Pub Date : 2022-08-16DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2107858
J. L. Barros, A. Tavares, P. Santos, P. Freire
Abstract The coastal zone of mainland Portugal is characterized by its morpho-sedimentary diversity such as estuaries, lagoons, barrier islands, beaches, dunes and cliffs. The high population density and the multiplicity of land use, occupation and activities, makes it an area of great national strategic value. This transforms the coastal zone into a multi-hazard zone, where the occurrences related to coastal flooding and overtopping stand out. In the present work, a multidimensional methodology called Coastal Territorial Vulnerability Index (CTVI) was developed and applied in three selected areas with a historical record of coastal impacts, to analyze, evaluate and interpret the local vulnerability. The methodology considers four components of coastal territorial vulnerability: morphology, land value, buildings and public areas characteristics. These four components are combined to calculate the CTVI. The results highlight the differences for the analyzed areas, allowing the differentiation of natural and artificial areas. In the natural areas a moderate CTVI predominates, while in the latter, a high and very high CTVI stands out. The results contribute to the development of a comprehensive coastal flood risk assessment and forecasting the impacts.
{"title":"Enhancing a Coastal Territorial Vulnerability Index: Anticipating the Impacts of Coastal Flooding with a Local Scale Approach","authors":"J. L. Barros, A. Tavares, P. Santos, P. Freire","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2107858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2107858","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The coastal zone of mainland Portugal is characterized by its morpho-sedimentary diversity such as estuaries, lagoons, barrier islands, beaches, dunes and cliffs. The high population density and the multiplicity of land use, occupation and activities, makes it an area of great national strategic value. This transforms the coastal zone into a multi-hazard zone, where the occurrences related to coastal flooding and overtopping stand out. In the present work, a multidimensional methodology called Coastal Territorial Vulnerability Index (CTVI) was developed and applied in three selected areas with a historical record of coastal impacts, to analyze, evaluate and interpret the local vulnerability. The methodology considers four components of coastal territorial vulnerability: morphology, land value, buildings and public areas characteristics. These four components are combined to calculate the CTVI. The results highlight the differences for the analyzed areas, allowing the differentiation of natural and artificial areas. In the natural areas a moderate CTVI predominates, while in the latter, a high and very high CTVI stands out. The results contribute to the development of a comprehensive coastal flood risk assessment and forecasting the impacts.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"442 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43522831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-19DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2082857
D. Bell, S. Bricker, Christopher Kinkade, Elizabeth S. Darrow
Abstract Expansion of shellfish aquaculture in the U.S. is currently being promoted for its demonstrated potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable food production system. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), through its network of protected estuarine sites and research, education, and interpretation mandates, may provide an effective means for enhancing public awareness and management of shellfish aquaculture within the nation’s estuarine areas. However, the NERRS’s role regarding the presence of aquaculture within Reserve boundaries, for research or non-research purposes, is not broadly understood by NERRS stakeholders. The goals of this study were to broadly review and highlight the current activities, regulatory framework, and engagement approaches to aquaculture within the NERRS, and more specifically, to focus on the suitability and role(s) the NERRS may choose to seek or strengthen with respect to shellfish aquaculture. To accomplish this, a survey questionnaire was disseminated within the NERRS community. Twelve of the 29 Reserves within the NERRS held some type of aquaculture activity, while 17 Reserves believed their Reserve was suitable or potentially suitable for shellfish aquaculture. Reserve suitability was driven by a range of factors, including: water quality, NERRS regulations, character of Reserve land-managing entities, scope of protected areas, and preexisting or historical shellfish aquaculture and/or wild harvest activities. Overall, the Reserves’ approach to shellfish aquaculture was locally focused, but with patterns that reflected a regional influence. Additionally, Reserves displayed key roles as coordinating entities and a trusted source of science. Particularly with establishing commercial aquaculture, it is critical to couple the goals of an aquaculture activity with the net positive and negative impacts to a specific geographic area. We recommend that the NERRS would benefit from developing best management practices for approaching shellfish aquaculture within Reserve boundaries, and educating and engaging with shellfish aquaculture stakeholders. One approach might be to develop a decision-support model for approaching and allowing each use of aquaculture (research, restoration, conservation, recreation, and commercial), in collaboration with regulatory agencies and other stakeholders.
