice, it is argued that joint marine scientific research is considered the most ideal way to conduct marine scientific research in the disputed areas, but its legal basis is still weak in practice. It has been recognized that integration of marine sciences and coastal management would generate better formulated marine policies and viable policy implementation strategies which may be utilized to make a significant contribution to coastal management in various aspects. Thus, in general, developing an understanding on how marine scientific research (including joint marine scientific research) could be better conducted will shed light on how coastal management can be further improved in the future scientifically. In light of the problems existing in joint marine scientific research, this paper argues that a legally binding regional marine scientific cooperation agreement in the disputed maritime areas of the South China Sea should be established.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"215 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42063138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-09DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2037387
R. Mendelsohn, A. Fairbank, A. Rajaoberison
Abstract Tidal gates have been in operation for centuries to block salt water from penetrating landscapes, while storm gates are relatively new. Storm gates block just severe storm surges while normally remaining open to allow salt water to move freely back and forth with the tides. This study evaluates the cost and flood benefits (averted flood damage) of storm gates on non-navigable coastal rivers and creeks. The study finds that only a fraction of coastal rivers should have storm gates. But selected storm gates are highly effective with long term benefits that are three times their cost. In the right place, storm gates can protect vulnerable low-lying developed areas from coastal flooding with a minimal environmental footprint.
{"title":"The Economics of Storm Gates","authors":"R. Mendelsohn, A. Fairbank, A. Rajaoberison","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2037387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2037387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tidal gates have been in operation for centuries to block salt water from penetrating landscapes, while storm gates are relatively new. Storm gates block just severe storm surges while normally remaining open to allow salt water to move freely back and forth with the tides. This study evaluates the cost and flood benefits (averted flood damage) of storm gates on non-navigable coastal rivers and creeks. The study finds that only a fraction of coastal rivers should have storm gates. But selected storm gates are highly effective with long term benefits that are three times their cost. In the right place, storm gates can protect vulnerable low-lying developed areas from coastal flooding with a minimal environmental footprint.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"237 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43710899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-03DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022969
A. Oloko, K. Fakoya, S. Ferse, A. Breckwoldt, S. Harper
Abstract Makoko, a coastal fishing community in Lagos, Nigeria, aptly described as the "Venice of Africa", is also known as the world’s largest floating slum. Contributions of women fisherfolk in artisanal fisheries are seldom appreciated despite the fact that in most coastal communities, women are the pillars and de facto household- heads, having to provide and sustain their households with little or no institutional or cultural support. This paper describes how women with different sizes of businesses (small, medium and large) conducted their fish trade in conjunction with their reproductive roles. Key findings suggest that sustainability of fisheries-based livelihoods for women fisherfolk is determined by working capital and access to credit facilities. Social networks and informal credit institutions were important factors to obtain capital by which the women were able to sustain and expand their businesses. Lack of formal education, poor access to information, discriminatory gender–based norms and cultural practices challenged sustainability of the women’s livelihoods. This paper suggests approaches and interventions built on existing social networks and informal credit institutions to enhance women’s economic contributions and mitigate constraints in their fisheries businesses.
