Pub Date : 2022-01-16DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022971
Komali Kantamaneni, L. Rice, Xiaoping Du, Belqais Allali, Komali Yenneti
Abstract Coastal vulnerability and its physical, economic and social consequences at national and international scales is of high scientific, political and policy interest. Anthropogenic climate change and coastal erosion threaten the very fabric of a society. Indications, that coastal hazards are impacting diverse coastal areas severely across the world, and it is no longer a vague future threat that can’t be ignored. Rising eustatic sea levels synthesized by the growing frequency and scale of coastal hazards like storm surges, coastal erosion and coastal landslides threaten low-lying and unprotected coastal areas in the United Kingdom even if they have coastal defenses. However, there is still significant uncertainty about the degree of vulnerability along different coastal stretches, particularly in England. To fill this uncertainty, the current study estimated the coastal vulnerability of the coastal erosion hotspot Camber, England, by establishing a coastal vulnerability index. This index was developed by compounding various existing parameters and termed as Erosion Coastal Vulnerability Index (ECVI). Results illustrate that 67% of coastal area fall between high and very high vulnerability categories, and current coastal defenses are not strong enough to tackle the severe coastal erosion in Camber. Within the evaluation, thematic maps were generated to enable the intensity of the vulnerability for different coastal stretches to be identified. The evaluated vulnerable hotspot should be treated urgently by regional and national policy organizations to ameliorate the impacts of coastal erosion and other associated risks. Without action, the hotspot is likely to encounter unprecedented new vulnerabilities, disasters and humanitarian catastrophes. The current study results allow for a local, regional and national comparison that may help to evaluate changes in coastal erosion vulnerability.
{"title":"Are Current UK Coastal Defences Good Enough for Tomorrow? An Assessment of Vulnerability to Coastal Erosion","authors":"Komali Kantamaneni, L. Rice, Xiaoping Du, Belqais Allali, Komali Yenneti","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022971","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coastal vulnerability and its physical, economic and social consequences at national and international scales is of high scientific, political and policy interest. Anthropogenic climate change and coastal erosion threaten the very fabric of a society. Indications, that coastal hazards are impacting diverse coastal areas severely across the world, and it is no longer a vague future threat that can’t be ignored. Rising eustatic sea levels synthesized by the growing frequency and scale of coastal hazards like storm surges, coastal erosion and coastal landslides threaten low-lying and unprotected coastal areas in the United Kingdom even if they have coastal defenses. However, there is still significant uncertainty about the degree of vulnerability along different coastal stretches, particularly in England. To fill this uncertainty, the current study estimated the coastal vulnerability of the coastal erosion hotspot Camber, England, by establishing a coastal vulnerability index. This index was developed by compounding various existing parameters and termed as Erosion Coastal Vulnerability Index (ECVI). Results illustrate that 67% of coastal area fall between high and very high vulnerability categories, and current coastal defenses are not strong enough to tackle the severe coastal erosion in Camber. Within the evaluation, thematic maps were generated to enable the intensity of the vulnerability for different coastal stretches to be identified. The evaluated vulnerable hotspot should be treated urgently by regional and national policy organizations to ameliorate the impacts of coastal erosion and other associated risks. Without action, the hotspot is likely to encounter unprecedented new vulnerabilities, disasters and humanitarian catastrophes. The current study results allow for a local, regional and national comparison that may help to evaluate changes in coastal erosion vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"142 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44106722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022973
N. X. Hiền, T. V. Tra, Nguyễn Thị Thanh, H. Nguyen, Duc Hung Le, Van Sy Pham
Abstract Viet Nam is seriously affected by natural disasters including storms and storm surges. Assessing disaster risks, particularly storm surges for coastal provinces, thus, provides not only scientific evidence but also supports policymaking in natural disaster prevention and control. Given this importance, this study assesses the risks of storm surges in Vietnamese coastal provinces. The results show that the coastal areas of Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Hue face the highest risk of storm surges. On the contrary, other provinces including Da Nang, Quang Nam, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, and Ba Ria- Vung Tau face the lowest risk of storm surges. The results provide useful information for better natural disaster preparedness in Viet Nam, namely planning and zoning of future development as well as supporting early warning efforts.
