The agro-hydrological SWAP model was employed for simulation of evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity of potato under six irrigation scenarios (100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50% potato water requirement (WR)) in Fariman, Ghoochan, and Golmakan in the northeast Iran. The results showed that the SWAP model well-simulated potato yield and water productivity. The model slightly overestimates the potato yield and underestimates the water productivity. The results revealed that irrigation scheduling is an important factor effecting on evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity of potatoes. By decreasing irrigation water to 50% WR, potato evapotranspiration and yield decreased in all three study areas. However, potato water productivity increased in Fariman and Golmakan and decreased in Ghoochan, as irrigation volume decreased to 50% WR. In Fariman and Golmakan, irrigation at the rate of 80% WR led to the best irrigation management to have maximum water productivity (2.96 and 2.48 kg m−3, respectively) and acceptable potato yield (21,376.2 and 10,998.7 kg ha−1). In Ghoochan, by adopting the irrigation scenario at the level of 90% WR, the potato yield decreased by approximately 7.6% compared to the full irrigation conditions. However, the highest amount of water productivity (2.27 kg m−3) was achieved.
{"title":"Evaluation of water management effects on potato yield and water productivity in northeast Iran using the SWAP model","authors":"Mehsa Mustafavi Babukani, Youssef Hashminejhad, Mohammad Armin, Hamid Maravi, Koresh Shojaei Noferest","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.088","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The agro-hydrological SWAP model was employed for simulation of evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity of potato under six irrigation scenarios (100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50% potato water requirement (WR)) in Fariman, Ghoochan, and Golmakan in the northeast Iran. The results showed that the SWAP model well-simulated potato yield and water productivity. The model slightly overestimates the potato yield and underestimates the water productivity. The results revealed that irrigation scheduling is an important factor effecting on evapotranspiration, yield, and water productivity of potatoes. By decreasing irrigation water to 50% WR, potato evapotranspiration and yield decreased in all three study areas. However, potato water productivity increased in Fariman and Golmakan and decreased in Ghoochan, as irrigation volume decreased to 50% WR. In Fariman and Golmakan, irrigation at the rate of 80% WR led to the best irrigation management to have maximum water productivity (2.96 and 2.48 kg m−3, respectively) and acceptable potato yield (21,376.2 and 10,998.7 kg ha−1). In Ghoochan, by adopting the irrigation scenario at the level of 90% WR, the potato yield decreased by approximately 7.6% compared to the full irrigation conditions. However, the highest amount of water productivity (2.27 kg m−3) was achieved.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albert Acheampong, G. Anornu, Frederick Owusu-Nimo, Charles Gyamfi, Gibrilla Abass
Water has prominence over all the usable natural resources to humankind due to its very significance to human life. Approximately, 70% of Ghana's populace relies on groundwater exploitation for freshwater consumption. Managed aquifer recharge is capable of sustaining water resources for all livelihood activities. Underperformance of MAR systems is often due to site-specific hydrogeological conditions turning out to be less favorable than anticipated. This study evaluates the site-specific conditions for MAR sites identification in granitic aquifers, integrating in situ hydrogeological factors and GIS-MCDA. One hundred and twenty-one datasets from different boreholes comprising hydro geophysics, borehole drilling and pump test reports were used. The constraint mapping results indicate 92% suitable for MAR application within the study area, implying available enormous bare lands for flooding recharge technique. The suitability analysis discloses that 48 and 51% of the studied area fall within very high and high suitable zones, respectively, showing convincing and great potential to support infiltration ponds for MAR technology application. The valuable information provided through this study can serve as a guide for MAR implementation and for sustainable groundwater resources management within the Upper East region of Ghana.