{"title":"Bivalve Shellfish Aquaculture in the National Estuarine Research Reserves: Assessing Current Activities, Relevant Policy, and Engagement Approaches","authors":"D. Bell, S. Bricker, Christopher Kinkade, Elizabeth S. Darrow","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2082857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2082857","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Expansion of shellfish aquaculture in the U.S. is currently being promoted for its demonstrated potential as an environmentally friendly and sustainable food production system. The National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS), through its network of protected estuarine sites and research, education, and interpretation mandates, may provide an effective means for enhancing public awareness and management of shellfish aquaculture within the nation’s estuarine areas. However, the NERRS’s role regarding the presence of aquaculture within Reserve boundaries, for research or non-research purposes, is not broadly understood by NERRS stakeholders. The goals of this study were to broadly review and highlight the current activities, regulatory framework, and engagement approaches to aquaculture within the NERRS, and more specifically, to focus on the suitability and role(s) the NERRS may choose to seek or strengthen with respect to shellfish aquaculture. To accomplish this, a survey questionnaire was disseminated within the NERRS community. Twelve of the 29 Reserves within the NERRS held some type of aquaculture activity, while 17 Reserves believed their Reserve was suitable or potentially suitable for shellfish aquaculture. Reserve suitability was driven by a range of factors, including: water quality, NERRS regulations, character of Reserve land-managing entities, scope of protected areas, and preexisting or historical shellfish aquaculture and/or wild harvest activities. Overall, the Reserves’ approach to shellfish aquaculture was locally focused, but with patterns that reflected a regional influence. Additionally, Reserves displayed key roles as coordinating entities and a trusted source of science. Particularly with establishing commercial aquaculture, it is critical to couple the goals of an aquaculture activity with the net positive and negative impacts to a specific geographic area. We recommend that the NERRS would benefit from developing best management practices for approaching shellfish aquaculture within Reserve boundaries, and educating and engaging with shellfish aquaculture stakeholders. One approach might be to develop a decision-support model for approaching and allowing each use of aquaculture (research, restoration, conservation, recreation, and commercial), in collaboration with regulatory agencies and other stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"419 - 441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42633978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-04DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2078175
Nawaf Alhajaj, C. Hendrigan
Abstract This study questions global best-practice policies regarding public access to the shorelines of rapidly-growing cities, based on a mega-urban district in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where residents are not yet provided with public open space, nor with physical or visual access to the qualitatively desirable shoreline. We applied a policy-led review of local legal frameworks and global best-practices of shoreline public access management, followed by several descriptive research strategies to develop four public access strategies that connect the district with its shoreline. The developed strategies can inform other cities with competing population growth pressures, in providing the health benefits of equitable public shoreline access. The strategies raise new management issues such as shoreline public access locations, capital and operational financing, and ecological consequences.
{"title":"Out of Sight and Out of Reach: Public Access Strategies Using a Mixed Method to Reconnect a Saudi Urban Mega-District with its Shoreline","authors":"Nawaf Alhajaj, C. Hendrigan","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2078175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2078175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study questions global best-practice policies regarding public access to the shorelines of rapidly-growing cities, based on a mega-urban district in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, where residents are not yet provided with public open space, nor with physical or visual access to the qualitatively desirable shoreline. We applied a policy-led review of local legal frameworks and global best-practices of shoreline public access management, followed by several descriptive research strategies to develop four public access strategies that connect the district with its shoreline. The developed strategies can inform other cities with competing population growth pressures, in providing the health benefits of equitable public shoreline access. The strategies raise new management issues such as shoreline public access locations, capital and operational financing, and ecological consequences.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"325 - 345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43993987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2078172
Sien van der Plank, Shelly-Ann Cox, J. Cumberbatch, R. Mahon, Bethia Thomas, E. Tompkins, J. Corbett
Abstract The merits of polycentric climate governance have attracted considerable discussion. On the one hand, polycentric governance offers an alternative to top-down state-centric forms that have so far proven elusive. On the other, highly networked systems increase coordination challenges. Less attention has been paid to the varying capacities required to achieve coordination. In this article we explore the coordination of polycentric governance via a case study of sargassum influx management in the Caribbean. Since 2011, large quantities of sargassum seaweed have been washing up on Caribbean beaches with adverse socio-economic impacts. Our analysis of sargassum management policies reveals that a nascent polycentric system has generated significant cooperation in policy development and application across the region. However, there remain national capacity deficits to engage in this form of governance and to implement agreed actions. We conclude that advocates of a polycentric climate governance regime need to consider how capacity shapes participation, to the advantage of the largest and strongest. Polycentric governance can be useful for solving disparate cross-border environmental problems, but it also imposes a cost on the smallest that has thus far been unacknowledged and undertheorized.
