Mengyue Ren, Xiangling Jia, Tianyin Huang, Bingdang Wu, Jingjing Yang
Efficient and low-cost removal of fluoride from water has attracted wide attention. Here, aluminum-modified hydroxyapatite (Al-HAP) was prepared by a homogeneous hydrothermal co-precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the Al-HAP surface were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, BET, and zeta potential, and the adsorption performances were evaluated. It showed that Al-HAP has a larger specific surface area (121.97 m2/g, which is 2.3 times larger than that of HAP), more surface-active hydroxyls and positively charged at pH less than 7, which indicate that Al-HAP is beneficial to the adsorption of negatively charged fluoride. Al-HAP had a higher fluoride adsorption capacity (56.44 mg/g) than that of HAP (28.36 mg/g), and not sensitive to the interference of coexisting ions except CO32-. Based on the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm experiments, the proposed two-stage kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model can better describe the adsorption process. From the results of XPS and FT-IR, it indicated that the ion exchange between hydroxyl group on the surface and fluoride ions is the main driven force for the adsorption, and electrostatic adsorption is also helpful. The present study provides an improved HAP to effectively remove fluoride from water.
{"title":"Fluoride removal by hydroxyapatite modified with anhydrous aluminum chloride","authors":"Mengyue Ren, Xiangling Jia, Tianyin Huang, Bingdang Wu, Jingjing Yang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.117","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Efficient and low-cost removal of fluoride from water has attracted wide attention. Here, aluminum-modified hydroxyapatite (Al-HAP) was prepared by a homogeneous hydrothermal co-precipitation method. The physicochemical properties of the Al-HAP surface were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, BET, and zeta potential, and the adsorption performances were evaluated. It showed that Al-HAP has a larger specific surface area (121.97 m2/g, which is 2.3 times larger than that of HAP), more surface-active hydroxyls and positively charged at pH less than 7, which indicate that Al-HAP is beneficial to the adsorption of negatively charged fluoride. Al-HAP had a higher fluoride adsorption capacity (56.44 mg/g) than that of HAP (28.36 mg/g), and not sensitive to the interference of coexisting ions except CO32-. Based on the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm experiments, the proposed two-stage kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm model can better describe the adsorption process. From the results of XPS and FT-IR, it indicated that the ion exchange between hydroxyl group on the surface and fluoride ions is the main driven force for the adsorption, and electrostatic adsorption is also helpful. The present study provides an improved HAP to effectively remove fluoride from water.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed static management, i.e., without planned periodic maintenance of the storage (no sediment dredging) denoted as SC1, or with maintenance denoted as SC2. The second approach was dynamic management based on applying Real-Time Control (RTC) techniques to scenario SC1 and scenario SC2 denoted as RTC-1 and RTC-2, respectively. The dynamic management of the UCT dam with RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase yield by 2.1 and 1.1 ml, respectively. Additionally, RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase volumetric reliability by 5.3 and 2.5%, respectively, while maintaining the required level of service of a stormwater harvesting system. SC1 and SC2 results in water savings of up to 21.15 and 21.45 ZAR/kl, respectively, while RTC-1 and RTC-2 could save up to 19.35 and 19.45 ZAR/kl. Thus, static configurations results in water savings approximately 9% in comparison to RTC. In addition, static configurations harvested stormwater at a relatively lowest unit cost in comparison to RTC configurations. Notwithstanding this finding, the RTC system exhibits a great potential in reshaping the stormwater harvesting system to simultaneously deliver water conservation and stormwater management.