{"title":"Assessing Risk of Storm Surge for Coastal Provinces in Viet Nam","authors":"N. X. Hiền, T. V. Tra, Nguyễn Thị Thanh, H. Nguyen, Duc Hung Le, Van Sy Pham","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022973","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Viet Nam is seriously affected by natural disasters including storms and storm surges. Assessing disaster risks, particularly storm surges for coastal provinces, thus, provides not only scientific evidence but also supports policymaking in natural disaster prevention and control. Given this importance, this study assesses the risks of storm surges in Vietnamese coastal provinces. The results show that the coastal areas of Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An, Ha Tinh, Quang Tri and Hue face the highest risk of storm surges. On the contrary, other provinces including Da Nang, Quang Nam, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, and Ba Ria- Vung Tau face the lowest risk of storm surges. The results provide useful information for better natural disaster preparedness in Viet Nam, namely planning and zoning of future development as well as supporting early warning efforts.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"160 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48091411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-09DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2022948
H. Rifai, U. Hernawan, F. Zulpikar, C. Sondakh, R. Ambo-Rappe, N. Sjafrie, A. Irawan, H. Y. Dewanto, Y. P. Rahayu, Jeverson Reenyan, M. Safaat, L. Alifatri, S. Rahmawati, Amehr Hakim, Andi Rusandi, M. Wawo
Abstract Indonesia’s seagrass habitats play an important role in the fight against climate change since they store a significant portion of the world’s blue carbon. Despite progress in conservation efforts and increasing number of Indonesia’s marine protected areas (MPAs), these habitats are generally still under multitude of pressures leading to declining condition. Thus, there is a growing need to improve the conservation management of seagrass habitats, especially within MPAs in Indonesia. Here, we identify five challenges on managing seagrass meadows in Indonesia’s MPAs: (1) Achieving societal awareness on the importance of seagrasses in Indonesia’ MPAs; (2) Achieving fair recognition from the management authority of Indonesia’s MPAs; (3) Obtaining political initiatives related to laws and regulations on seagrass management; (4) Providing empirical data on seagrass habitats at national level repeated over time; and (5) Enhancing capacity to conduct community-based management of seagrasses. Then, we propose a series of solutions to solve these challenges. We believe that all stakeholders need to work collaboratively to secure the future of Indonesia’s seagrass habitats and maintain their capacity to deliver significant ecosystem services.
{"title":"Strategies to Improve Management of Indonesia’s Blue Carbon Seagrass Habitats in Marine Protected Areas","authors":"H. Rifai, U. Hernawan, F. Zulpikar, C. Sondakh, R. Ambo-Rappe, N. Sjafrie, A. Irawan, H. Y. Dewanto, Y. P. Rahayu, Jeverson Reenyan, M. Safaat, L. Alifatri, S. Rahmawati, Amehr Hakim, Andi Rusandi, M. Wawo","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2022948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2022948","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Indonesia’s seagrass habitats play an important role in the fight against climate change since they store a significant portion of the world’s blue carbon. Despite progress in conservation efforts and increasing number of Indonesia’s marine protected areas (MPAs), these habitats are generally still under multitude of pressures leading to declining condition. Thus, there is a growing need to improve the conservation management of seagrass habitats, especially within MPAs in Indonesia. Here, we identify five challenges on managing seagrass meadows in Indonesia’s MPAs: (1) Achieving societal awareness on the importance of seagrasses in Indonesia’ MPAs; (2) Achieving fair recognition from the management authority of Indonesia’s MPAs; (3) Obtaining political initiatives related to laws and regulations on seagrass management; (4) Providing empirical data on seagrass habitats at national level repeated over time; and (5) Enhancing capacity to conduct community-based management of seagrasses. Then, we propose a series of solutions to solve these challenges. We believe that all stakeholders need to work collaboratively to secure the future of Indonesia’s seagrass habitats and maintain their capacity to deliver significant ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"93 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48381965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006871
Patrick Christie, D. Fluharty
{"title":"Coastal Management Journal Mourns the Passing of Prof. Gordon (Kem) Lowry","authors":"Patrick Christie, D. Fluharty","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"1 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006873
M. Orbach, M. Miller
Abstract Over the centuries, the coastal zones of the world have attracted agents of political expansion and instrumental maritime (e.g., fishing, shipping, boat building) industries seeking profit, and also great numbers of the general public seeking a place for residence, relaxation, outdoor recreation, tourism and other forms of play. The impressive amenities of the coastal zone are the economic value of natural resources and the social value of a sublime biophysical and human ecology. In the United States, the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 created a mandate for special area management plans to balance protection of the coasts with provisions that allow residence, visitation, and industry. This mandate is also found in the California Coastal Act of 1974 which created the California Coastal Commission. In the time since the passage of these acts, the cultural and policy spaces of California’s coast have changed dramatically. It is, however, an open question as to whether the Coastal Commission—and the many governmental entities with which it interacts—have succeeded or failed in their mandates. Whatever the conclusion drawn, this speculative essay suggests that climate change-induced future sea level rise will render the historic coastal management institutions and approaches obsolete. The future will be very different—ecologically, culturally, economically and politically. Coastal zone practitioners will be forced to reconfigure and expand their mandates and toolkit. We encourage a recognition that the challenge before them will be a new and very different one. It will call for an adaptation of the coastal management profession and the reorientation of the training and education of the next generation of coastal leaders in the public, private and civil society sectors. This should entail an expansion of disciplinary expertise to address human dimensions topics that include planned retreat, population and infrastructure relocation, social equity and environmental justice and be intimately informed by science and stakeholder engagement.