{"title":"The Challenges and Prospects of Women Fisherfolk in Makoko, Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Oloko, K. Fakoya, S. Ferse, A. Breckwoldt, S. Harper","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022969","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Makoko, a coastal fishing community in Lagos, Nigeria, aptly described as the \"Venice of Africa\", is also known as the world’s largest floating slum. Contributions of women fisherfolk in artisanal fisheries are seldom appreciated despite the fact that in most coastal communities, women are the pillars and de facto household- heads, having to provide and sustain their households with little or no institutional or cultural support. This paper describes how women with different sizes of businesses (small, medium and large) conducted their fish trade in conjunction with their reproductive roles. Key findings suggest that sustainability of fisheries-based livelihoods for women fisherfolk is determined by working capital and access to credit facilities. Social networks and informal credit institutions were important factors to obtain capital by which the women were able to sustain and expand their businesses. Lack of formal education, poor access to information, discriminatory gender–based norms and cultural practices challenged sustainability of the women’s livelihoods. This paper suggests approaches and interventions built on existing social networks and informal credit institutions to enhance women’s economic contributions and mitigate constraints in their fisheries businesses.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"124 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42408938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-24DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022975
R. Collini, Mikaela C. Heming, Christina F. Mohrman, M. Daigle, Casey A. Fulford, Celina L. Gauthier Lowry, Marian D. Hanisko, Steven Mikulencak, Rhonda Price, Kristin R. Ransom, T. Sempier, C. Shepard, W. Underwood, M. Woodrey, M. Denny, E. Sparks
Abstract Many tools have been generated in recent decades to support decision-makers in understanding and acting on climate science, causing stakeholders in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) to repeatedly express the need for guidance when selecting climate resilience tools. The Climate and Resilience Community of Practice (CoP), Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA), and the Northern Gulf of Mexico Sentinel Site Cooperative (Cooperative) developed and implemented an end-user driven process for tool creation. Research has suggested that integrating target end-users throughout tool development improves the probability a tool will be utilized, yet there is little practical guidance available on how to successfully design and implement an end-user driven tool development process. In this study, an end-user driven process and results from implementing the process during tool development are presented. Challenges, successful approaches, and lessons learned to support future tool development, especially for tools focused on sharing climate science are identified. Guidance is provided on needed expertise, timelines for engagement with target end-users, and methods on how to solicit, analyze, and assimilate end-user needs, perspectives, and priorities into a final product.
{"title":"Utilizing an End-User Driven Process to Identify and Address Climate-Resilience Tool Needs in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico","authors":"R. Collini, Mikaela C. Heming, Christina F. Mohrman, M. Daigle, Casey A. Fulford, Celina L. Gauthier Lowry, Marian D. Hanisko, Steven Mikulencak, Rhonda Price, Kristin R. Ransom, T. Sempier, C. Shepard, W. Underwood, M. Woodrey, M. Denny, E. Sparks","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022975","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many tools have been generated in recent decades to support decision-makers in understanding and acting on climate science, causing stakeholders in the Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) to repeatedly express the need for guidance when selecting climate resilience tools. The Climate and Resilience Community of Practice (CoP), Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA), and the Northern Gulf of Mexico Sentinel Site Cooperative (Cooperative) developed and implemented an end-user driven process for tool creation. Research has suggested that integrating target end-users throughout tool development improves the probability a tool will be utilized, yet there is little practical guidance available on how to successfully design and implement an end-user driven tool development process. In this study, an end-user driven process and results from implementing the process during tool development are presented. Challenges, successful approaches, and lessons learned to support future tool development, especially for tools focused on sharing climate science are identified. Guidance is provided on needed expertise, timelines for engagement with target end-users, and methods on how to solicit, analyze, and assimilate end-user needs, perspectives, and priorities into a final product.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"197 - 214"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48557610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-21DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006883
I. Okyere
Abstract The paper examines how variability in sea surface temperature and upwelling influenced fish catch in a small-scale beach seine fishery for nearly two years (covering two major seasons, a minor season and an off season), and how socio-cultural agreement on profit sharing further dictated disproportionate disparities in income of boat or net owners (considered as “employers”) and their fishing crew (“employees”). In this fishery, half of the total profit is allocated to the net owner and the remaining half shared among the crew. The year with higher sea surface temperature and weak upwelling intensity recorded lower fish catch and lower profits, which further worsened the economic plight of the fishermen. Crew earned less than Ghana’s national monthly minimum wage of GH¢ 120.96 (≈US$65.0) in 2012, and GH¢ 141.48 (≈US$75.8) in 2013 for most months in the two years. A net owner generally had more than 25 times the earning of a crew. Results are discussed within the broader contexts of socio-economic plight of small-scale fishers in the face of climate-induced weakening upwelling intensity and declining fish catches. Policy interventions for ensuring economic safety nets for small-scale fishermen in the country including a pension scheme for the fishers are proposed.