{"title":"Polycentric Governance, Coordination and Capacity: The Case of Sargassum Influxes in the Caribbean","authors":"Sien van der Plank, Shelly-Ann Cox, J. Cumberbatch, R. Mahon, Bethia Thomas, E. Tompkins, J. Corbett","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2078172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2078172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The merits of polycentric climate governance have attracted considerable discussion. On the one hand, polycentric governance offers an alternative to top-down state-centric forms that have so far proven elusive. On the other, highly networked systems increase coordination challenges. Less attention has been paid to the varying capacities required to achieve coordination. In this article we explore the coordination of polycentric governance via a case study of sargassum influx management in the Caribbean. Since 2011, large quantities of sargassum seaweed have been washing up on Caribbean beaches with adverse socio-economic impacts. Our analysis of sargassum management policies reveals that a nascent polycentric system has generated significant cooperation in policy development and application across the region. However, there remain national capacity deficits to engage in this form of governance and to implement agreed actions. We conclude that advocates of a polycentric climate governance regime need to consider how capacity shapes participation, to the advantage of the largest and strongest. Polycentric governance can be useful for solving disparate cross-border environmental problems, but it also imposes a cost on the smallest that has thus far been unacknowledged and undertheorized.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"285 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48228659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-10DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2078174
Vivianne Mazzocco, Tahsin Hasan, Simona Trandafir, E. Uchida
Abstract Salt marshes are an integral part of coastal ecosystems that are changing rapidly with sea level rise (SLR). Because marshes provide important ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and shoreline protection, it is critical to understand how their economic benefit values are likely to be affected by SLR. Such change, however, depends on the capacity of marshes to adapt to flooding by migrating inland. This study provides the economic value of changes in carbon and non-carbon benefits using predicted changes in salt marsh coverage in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island under three SLR scenarios and two marsh adaptation conditions. We apply regional carbon prices and a value function transfer approach to value other salt marsh service values. Results indicate an average annual value of $1,863/acre for carbon and $2,537/acre for non-carbon ecosystem services. This yields a mean discounted value of $592 million (M) (+14% compared to no change) over 90 years. We discuss alternative management strategies to enhance marshes’ capacity to migrate inland, which may accrue as much as $659 M.
{"title":"Economic Value of Salt Marshes under Uncertainty of Sea Level Rise: A Case Study of the Narragansett Bay","authors":"Vivianne Mazzocco, Tahsin Hasan, Simona Trandafir, E. Uchida","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2078174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2078174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Salt marshes are an integral part of coastal ecosystems that are changing rapidly with sea level rise (SLR). Because marshes provide important ecosystem services, such as carbon sequestration and shoreline protection, it is critical to understand how their economic benefit values are likely to be affected by SLR. Such change, however, depends on the capacity of marshes to adapt to flooding by migrating inland. This study provides the economic value of changes in carbon and non-carbon benefits using predicted changes in salt marsh coverage in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island under three SLR scenarios and two marsh adaptation conditions. We apply regional carbon prices and a value function transfer approach to value other salt marsh service values. Results indicate an average annual value of $1,863/acre for carbon and $2,537/acre for non-carbon ecosystem services. This yields a mean discounted value of $592 million (M) (+14% compared to no change) over 90 years. We discuss alternative management strategies to enhance marshes’ capacity to migrate inland, which may accrue as much as $659 M.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"306 - 324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43884681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-07DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2078176
Md. Ruyel Miah, M. Hossain, M. Islam
Abstract Small-scale fisheries are affected by both local and external pressures, despite the contribution to poverty alleviation, employment, and food and nutritional security. Diverse social and ecological pressures make small-scale fishing communities trapped in persistent cycles of a particular fisheries resource dependence. Consequently, the overall sustainability of that particular species, especially biological, economic and social aspects, becomes vulnerable. This study investigates the biological, economic, and social aspects of a commercially important fish species, i.e., mud crab (Scylla sp.) and explores its link to social-ecological traps. The findings show how the social-ecological traps are forming based on mud crab resource utilization, poverty, overcapitalization and seasonality of crab availability, coupled with weak institutions and governance. Apart from ongoing environmental risks (e.g., extreme climate events), negative feedback comes from poor enforcement of rules and regulations, illegal and destructive fishing, inadequate income, social conflicts, and declining stock. In response to crises, fishers are increasingly dependent on middlemen, leading to the unfair price of their products compared to the market. To escape from the social-ecological traps, strong local institutions, alternative income opportunities, compliance of fishing laws (e.g., gear selectivity, harvest, and trade prohibition of undersize crabs), strong collaboration between management authority and local stakeholders are important toward ensuring the sustainability of the mud crab fishery in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.