{"title":"Toward a water-sensitive precinct with stormwater harvesting: a case study in South Africa","authors":"Malesela Michael Mogano, John Okedi","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.116","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study assessed static management, i.e., without planned periodic maintenance of the storage (no sediment dredging) denoted as SC1, or with maintenance denoted as SC2. The second approach was dynamic management based on applying Real-Time Control (RTC) techniques to scenario SC1 and scenario SC2 denoted as RTC-1 and RTC-2, respectively. The dynamic management of the UCT dam with RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase yield by 2.1 and 1.1 ml, respectively. Additionally, RTC-1 and RTC-2 approaches increase volumetric reliability by 5.3 and 2.5%, respectively, while maintaining the required level of service of a stormwater harvesting system. SC1 and SC2 results in water savings of up to 21.15 and 21.45 ZAR/kl, respectively, while RTC-1 and RTC-2 could save up to 19.35 and 19.45 ZAR/kl. Thus, static configurations results in water savings approximately 9% in comparison to RTC. In addition, static configurations harvested stormwater at a relatively lowest unit cost in comparison to RTC configurations. Notwithstanding this finding, the RTC system exhibits a great potential in reshaping the stormwater harvesting system to simultaneously deliver water conservation and stormwater management.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Considering groundwater from the aquifers overlying the bedrock is an important water source for drinking purposes. As such, the investigation of its property is essential. Based on the spatial structure of aquifers in the study area, the aquifers in the Cenozoic strata are divided into three groups. The multivariate statistical approaches are employed to identify the hydrogeochemical processes and hydro-chemical types, and hydrogeochemical inverse modeling is applied to further validate and elucidate the hydrogeochemical process and water–rock interaction. The results are as follows: (1) The hydro-chemical type of the upper aquifer is dominated by the K + Na-HCO3 type, while others have similar water quality types, which are dominated by the K + Na-Cl type and the K + Na-SO4 type. (2) The saturation index of anhydrite, gypsum, halite, and CO2(g) is below zero in three aquifers, indicating that they are unsaturated. While aragonite, calcite, and dolomite in the middle aquifer remain in the unsaturated–saturated state. (3) The cation exchange process accelerating the reduction of Ca2+ concentration and the increase of SO42− concentration occurs in three aquifers, and the dissolution of calcite and dolomite minerals occurs in most cases. This study supports the fundamental evidence for the hydrogeochemical processes and water resource utilization and has a certain practical significance.
{"title":"Hydrogeochemical evolution and processes based on multivariable statistical and inverse simulation modeling: A coal mine in the Northern Coalfield, China","authors":"Jingzhong Zhu, Wenping Li, Baoxin Zhao, Qilin Jiang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.111","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Considering groundwater from the aquifers overlying the bedrock is an important water source for drinking purposes. As such, the investigation of its property is essential. Based on the spatial structure of aquifers in the study area, the aquifers in the Cenozoic strata are divided into three groups. The multivariate statistical approaches are employed to identify the hydrogeochemical processes and hydro-chemical types, and hydrogeochemical inverse modeling is applied to further validate and elucidate the hydrogeochemical process and water–rock interaction. The results are as follows: (1) The hydro-chemical type of the upper aquifer is dominated by the K + Na-HCO3 type, while others have similar water quality types, which are dominated by the K + Na-Cl type and the K + Na-SO4 type. (2) The saturation index of anhydrite, gypsum, halite, and CO2(g) is below zero in three aquifers, indicating that they are unsaturated. While aragonite, calcite, and dolomite in the middle aquifer remain in the unsaturated–saturated state. (3) The cation exchange process accelerating the reduction of Ca2+ concentration and the increase of SO42− concentration occurs in three aquifers, and the dissolution of calcite and dolomite minerals occurs in most cases. This study supports the fundamental evidence for the hydrogeochemical processes and water resource utilization and has a certain practical significance.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the green development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) by exploring the synergistic reduction of water pollution and carbon emissions. Firstly, a differential game model is constructed to reduce pollution and carbon in the water supply chain. Secondly, the emission reduction strategies of water source and receiving areas under centralized and decentralized decision models are compared and analyzed and a cost-sharing contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain. Finally, numerical analysis is used to compare and analyze the important parameters to draw conclusions. The results show that: (1) Collaboration between water source and receiving areas influences emission reduction efforts, with the highest achieved under the centralized model. (2) The cost-sharing contract improves efforts and addresses ‘free-riding’ in the decentralized model. (3) The SNWDP can achieve a win-win situation in terms of both environmental and economic benefits by promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
{"title":"Coordinated emission reduction strategy of water pollution and carbon emissions in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project based on a differential game model","authors":"Junfei Chen, Yusong Cheng, Wentong Yang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.115","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study investigates the green development of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (SNWDP) by exploring the synergistic reduction of water pollution and carbon emissions. Firstly, a differential game model is constructed to reduce pollution and carbon in the water supply chain. Secondly, the emission reduction strategies of water source and receiving areas under centralized and decentralized decision models are compared and analyzed and a cost-sharing contract is designed to coordinate the supply chain. Finally, numerical analysis is used to compare and analyze the important parameters to draw conclusions. The results show that: (1) Collaboration between water source and receiving areas influences emission reduction efforts, with the highest achieved under the centralized model. (2) The cost-sharing contract improves efforts and addresses ‘free-riding’ in the decentralized model. (3) The SNWDP can achieve a win-win situation in terms of both environmental and economic benefits by promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the pressures of global climate change and human activities, the carrying capacity of water and soil resources in agricultural lands has decreased, and the traditional models of agricultural development are no longer sustainable. Land degradation, groundwater quality reduction and ecosystem instability are the consequences of agricultural development without considering sustainability indicators. This article aims to investigate the use of variable relationship analysis and Bayesian network methods to analyze and investigate the relationship between irrigation in agriculture and the sustainability of the groundwater ecosystem. Descriptive statistics of agriculture including cultivation pattern, time, precipitation, irrigation, and land slope were analyzed and combined with the simulated characteristics of groundwater including specific yield, hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic diffusion coefficients. Five crops of wheat, barley, paddy, alfalfa, and potato were studied to evaluate the effect of plants on the pattern of nitrate release due to irrigation and fertilization in agriculture. The results showed that managing the amount of fertilizer and the volume of irrigation can positively affect the nitrate distribution pattern in the groundwater even in a short period of time.