由于水对人类生活的重要意义，水在人类所有可用自然资源中占有突出地位。加纳约有 70% 的人口依靠开采地下水来消费淡水。有管理的含水层补给能够维持所有生计活动所需的水资源。含水层补给系统表现不佳的原因往往是具体地点的水文地质条件不如预期。本研究结合现场水文地质因素和 GIS-MCDA 评估了花岗岩含水层中确定 MAR 站点的具体条件。研究使用了来自不同钻孔的 121 个数据集，包括水文地球物理、钻孔和水泵测试报告。制约因素绘图结果表明，研究区域内 92% 的土地适合应用 MAR，这意味着有大量裸露土地可用于洪水补给技术。适宜性分析表明，48% 和 51% 的研究区域分别属于极高适宜区和高适宜区，显示出支持渗透池应用 MAR 技术的令人信服的巨大潜力。本研究提供的宝贵信息可作为加纳上东部地区实施 MAR 和可持续地下水资源管理的指南。
{"title":"Site-specific condition evaluation for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) site selection in granitic aquifers, Ghana","authors":"Albert Acheampong, G. Anornu, Frederick Owusu-Nimo, Charles Gyamfi, Gibrilla Abass","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Water has prominence over all the usable natural resources to humankind due to its very significance to human life. Approximately, 70% of Ghana's populace relies on groundwater exploitation for freshwater consumption. Managed aquifer recharge is capable of sustaining water resources for all livelihood activities. Underperformance of MAR systems is often due to site-specific hydrogeological conditions turning out to be less favorable than anticipated. This study evaluates the site-specific conditions for MAR sites identification in granitic aquifers, integrating in situ hydrogeological factors and GIS-MCDA. One hundred and twenty-one datasets from different boreholes comprising hydro geophysics, borehole drilling and pump test reports were used. The constraint mapping results indicate 92% suitable for MAR application within the study area, implying available enormous bare lands for flooding recharge technique. The suitability analysis discloses that 48 and 51% of the studied area fall within very high and high suitable zones, respectively, showing convincing and great potential to support infiltration ponds for MAR technology application. The valuable information provided through this study can serve as a guide for MAR implementation and for sustainable groundwater resources management within the Upper East region of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lake Chivero, Harare's main source of raw water for drinking water, is algae infested thus affecting water treatment processes at Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works (MJWTW). Consequently, several challenges have been encountered including frequent filter backwashing, leading to a reduced plant output. In this study, the potential of substituting single-media filters (currently used at MJWTW) with triple-media filters was investigated. This was done using pilot filters of a single-media filter (SMF) and a triple-media filter (TMF) and piloted using clarified water from MJWTW. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and temperature were the water quality parameters that were monitored. Headloss and flow rate were the filter operation parameters that were monitored. Both water quality and operational parameters were monitored at hourly intervals until one filter reached the maximum allowable headloss or turbidity limit. The variation in effluent turbidity, TDS, EC, and pH between the filters was insignificant. Nevertheless, the headloss development for the TMF was significantly slower than that of the SMF resulting in the SMF reaching the maximum headloss earlier. Therefore, the TMF performed better overall. Therefore, the adoption of TMF could result in a longer filter run and improve filtration and water production at MJWTW.
{"title":"Pilot studies for the application of triple media filtration at Morton Jaffray Water Works, Harare, Zimbabwe","authors":"Z. Hoko, Brian T. Musima, C. F. Mapenzauswa","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.086","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lake Chivero, Harare's main source of raw water for drinking water, is algae infested thus affecting water treatment processes at Morton Jaffray Water Treatment Works (MJWTW). Consequently, several challenges have been encountered including frequent filter backwashing, leading to a reduced plant output. In this study, the potential of substituting single-media filters (currently used at MJWTW) with triple-media filters was investigated. This was done using pilot filters of a single-media filter (SMF) and a triple-media filter (TMF) and piloted using clarified water from MJWTW. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, and temperature were the water quality parameters that were monitored. Headloss and flow rate were the filter operation parameters that were monitored. Both water quality and operational parameters were monitored at hourly intervals until one filter reached the maximum allowable headloss or turbidity limit. The variation in effluent turbidity, TDS, EC, and pH between the filters was insignificant. Nevertheless, the headloss development for the TMF was significantly slower than that of the SMF resulting in the SMF reaching the maximum headloss earlier. Therefore, the TMF performed better overall. Therefore, the adoption of TMF could result in a longer filter run and improve filtration and water production at MJWTW.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140670485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Population growth and climate change have increased the demand for water resources, and there is a need to predict water scarcity effectively. The soil and water assessment tool model has been optimized in this work to estimate water scarcity under several representative concentration pathway scenarios. To improve the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model, a new version of the dwarf mongoose optimization technique named Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization has been developed. The findings showed that the optimized Soil and Water Assessment Tool model performs better than other optimization models in terms of water scarcity prediction accuracy. The findings indicated that the improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool model can be used to predict water scarcity in other locations and provide valuable insights into the future of water resource management. According to the results, water availability also decreased in the representative concentration pathways, but the trend declined more in the representative concentration pathways 8.5 scenarios. Critical times of water scarcity have been discovered that can guide water management techniques. The results of this study can help policymakers make informed choices about water management and develop adaptive methods to mitigate the effects of water scarcity.