几个世纪以来，世界沿海地区吸引了寻求利润的政治扩张和海上工具(如渔业、航运、造船)行业的代理人，也吸引了大量寻求居住、放松、户外娱乐、旅游和其他形式游戏的普通公众。沿海地区令人印象深刻的便利设施是自然资源的经济价值和崇高的生物物理和人文生态的社会价值。在美国，1972年的《沿海地区管理法》(Coastal Zone Management Act)制定了一项特别区域管理计划，以平衡对海岸的保护与允许居住、旅游和工业的规定。1974年的《加州海岸法》中也有这一规定，该法案成立了加州海岸委员会。自这些法案通过以来，加州海岸的文化和政策空间发生了巨大变化。然而，海岸委员会——以及与之互动的许多政府实体——是否成功或失败完成了他们的任务，这是一个悬而未决的问题。无论得出什么结论，这篇推测性的文章表明，气候变化引起的未来海平面上升将使历史上的沿海管理机构和方法过时。在生态、文化、经济和政治方面，未来将是非常不同的。沿海地区的从业者将被迫重新配置和扩展他们的任务和工具。我们鼓励认识到，摆在他们面前的挑战将是一个新的和非常不同的挑战。它将要求调整沿海管理专业，并重新调整公共、私营和民间社会部门下一代沿海领导人的培训和教育方向。这需要扩大学科专业知识，以解决包括计划撤退、人口和基础设施搬迁、社会公平和环境正义在内的人的维度问题，并密切关注科学和利益相关者的参与。
{"title":"How Have the U.S. Coasts Changed (and How Are They Going to Change) as Cultural and Policy Spaces? An Example from California","authors":"M. Orbach, M. Miller","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006873","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the centuries, the coastal zones of the world have attracted agents of political expansion and instrumental maritime (e.g., fishing, shipping, boat building) industries seeking profit, and also great numbers of the general public seeking a place for residence, relaxation, outdoor recreation, tourism and other forms of play. The impressive amenities of the coastal zone are the economic value of natural resources and the social value of a sublime biophysical and human ecology. In the United States, the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972 created a mandate for special area management plans to balance protection of the coasts with provisions that allow residence, visitation, and industry. This mandate is also found in the California Coastal Act of 1974 which created the California Coastal Commission. In the time since the passage of these acts, the cultural and policy spaces of California’s coast have changed dramatically. It is, however, an open question as to whether the Coastal Commission—and the many governmental entities with which it interacts—have succeeded or failed in their mandates. Whatever the conclusion drawn, this speculative essay suggests that climate change-induced future sea level rise will render the historic coastal management institutions and approaches obsolete. The future will be very different—ecologically, culturally, economically and politically. Coastal zone practitioners will be forced to reconfigure and expand their mandates and toolkit. We encourage a recognition that the challenge before them will be a new and very different one. It will call for an adaptation of the coastal management profession and the reorientation of the training and education of the next generation of coastal leaders in the public, private and civil society sectors. This should entail an expansion of disciplinary expertise to address human dimensions topics that include planned retreat, population and infrastructure relocation, social equity and environmental justice and be intimately informed by science and stakeholder engagement.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"79 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48907208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006874
Shelby White, A. Scheld
Abstract Small-scale coastal fisheries are a key feature of Virginia’s cultural heritage, account for a significant portion of the state’s annual landings, and employ thousands of individuals. Despite the value of these fisheries, the number of commercial licenses sold has declined more than 15% since 1994. Using state license and permitting data, this research investigates participation and diversification in wild fisheries and marine-related economic industries through structural change and multiple correspondence (MCA) analyses. Results indicate evidence of instability in participation and diversification since the mid-1990s. The percentage of fishermen with diverse fishing portfolios accounts for less than half of those licensed and has not varied widely. Diversification into marine-related industries, however, has increased, likely due to aquaculture expansion. While some changes can be characterized as long-term trends, others indicate that participation and diversification may change considerably over shorter periods of time. MCA indicates evidence of similarity, in terms of license and permit holdings, between participants of several wild fisheries, including fishermen with a blue crab and finfish license or permit. Participation characteristics of individuals in marine-related business has changed since 1994 with more overlap between commercial fishing and seafood sales and processing in later years. Understanding participation and diversification patterns can aid managers in assessing impacts to individuals and fishing communities during adverse events and allow for consideration of social identity in management decisions. Furthermore, understanding and contextualizing resource dependency of commercial fishers, as well as the connectivity across species and sectors, may support the long-term goals of ecosystem-based management.