{"title":"Assessing Sustainability Aspects of Mud Crab (Scylla sp.) Fishery and Its Link to Social-Ecological Traps in the Bangladesh Sundarbans","authors":"Md. Ruyel Miah, M. Hossain, M. Islam","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2078176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2078176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Small-scale fisheries are affected by both local and external pressures, despite the contribution to poverty alleviation, employment, and food and nutritional security. Diverse social and ecological pressures make small-scale fishing communities trapped in persistent cycles of a particular fisheries resource dependence. Consequently, the overall sustainability of that particular species, especially biological, economic and social aspects, becomes vulnerable. This study investigates the biological, economic, and social aspects of a commercially important fish species, i.e., mud crab (Scylla sp.) and explores its link to social-ecological traps. The findings show how the social-ecological traps are forming based on mud crab resource utilization, poverty, overcapitalization and seasonality of crab availability, coupled with weak institutions and governance. Apart from ongoing environmental risks (e.g., extreme climate events), negative feedback comes from poor enforcement of rules and regulations, illegal and destructive fishing, inadequate income, social conflicts, and declining stock. In response to crises, fishers are increasingly dependent on middlemen, leading to the unfair price of their products compared to the market. To escape from the social-ecological traps, strong local institutions, alternative income opportunities, compliance of fishing laws (e.g., gear selectivity, harvest, and trade prohibition of undersize crabs), strong collaboration between management authority and local stakeholders are important toward ensuring the sustainability of the mud crab fishery in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"346 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45491100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2082835
Kahlil Hassanali
Abstract Members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) exhibit strong economic, social and cultural connection with and dependence on the marine and coastal environment. Efforts to encourage the sustainable use and protection of the ocean and its resources should therefore be an area of interest and competence for the regional group which seeks to engender cooperation in matters of economic and social development. This paper examines the regionally relevant institutional arrangements that frame and execute ocean development and governance within CARICOM. It finds that while some important sectors, such as fisheries and tourism, have specific organizations established geared toward regional coordination in management of those activities, others, including offshore oil and gas, marine scientific research, and port and shipping development, lack similar arrangements. Additionally, the CARICOM group lags in adopting a holistic, ecosystem approach to ocean management with siloed approaches dominating and few formal mechanisms for intersectoral coordination existing. This paper advocates for and proposes means toward increased integration at a regional level for the management and continued governance of the marine space, its associated resources and activities. It also seeks to encourage the participatory development of a regional blue economy policy framework and strategy which would outline, among other things, CARICOM’s ocean vision and development priorities.