{"title":"Forecasting water scarcity with an optimized Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model under representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios","authors":"Cen Li, Xin Guo, Liping Chen, Majid Khayatnezhad, Fatemeh Gholinia","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.085","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Population growth and climate change have increased the demand for water resources, and there is a need to predict water scarcity effectively. The soil and water assessment tool model has been optimized in this work to estimate water scarcity under several representative concentration pathway scenarios. To improve the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model, a new version of the dwarf mongoose optimization technique named Improved Dwarf Mongoose Optimization has been developed. The findings showed that the optimized Soil and Water Assessment Tool model performs better than other optimization models in terms of water scarcity prediction accuracy. The findings indicated that the improved Soil and Water Assessment Tool model can be used to predict water scarcity in other locations and provide valuable insights into the future of water resource management. According to the results, water availability also decreased in the representative concentration pathways, but the trend declined more in the representative concentration pathways 8.5 scenarios. Critical times of water scarcity have been discovered that can guide water management techniques. The results of this study can help policymakers make informed choices about water management and develop adaptive methods to mitigate the effects of water scarcity.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Groundwater is an essential source for household, irrigation and industry needs. The amount of groundwater and its quality are rapidly declining because of urbanization and industrialization. Groundwater resources in hard rock regions should be handled properly to maximize their utilization. This work aims to demarcate the Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) in a part of the Palar River Basin (Ponnai sub-basin) by combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The factors which influence the groundwater like geology, Land use/land cover (LULC), geomorphology, slope, soil, rainfall, Lineament Density (LD), Drainage density (DD), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Topographic Position Index (TPI) are considered for mapping of GWPZ. The weightage is allocated to these parameters on the basis of the FAHP technique and the obtained groundwater potential map was classified as, very poor (13.5%), poor (21.76%), moderate (31.5%), good (20.66%) and very good (8.54%). The GWPZ map was validated with the actual well yield of the Ponnai sub-basin. The research work will serve as a guideline for the effective use of groundwater and long-term sustainable management of the aquifer in the Ponnai sub-basin.
{"title":"Demarcation of groundwater potential zones in Ponnai sub-basin, Southern India using remote sensing, GIS and fuzzy-AHP approaches","authors":"Sankar Loganathan, Mahenthiran S.","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.084","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Groundwater is an essential source for household, irrigation and industry needs. The amount of groundwater and its quality are rapidly declining because of urbanization and industrialization. Groundwater resources in hard rock regions should be handled properly to maximize their utilization. This work aims to demarcate the Groundwater Potential Zones (GWPZ) in a part of the Palar River Basin (Ponnai sub-basin) by combining Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The factors which influence the groundwater like geology, Land use/land cover (LULC), geomorphology, slope, soil, rainfall, Lineament Density (LD), Drainage density (DD), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Topographic Position Index (TPI) are considered for mapping of GWPZ. The weightage is allocated to these parameters on the basis of the FAHP technique and the obtained groundwater potential map was classified as, very poor (13.5%), poor (21.76%), moderate (31.5%), good (20.66%) and very good (8.54%). The GWPZ map was validated with the actual well yield of the Ponnai sub-basin. The research work will serve as a guideline for the effective use of groundwater and long-term sustainable management of the aquifer in the Ponnai sub-basin.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aamir Hameed, Mairaj Soomro, Yaoying Huang, Mian Sohail Akram, Muhammad Sanaullah, Luqman Ahmed, Muhammad Jehangir Khan
This study is on the support design of a tunnel for a hydropower project in District Kalam on the Ushu River, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study has significant implications for the design of tunnels in similar geological settings, providing insights into potential challenges that may arise during excavation and offering strategies for mitigating risks. The methodology involved geological mapping, rock sampling, discontinuity surveys, and laboratory testing for empirical analysis of tunnel parameters at the Weir House, Powerhouse, and tunnel alignment locations. Empirical analysis of tunnel parameters using three rock classification systems, rock mass rating (RMR), rock quality tunneling index, and rock mass index (RMi). Based on the classification, the rock quality was found to be fair, indicating favorable rock properties. The Q-system rated the rock as poor to fair, suggesting low discontinuity intensity, medium rock strength, or medium deformation modulus. According to the RMi system, rock was rated as medium to strong, indicating low discontinuity intensity, high rock strength, or low deformability. The support design for the tunnel is based on empirical analysis, it recommends support design for the tunnel reinforcement elements such as rock bolts, wire mesh, and shotcrete lining. Overall, the tunnel is stable and does not have complex structure and weak zones.