{"title":"Sustainable water–ecosystem management using the Bayesian network and variable relationship analysis","authors":"Pengyu Zhang, Meng Jia, Xiaojuan Wei","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.109","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Under the pressures of global climate change and human activities, the carrying capacity of water and soil resources in agricultural lands has decreased, and the traditional models of agricultural development are no longer sustainable. Land degradation, groundwater quality reduction and ecosystem instability are the consequences of agricultural development without considering sustainability indicators. This article aims to investigate the use of variable relationship analysis and Bayesian network methods to analyze and investigate the relationship between irrigation in agriculture and the sustainability of the groundwater ecosystem. Descriptive statistics of agriculture including cultivation pattern, time, precipitation, irrigation, and land slope were analyzed and combined with the simulated characteristics of groundwater including specific yield, hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic diffusion coefficients. Five crops of wheat, barley, paddy, alfalfa, and potato were studied to evaluate the effect of plants on the pattern of nitrate release due to irrigation and fertilization in agriculture. The results showed that managing the amount of fertilizer and the volume of irrigation can positively affect the nitrate distribution pattern in the groundwater even in a short period of time.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study takes Guanshan River Basin, a typical inflow river of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, as the research area, and the nonpoint source (NPS) pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated by establishing a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals were also evaluated by combining the SWAT and simple output coefficient method. The results show that the pollutant load in Guanshan River Basin contributes significantly to the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Temporally, pollutant loads were primarily concentrated in the flood season, which had a significant positive correlation with precipitation, water yield, and sediments in the abundant period. Among them, sediments were the most important driving factor, followed by water yield. Spatially, pollutant loads were mainly concentrated downstream of the basin, where cultivated land is widespread. In this regard, it is suggested that the input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock manure in cultivated land should be controlled and soil erosion downstream of the basin should be prevented to mitigate nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollution. This research offers a basis for the formulation and implementation of watershed management for the Danjiangkou Reservoir.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals loads in Guanshan River Basin based on SWAT modeling","authors":"Wulin Chen, Teng Ma, Liuzhu Chen, Wenhui Liu, Ruihua Shang, Zhanqiang Chen","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This study takes Guanshan River Basin, a typical inflow river of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, as the research area, and the nonpoint source (NPS) pollution characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus from 2013 to 2018 were evaluated by establishing a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The pollution characteristics of heavy metals were also evaluated by combining the SWAT and simple output coefficient method. The results show that the pollutant load in Guanshan River Basin contributes significantly to the Danjiangkou Reservoir. Temporally, pollutant loads were primarily concentrated in the flood season, which had a significant positive correlation with precipitation, water yield, and sediments in the abundant period. Among them, sediments were the most important driving factor, followed by water yield. Spatially, pollutant loads were mainly concentrated downstream of the basin, where cultivated land is widespread. In this regard, it is suggested that the input of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and livestock manure in cultivated land should be controlled and soil erosion downstream of the basin should be prevented to mitigate nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metal pollution. This research offers a basis for the formulation and implementation of watershed management for the Danjiangkou Reservoir.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Haziq Khan, Yong Xiao, Hongjie Yang, Yuqing Zhang, Liwei Wang, Jie Wang, Wenxu Hu, Feiyu Chen, Rohit Shrestha
Groundwater is a crucial water resource for various usages worldwide. The Quetta Valley of Pakistan was investigated regarding its groundwater quality sustainability based on integrated approaches of hydrochemistry, geographic information system, and multivariate statistics. A total of 29 groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells to get insights into the hydrochemical suitability of groundwater for sustainable irrigation and drinking utilization. The results indicate groundwater is mainly featured by the hydrochemical facies of HCO3·Cl-Ca. Groundwater hydrochemical composition is dominantly governed by the dissolution of carbonates and silicate minerals in combination with positive cation exchange in the valley. Principal component analysis reveals a significant influence of geogenic factors on groundwater chemistry, further supported by PHREEQC simulation that detects a supersaturation of calcite, dolomite, and sulphate minerals in the aquifer. The irrigation water quality index divides groundwater in the study area into three zones, which signify low restriction and no restriction, except for a severe restriction in the southwestern part of the valley. Groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation across the valley. The entropy-weighted water quality index classifies groundwater as excellent and good quality for drinking. This study can provide crucial insights for authorities on groundwater suitability in Quetta Valley and similar regions worldwide.