{"title":"Examining Institutional Arrangements toward Coordinated Regional Ocean Governance and Blue Economy Policy Development in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)","authors":"Kahlil Hassanali","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2082835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2082835","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Members of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) exhibit strong economic, social and cultural connection with and dependence on the marine and coastal environment. Efforts to encourage the sustainable use and protection of the ocean and its resources should therefore be an area of interest and competence for the regional group which seeks to engender cooperation in matters of economic and social development. This paper examines the regionally relevant institutional arrangements that frame and execute ocean development and governance within CARICOM. It finds that while some important sectors, such as fisheries and tourism, have specific organizations established geared toward regional coordination in management of those activities, others, including offshore oil and gas, marine scientific research, and port and shipping development, lack similar arrangements. Additionally, the CARICOM group lags in adopting a holistic, ecosystem approach to ocean management with siloed approaches dominating and few formal mechanisms for intersectoral coordination existing. This paper advocates for and proposes means toward increased integration at a regional level for the management and continued governance of the marine space, its associated resources and activities. It also seeks to encourage the participatory development of a regional blue economy policy framework and strategy which would outline, among other things, CARICOM’s ocean vision and development priorities.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"385 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2078177
Yael Segal, Y. Gertner, G. Sisma‐Ventura, Dror Zurel, B. Herut
Abstract This research examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine litter pollution along the Israeli coast, which constitutes a terminal area in the Mediterranean Sea large-scale circulation. Surveys for litter were conducted on four beaches along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Sampling was done pre-pandemic in June, September, and December of 2019; during the first year of the pandemic in March, June, September, and December of 2020; and during the second year of the pandemic in March 2021. The study revealed that during the first year of the pandemic, beach litter concentration was reduced by 47 ± 27% on all beaches. The decrease in beach litter continued during the second year on most beaches (34 ± 22% reduction) and was most observable for plastic products, which have a high potential to float and travel long distances. The decline in beach litter concentration in the Israeli beaches during the pandemic was statistically significant. The barcode analysis indicates the appearance of non-Israeli debris on the shores (22-81% pre-COVID-19 and 5-47% during-COVID-19), which supports the assumption that the reduction in marine litter pollution was affected by the decline in beach activity both locally and in other coastal neighboring countries. An additional effect of the pandemic was the appearance of single-use plastic masks and gloves in April 2020, influenced by the epidemic’s regulations and restrictions. Despite the decline in beach marine litter concentration during COVID-19, plastic pollution is a high concern in this heavily populated coastal region. Our data set provides an indication for the potential of local and regional regulations to reduce further beach litter pollution and a baseline for continuous monitoring of these processes. Highlights The impact of COVID-19 on beach litter pollution along Israel’s coast was studied Significant decline in beach litter concentration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Barcode analysis reveals debris is 22-57% from non-local sources. Litter associated with COVID-19 was identified for the first time just as pandemic start
{"title":"The State of Beach Litter Pollution during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of the Israeli Coasts","authors":"Yael Segal, Y. Gertner, G. Sisma‐Ventura, Dror Zurel, B. Herut","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2078177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2078177","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This research examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on marine litter pollution along the Israeli coast, which constitutes a terminal area in the Mediterranean Sea large-scale circulation. Surveys for litter were conducted on four beaches along the Israeli Mediterranean coast. Sampling was done pre-pandemic in June, September, and December of 2019; during the first year of the pandemic in March, June, September, and December of 2020; and during the second year of the pandemic in March 2021. The study revealed that during the first year of the pandemic, beach litter concentration was reduced by 47 ± 27% on all beaches. The decrease in beach litter continued during the second year on most beaches (34 ± 22% reduction) and was most observable for plastic products, which have a high potential to float and travel long distances. The decline in beach litter concentration in the Israeli beaches during the pandemic was statistically significant. The barcode analysis indicates the appearance of non-Israeli debris on the shores (22-81% pre-COVID-19 and 5-47% during-COVID-19), which supports the assumption that the reduction in marine litter pollution was affected by the decline in beach activity both locally and in other coastal neighboring countries. An additional effect of the pandemic was the appearance of single-use plastic masks and gloves in April 2020, influenced by the epidemic’s regulations and restrictions. Despite the decline in beach marine litter concentration during COVID-19, plastic pollution is a high concern in this heavily populated coastal region. Our data set provides an indication for the potential of local and regional regulations to reduce further beach litter pollution and a baseline for continuous monitoring of these processes. Highlights The impact of COVID-19 on beach litter pollution along Israel’s coast was studied Significant decline in beach litter concentration during the Covid-19 pandemic. Barcode analysis reveals debris is 22-57% from non-local sources. Litter associated with COVID-19 was identified for the first time just as pandemic start","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"372 - 384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45719002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1080/08920753.2022.2082856
N. Cruz-Pérez, Marie-Denise Dessimoz, J. Rodríguez-Martín, Celso García, F. Ioraș, J. C. Santamarta
Abstract The Canary Islands have a maritime position, and there are many ports along their coasts, including commercial, passenger transport and marinas, which is the case studied here. This document aims to determine the impact of marinas on the environment. To achieve this, carbon and water footprint calculation tools were used. A survey was developed and sent to the managers of the marinas, with questions that addressed three areas of the carbon footprint and the blue water in the water footprint calculation. Once the completed surveys were received, the data were processed and converted into tons of CO2 equivalent, using emission factors published in official Spanish sources. The amount of greenhouse gases produced by the marinas studied was obtained. One of the most remarkable findings is that companies working for the marinas (scope 3) have an important effect on the calculation, since not only the marina’s own activities generate emissions but also the movement of vehicles of companies related to this facility.