{"title":"Characterizing Changes in Participation and Diversification in Small-Scale Fisheries of Virginia, USA","authors":"Shelby White, A. Scheld","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006874","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small-scale coastal fisheries are a key feature of Virginia’s cultural heritage, account for a significant portion of the state’s annual landings, and employ thousands of individuals. Despite the value of these fisheries, the number of commercial licenses sold has declined more than 15% since 1994. Using state license and permitting data, this research investigates participation and diversification in wild fisheries and marine-related economic industries through structural change and multiple correspondence (MCA) analyses. Results indicate evidence of instability in participation and diversification since the mid-1990s. The percentage of fishermen with diverse fishing portfolios accounts for less than half of those licensed and has not varied widely. Diversification into marine-related industries, however, has increased, likely due to aquaculture expansion. While some changes can be characterized as long-term trends, others indicate that participation and diversification may change considerably over shorter periods of time. MCA indicates evidence of similarity, in terms of license and permit holdings, between participants of several wild fisheries, including fishermen with a blue crab and finfish license or permit. Participation characteristics of individuals in marine-related business has changed since 1994 with more overlap between commercial fishing and seafood sales and processing in later years. Understanding participation and diversification patterns can aid managers in assessing impacts to individuals and fishing communities during adverse events and allow for consideration of social identity in management decisions. Furthermore, understanding and contextualizing resource dependency of commercial fishers, as well as the connectivity across species and sectors, may support the long-term goals of ecosystem-based management.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"3 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44525495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006879
Trine Skovgaard Kirkfeldt, J. V. van Tatenhove, H. Calado
Abstract Marine spatial planning (MSP) is currently practiced by almost half of the world’s nations. While some countries are working on their second, third or fourth round of MSP, many are going through their first round of marine spatial planning. Thus, there are experiences to share and to reflect upon. Current practices of MSP show a minimum of ecosystem-based approaches, which indicates a need to develop the practice further. This paper examines and compares best practices, selected by MSP experts, of how to take an ecosystem-based approach in MSP and presents a list of concrete actions for an ecosystem-based approach. The consulted experts consider close connections to other policies, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Habitat Directive, as key to an ecosystem-based MSP process. While most experts think there is a need for more, preferably localized and specific, guidelines, some find the existing guidelines adequate but the knowledge of how to operationalize them inadequate. The selection of best practices is diverse and suggests many different ways to practice ecosystem-based MSP.
{"title":"The Way Forward on Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Planning in the EU","authors":"Trine Skovgaard Kirkfeldt, J. V. van Tatenhove, H. Calado","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006879","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Marine spatial planning (MSP) is currently practiced by almost half of the world’s nations. While some countries are working on their second, third or fourth round of MSP, many are going through their first round of marine spatial planning. Thus, there are experiences to share and to reflect upon. Current practices of MSP show a minimum of ecosystem-based approaches, which indicates a need to develop the practice further. This paper examines and compares best practices, selected by MSP experts, of how to take an ecosystem-based approach in MSP and presents a list of concrete actions for an ecosystem-based approach. The consulted experts consider close connections to other policies, such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive and the Habitat Directive, as key to an ecosystem-based MSP process. While most experts think there is a need for more, preferably localized and specific, guidelines, some find the existing guidelines adequate but the knowledge of how to operationalize them inadequate. The selection of best practices is diverse and suggests many different ways to practice ecosystem-based MSP.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"29 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47712273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006881
Kelly Siman, David E. Kramar, S. Mackey
Abstract The Laurentian Great Lakes system holds approximately 20% of the world’s available surface freshwater and represents an immense economic engine for the region. Lake Erie, one of the five North American Great Lakes is classified as highly stressed and deteriorating with significant flooding and erosion issues stemming from record-high water levels. This study adapts a well-established oceanic coastal vulnerability index to estimate impacts and risks of lake-level rise on the Ohio portion of Lake Erie coastal social-ecological system. The authors worked closely with coastal engineers, planners, and other practitioners associated with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) and the Office of Coastal Management (OCM) to help adapt a scientifically-grounded framework for natural resource and policy decision making. Overall, place-based risk and vulnerability to flooding and erosion necessitates an integrated approach that combines socio-economic, built-environment, political boundaries, and bio-physical characteristics. While most of the integrated methodologies are focused on the oceanic coasts at the county scale, this research presents a model for Lake Erie-relevant variables at the higher-resolution census-tract unit of analysis and a coastal vulnerability index at 100-foot intervals along the coastline for four decades and each season. The result is both a foundation for Ohio’s Department of Natural Resources, Office of Coastal Management to identify scientifically-informed, place-based priority management areas for flooding and erosion, as well as a methodological roadmap to adapt the Coastal and Place Vulnerability Indices to the other Great Lakes’ states and provincial shorelines.