{"title":"Geochemical characteristics, mechanisms, and suitability of groundwater resource for sustainable water supply in Quetta valley","authors":"Muhammad Haziq Khan, Yong Xiao, Hongjie Yang, Yuqing Zhang, Liwei Wang, Jie Wang, Wenxu Hu, Feiyu Chen, Rohit Shrestha","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.108","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Groundwater is a crucial water resource for various usages worldwide. The Quetta Valley of Pakistan was investigated regarding its groundwater quality sustainability based on integrated approaches of hydrochemistry, geographic information system, and multivariate statistics. A total of 29 groundwater samples were collected from monitoring wells to get insights into the hydrochemical suitability of groundwater for sustainable irrigation and drinking utilization. The results indicate groundwater is mainly featured by the hydrochemical facies of HCO3·Cl-Ca. Groundwater hydrochemical composition is dominantly governed by the dissolution of carbonates and silicate minerals in combination with positive cation exchange in the valley. Principal component analysis reveals a significant influence of geogenic factors on groundwater chemistry, further supported by PHREEQC simulation that detects a supersaturation of calcite, dolomite, and sulphate minerals in the aquifer. The irrigation water quality index divides groundwater in the study area into three zones, which signify low restriction and no restriction, except for a severe restriction in the southwestern part of the valley. Groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation across the valley. The entropy-weighted water quality index classifies groundwater as excellent and good quality for drinking. This study can provide crucial insights for authorities on groundwater suitability in Quetta Valley and similar regions worldwide.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River through extreme precipitation indicators based on the trend method, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the rescaled extreme deviation extreme deviation using daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2021. The following conclusions were obtained: The overall precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is reduced, and the number of rainy days is reduced. The frequency of extreme precipitation is generally reduced, but the spatial difference in the intensity of extreme precipitation is greater, which makes the occurrence of extreme precipitation more concentrated and more destructive. Extreme precipitation indicators showed relatively large fluctuations after 2000, especially in terms of extreme precipitation intensity. The frequency of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the highest in the main stream of the Yangtze River Basin and the Wujiang River Basin, the intensity of extreme precipitation is in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, and the accumulation of extreme precipitation is the highest in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, whereas the maximum value of the station extreme precipitation intensity and frequency is in the Minjiang River Basin.
{"title":"Characterisation of extreme precipitation changes in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China","authors":"Ting Chen, Ye Yao, Hui Chen","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.106","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper analyses the spatial and temporal characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River through extreme precipitation indicators based on the trend method, the Mann–Kendall trend test, and the rescaled extreme deviation extreme deviation using daily precipitation data from 1961 to 2021. The following conclusions were obtained: The overall precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is reduced, and the number of rainy days is reduced. The frequency of extreme precipitation is generally reduced, but the spatial difference in the intensity of extreme precipitation is greater, which makes the occurrence of extreme precipitation more concentrated and more destructive. Extreme precipitation indicators showed relatively large fluctuations after 2000, especially in terms of extreme precipitation intensity. The frequency of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the highest in the main stream of the Yangtze River Basin and the Wujiang River Basin, the intensity of extreme precipitation is in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, and the accumulation of extreme precipitation is the highest in the Jialing River and the Wujiang River Basin, whereas the maximum value of the station extreme precipitation intensity and frequency is in the Minjiang River Basin.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In arid regions that face water scarcity, solar distillation offers hope by meeting the increasing need for clean drinking water. This study investigates the integration of a hot water storage system, heated by a flat plate solar collector, into a hemispherical solar still. Placing the storage tank below the still's absorber enhances heat input and efficiently stores excess daytime thermal energy. Conducted in Bouismail from December 2022 to October 2023, the study yielded significant results: the modified solar still outperformed the conventional one, with production increases of 157% in winter and 207% in summer. Moreover, the modified still demonstrated remarkable efficiency improvement in summer, reaching 37.42% compared to 20.38% for the conventional still. The orientation of the fins within the storage tank, with respect to the hot water entrance orifice, significantly impacted water production, with alterations of the angle resulting in decreases of up to 25%. Increasing saltwater depth led to reduced distilled water output, with declines of up to 37.08% for the modified still. Economic analysis showed a slightly higher cost per liter of water produced by the modified still ($0.1897) compared to the simple one ($0.1446).