{"title":"Socio-Economic Systems Response to Upwelling Variability in Small-Scale Fisheries: The Case of a Beach Seine Fishery in Ghana","authors":"I. Okyere","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006883","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper examines how variability in sea surface temperature and upwelling influenced fish catch in a small-scale beach seine fishery for nearly two years (covering two major seasons, a minor season and an off season), and how socio-cultural agreement on profit sharing further dictated disproportionate disparities in income of boat or net owners (considered as “employers”) and their fishing crew (“employees”). In this fishery, half of the total profit is allocated to the net owner and the remaining half shared among the crew. The year with higher sea surface temperature and weak upwelling intensity recorded lower fish catch and lower profits, which further worsened the economic plight of the fishermen. Crew earned less than Ghana’s national monthly minimum wage of GH¢ 120.96 (≈US$65.0) in 2012, and GH¢ 141.48 (≈US$75.8) in 2013 for most months in the two years. A net owner generally had more than 25 times the earning of a crew. Results are discussed within the broader contexts of socio-economic plight of small-scale fishers in the face of climate-induced weakening upwelling intensity and declining fish catches. Policy interventions for ensuring economic safety nets for small-scale fishermen in the country including a pension scheme for the fishers are proposed.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"62 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43613873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-20DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022954
Ebuka Benedict Okeke, Somadina Mmaduakonam Obodoefuna, M. M. Uddin, Lingfeng Huang
Abstract This study assesses the Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal, and Environmental (PESTLE) factors for establishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Niger Delta coastal waters. Interview and questionnaire methods were used to collect the needed information from locals and environmental experts. The locals include fishermen from four (4) coastal locations in the Niger Delta while experts include relevant government institutions, researchers, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Data collected from the survey were analyzed and used to determine the state of 18 PESTLE sub-criteria, and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to find the sub-criteria weights (importance). The stakeholder’s perceptions on potential MPAs were analyzed and compared with Relative Importance Index (RII). Results show stakeholders agree more on the prioritization of MPA implementation criteria and expected benefits but agree less on the MPA objectives and beneficiaries. Environmental prospects for MPAs in the Niger Delta have the highest performance score and vice versa for the political and technical capacity for MPA implementation and management. The study concludes Niger Delta has potentials for MPAs which can be achieved through addressing the identified weaknesses and threats.
{"title":"Using Stakeholders’ Perception to Evaluate the Prospects of Establishing Marine Protected Areas in the Niger Delta Coastal Ecosystem","authors":"Ebuka Benedict Okeke, Somadina Mmaduakonam Obodoefuna, M. M. Uddin, Lingfeng Huang","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022954","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study assesses the Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal, and Environmental (PESTLE) factors for establishing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Niger Delta coastal waters. Interview and questionnaire methods were used to collect the needed information from locals and environmental experts. The locals include fishermen from four (4) coastal locations in the Niger Delta while experts include relevant government institutions, researchers, and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Data collected from the survey were analyzed and used to determine the state of 18 PESTLE sub-criteria, and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) was used to find the sub-criteria weights (importance). The stakeholder’s perceptions on potential MPAs were analyzed and compared with Relative Importance Index (RII). Results show stakeholders agree more on the prioritization of MPA implementation criteria and expected benefits but agree less on the MPA objectives and beneficiaries. Environmental prospects for MPAs in the Niger Delta have the highest performance score and vice versa for the political and technical capacity for MPA implementation and management. The study concludes Niger Delta has potentials for MPAs which can be achieved through addressing the identified weaknesses and threats.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"106 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41606761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-17DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022974
Tonya Long, Jodie Eldridge, Joe Hancock, S. Hirama, R. Kiltie, Meghan Koperski, Robbin N. Trindell
Abstract Coastal roadways with tall, full-spectrum streetlights along sea turtle nesting beaches present a challenge for managers seeking to balance protection of sea turtles with public safety. Many communities extinguish these lights during nesting season to avoid impacting nesting and hatchling sea turtles. Long-wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) offer an alternative for managers in these communities, but additional information on sea turtle response to these lights is warranted prior to installation. We conducted arena assays on Florida’s west coast to evaluate hatchling orientation when exposed to a shielded, long-wavelength (624 nm) prototype lamp compared to an adjacent beach with the streetlights turned off. We compared orientation in test and control arenas simultaneously over two consecutive nights, recording crawl direction and timing for individual hatchlings. Hatchlings in test and control arenas oriented correctly toward the ocean in all trials, with no differences in hatchling dispersion or circling. Thus, the fully shielded, long-wavelength LED streetlight fixture tested provides an appropriate option to minimize impacts to sea turtles along coastal roadways throughout the Unites States and elsewhere. As such, this alternative solution to extinguishing necessary streetlights can aid coastal managers in concurrently protecting nesting habitat and providing light for public safety.
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