{"title":"Carbon and Water Footprints of Marinas in the Canary Islands (Spain)","authors":"N. Cruz-Pérez, Marie-Denise Dessimoz, J. Rodríguez-Martín, Celso García, F. Ioraș, J. C. Santamarta","doi":"10.1080/08920753.2022.2082856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2082856","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Canary Islands have a maritime position, and there are many ports along their coasts, including commercial, passenger transport and marinas, which is the case studied here. This document aims to determine the impact of marinas on the environment. To achieve this, carbon and water footprint calculation tools were used. A survey was developed and sent to the managers of the marinas, with questions that addressed three areas of the carbon footprint and the blue water in the water footprint calculation. Once the completed surveys were received, the data were processed and converted into tons of CO2 equivalent, using emission factors published in official Spanish sources. The amount of greenhouse gases produced by the marinas studied was obtained. One of the most remarkable findings is that companies working for the marinas (scope 3) have an important effect on the calculation, since not only the marina’s own activities generate emissions but also the movement of vehicles of companies related to this facility.","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"50 1","pages":"408 - 418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43484752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maeson S Latsko, Daniel C Koboldt, Samuel J Franklin, Scott E Hickey, Rachel K Williamson, Shannon Garner, Adam P Ostendorf, Kristy Lee, Peter White, Richard K Wilson
De novo variants are increasingly recognized as a common cause of early infantile epileptic encephalopathies. We present a 4-year-old male with epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and global developmental delay. Whole genome sequencing of the proband and his unaffected parents revealed a novel de novo missense variant in GRIA2 (c.1589A>T; p.Lys530Met; ENST00000264426.14). Variants in the GRIA2 gene were recently reported to cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairments and behavioral abnormalities (OMIM; MIM #618917), a condition characterized by intellectual disability and developmental delay in which seizures are a common feature. The de novo variant identified in our patient maps to the edge of a key ligand binding domain of the AMPA receptor and has not been previously reported in gnomAD or other public databases, making it novel. Our findings provided a long-sought diagnosis for this patient and support the link between GRIA2 and a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder.
{"title":"De novo missense mutation in GRIA2 in a patient with global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and epileptic encephalopathy.","authors":"Maeson S Latsko, Daniel C Koboldt, Samuel J Franklin, Scott E Hickey, Rachel K Williamson, Shannon Garner, Adam P Ostendorf, Kristy Lee, Peter White, Richard K Wilson","doi":"10.1101/mcs.a006172","DOIUrl":"10.1101/mcs.a006172","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>De novo variants are increasingly recognized as a common cause of early infantile epileptic encephalopathies. We present a 4-year-old male with epileptic encephalopathy characterized by seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and global developmental delay. Whole genome sequencing of the proband and his unaffected parents revealed a novel de novo missense variant in GRIA2 (c.1589A>T; p.Lys530Met; ENST00000264426.14). Variants in the GRIA2 gene were recently reported to cause an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder with language impairments and behavioral abnormalities (OMIM; MIM #618917), a condition characterized by intellectual disability and developmental delay in which seizures are a common feature. The de novo variant identified in our patient maps to the edge of a key ligand binding domain of the AMPA receptor and has not been previously reported in gnomAD or other public databases, making it novel. Our findings provided a long-sought diagnosis for this patient and support the link between GRIA2 and a dominant neurodevelopmental disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":50995,"journal":{"name":"Coastal Management","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9235849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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