{"title":"Enhanced water production in hemispherical solar stills via solar collector and thermal storage integration: experimental validation","authors":"Kamel Ferhat Benabdelaziz, Abla Chaker, R. Kerfah","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In arid regions that face water scarcity, solar distillation offers hope by meeting the increasing need for clean drinking water. This study investigates the integration of a hot water storage system, heated by a flat plate solar collector, into a hemispherical solar still. Placing the storage tank below the still's absorber enhances heat input and efficiently stores excess daytime thermal energy. Conducted in Bouismail from December 2022 to October 2023, the study yielded significant results: the modified solar still outperformed the conventional one, with production increases of 157% in winter and 207% in summer. Moreover, the modified still demonstrated remarkable efficiency improvement in summer, reaching 37.42% compared to 20.38% for the conventional still. The orientation of the fins within the storage tank, with respect to the hot water entrance orifice, significantly impacted water production, with alterations of the angle resulting in decreases of up to 25%. Increasing saltwater depth led to reduced distilled water output, with declines of up to 37.08% for the modified still. Economic analysis showed a slightly higher cost per liter of water produced by the modified still ($0.1897) compared to the simple one ($0.1446).","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To make use of a limited regulating reservoir capacity to provide a small amount of water supply benefits, a multiobjective optimal model that considers the water demand and regulating capacity of the pumping station was established, by combining the maximum sequence similarity (F1), maximum pumping station suitability (F2), maximum ecological flow satisfaction (F3) and maximum number of continuous water supply periods (F4), which were solved by NSGA-II algorithm, K-means clustering, and EW-TOPSIS method were used to select the optimal scheme. The results showed that the results of the combination of F1 and F2 were better than that of the list method, with a multiannual average water supply of 3.88 × 107 m3; the occupation of ecological flow significantly increased the water supply efficiency, with a multiannual average water supply of 4.49 × 107 m3, with a multiannual average ecological satisfaction degree of 10.84; the interruption periods were gathered between January and May by accepting the interruption periods regularly occurred, the water supply was 1.10 × 107 m3 with 95% guarantee rate by taking June–December as the water supply period. Our data indicated that reservoirs with insufficient regulation capacity can produce certain water supply benefits, and there were competitive relationships between objectives, and competitiveness increases with the increase of pumping station regulation capacity.
{"title":"Optimization of water supply reservoir scheduling with insufficient regulating capacity","authors":"Yujun Wang, Zeyu Li, Yixuan Lu, Xiping Zhao","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To make use of a limited regulating reservoir capacity to provide a small amount of water supply benefits, a multiobjective optimal model that considers the water demand and regulating capacity of the pumping station was established, by combining the maximum sequence similarity (F1), maximum pumping station suitability (F2), maximum ecological flow satisfaction (F3) and maximum number of continuous water supply periods (F4), which were solved by NSGA-II algorithm, K-means clustering, and EW-TOPSIS method were used to select the optimal scheme. The results showed that the results of the combination of F1 and F2 were better than that of the list method, with a multiannual average water supply of 3.88 × 107 m3; the occupation of ecological flow significantly increased the water supply efficiency, with a multiannual average water supply of 4.49 × 107 m3, with a multiannual average ecological satisfaction degree of 10.84; the interruption periods were gathered between January and May by accepting the interruption periods regularly occurred, the water supply was 1.10 × 107 m3 with 95% guarantee rate by taking June–December as the water supply period. Our data indicated that reservoirs with insufficient regulation capacity can produce certain water supply benefits, and there were competitive relationships between objectives, and competitiveness increases with the increase of pumping station regulation capacity.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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