{"title":"Social-Ecological Risk and Vulnerability to Flooding and Erosion along the Ohio Lake Erie Shoreline","authors":"Kelly Siman, David E. Kramar, S. Mackey","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006881","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Laurentian Great Lakes system holds approximately 20% of the world’s available surface freshwater and represents an immense economic engine for the region. Lake Erie, one of the five North American Great Lakes is classified as highly stressed and deteriorating with significant flooding and erosion issues stemming from record-high water levels. This study adapts a well-established oceanic coastal vulnerability index to estimate impacts and risks of lake-level rise on the Ohio portion of Lake Erie coastal social-ecological system. The authors worked closely with coastal engineers, planners, and other practitioners associated with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) and the Office of Coastal Management (OCM) to help adapt a scientifically-grounded framework for natural resource and policy decision making. Overall, place-based risk and vulnerability to flooding and erosion necessitates an integrated approach that combines socio-economic, built-environment, political boundaries, and bio-physical characteristics. While most of the integrated methodologies are focused on the oceanic coasts at the county scale, this research presents a model for Lake Erie-relevant variables at the higher-resolution census-tract unit of analysis and a coastal vulnerability index at 100-foot intervals along the coastline for four decades and each season. The result is both a foundation for Ohio’s Department of Natural Resources, Office of Coastal Management to identify scientifically-informed, place-based priority management areas for flooding and erosion, as well as a methodological roadmap to adapt the Coastal and Place Vulnerability Indices to the other Great Lakes’ states and provincial shorelines.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"45 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41799928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2006872
G. Griggs
{"title":"Is Building Walls around Our Threatened Coastal Cities the Best Long-Term Solution to Extreme Events and Rising Sea Level?","authors":"G. Griggs","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2006872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2006872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"75 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42418182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2021.1967560
Alan T. White, Rudyanto, Muh. Firdaus Agung, Noorafebrianie Minarputri, Asri Lestari, Wen Wen, Y. Fajariyanto, A. Green, S. Tighe
Abstract Indonesia is the largest archipelagic nation in the world with 17,504 islands, a coastline of 108,000 km and 15.8% (27,255 km2) of the world’s coral reefs. This paper reviews the status of marine protected areas (MPAs) and networks of MPA in Indonesia, draws on lessons learned, and highlights what has been learned from the design of a network of MPAs for Fisheries Management Area (FMA) 715 across six eastern provinces as an example of how such work can be adapted for other parts of the country and elsewhere. Nationally, the 235,622 km2 of MPAs are mostly large (average 2,380 km2) with use zones and small no-take areas (<15 percent). MPAs are implemented by provincial governments or one of 2 national agencies. The design of a network of MPAs across FMA 715 began with 14 MPAs covering 1,977,276 ha or 4% of the marine waters of FMA 715 in 2016. Now there are 48 MPAs covering 3,062,206 hectares in the planning area, and the design process identified an additional 44 Areas of Interest required to establish new MPAs to augment the existing MPAs in FMA 715 to achieve the objectives of enhancing fisheries, protecting biodiversity, adapting to climate change while supporting community livelihoods and traditional practices. Issues identified in the process are that the scale and complexity of science and management needed is beyond what most stakeholders can easily comprehend; that implementation cuts across multiple jurisdictions with a still-new formal mandate for planning and managing the large network area; and, that the present process could only be possible with outside facilitating expertise. Finally, since the national conservation agency is currently finalizing legal guidelines for the planning and implementation of sub-national networks of MPA, this process has educated many and the result will lend legal and governance support to the continued planning and implementation of the FMA 715 MPA Network and for other areas.
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