{"title":"Mitigation of tunnel support design risks for hydropower projects within high tectonic stress regimes – an empirical analysis","authors":"Aamir Hameed, Mairaj Soomro, Yaoying Huang, Mian Sohail Akram, Muhammad Sanaullah, Luqman Ahmed, Muhammad Jehangir Khan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.081","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study is on the support design of a tunnel for a hydropower project in District Kalam on the Ushu River, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study has significant implications for the design of tunnels in similar geological settings, providing insights into potential challenges that may arise during excavation and offering strategies for mitigating risks. The methodology involved geological mapping, rock sampling, discontinuity surveys, and laboratory testing for empirical analysis of tunnel parameters at the Weir House, Powerhouse, and tunnel alignment locations. Empirical analysis of tunnel parameters using three rock classification systems, rock mass rating (RMR), rock quality tunneling index, and rock mass index (RMi). Based on the classification, the rock quality was found to be fair, indicating favorable rock properties. The Q-system rated the rock as poor to fair, suggesting low discontinuity intensity, medium rock strength, or medium deformation modulus. According to the RMi system, rock was rated as medium to strong, indicating low discontinuity intensity, high rock strength, or low deformability. The support design for the tunnel is based on empirical analysis, it recommends support design for the tunnel reinforcement elements such as rock bolts, wire mesh, and shotcrete lining. Overall, the tunnel is stable and does not have complex structure and weak zones.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140681796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Identification of groundwater potential (GWP) is essential for groundwater management. Recently some areas of Nagpur district have faced water scarcity with severe groundwater level fluctuation (GWLF). The study incorporates the dynamic behaviour of rainfall, land use/cover, fractional impervious surface (FIS), and GWLF from 2017 to 2022 along with topographical wetness index (TWI), topographical ruggedness index (TRI), lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil, and geomorphology. The study employs the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making approach, analytical hierarchy process, and remote sensing for spatiotemporal GWP mapping. The weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to derive final GWP maps. Critically, the northwestern part of the study area experienced major shifts in GWP, 448 km2 area has increased under the poor GWP category representing a decline in recharge probability. The safe GWP category diminished by nearly 531 km2 which exacerbates the problem whereas, high GWP showed very less changes. The most sensitive parameters are identified using an area-sensitivity approach, which reveals that TRI, slope, soil, geomorphology, rainfall, and TWI cause 35, 29, 20, 19, 11, and 11% area changes, respectively, while maximizing their weights. The validation of GWP maps shows good agreement with pre- and post-monsoon well data. The methodology and results may serve for GWP appraisal of similar regions.
{"title":"Spatial analysis of dynamic groundwater potential maps of Nagpur district of Maharashtra using the AHP and RS-GIS tools","authors":"Rakesh K. Verma, Aswini B. Mirajkar","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.083","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Identification of groundwater potential (GWP) is essential for groundwater management. Recently some areas of Nagpur district have faced water scarcity with severe groundwater level fluctuation (GWLF). The study incorporates the dynamic behaviour of rainfall, land use/cover, fractional impervious surface (FIS), and GWLF from 2017 to 2022 along with topographical wetness index (TWI), topographical ruggedness index (TRI), lineament density, drainage density, slope, soil, and geomorphology. The study employs the geographical information system (GIS)-based multi-criteria decision-making approach, analytical hierarchy process, and remote sensing for spatiotemporal GWP mapping. The weighted overlay tool of ArcGIS 10.5 was used to derive final GWP maps. Critically, the northwestern part of the study area experienced major shifts in GWP, 448 km2 area has increased under the poor GWP category representing a decline in recharge probability. The safe GWP category diminished by nearly 531 km2 which exacerbates the problem whereas, high GWP showed very less changes. The most sensitive parameters are identified using an area-sensitivity approach, which reveals that TRI, slope, soil, geomorphology, rainfall, and TWI cause 35, 29, 20, 19, 11, and 11% area changes, respectively, while maximizing their weights. The validation of GWP maps shows good agreement with pre- and post-monsoon well data. The methodology and results may serve for GWP appraisal of similar regions.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With global environmental change and population growth, the problem of water resources management is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the theory of green supply chain, this paper discusses the effective management and allocation strategy of water resources. Through detailed data acquisition and preprocessing, the accuracy and reliability of the study are ensured. Then, a comprehensive water resource allocation model is designed and implemented. Through many experiments and verification, the model shows good stability and accuracy. This study not only provides a new perspective and method for theoretical research but also provides a valuable reference for practical water resources management. However, there are also some limitations, which provide further thinking and expansion space for future research.
{"title":"Construction of water resource allocation model based on green supply chain theory","authors":"Ying Lan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 With global environmental change and population growth, the problem of water resources management is becoming increasingly prominent. Based on the theory of green supply chain, this paper discusses the effective management and allocation strategy of water resources. Through detailed data acquisition and preprocessing, the accuracy and reliability of the study are ensured. Then, a comprehensive water resource allocation model is designed and implemented. Through many experiments and verification, the model shows good stability and accuracy. This study not only provides a new perspective and method for theoretical research but also provides a valuable reference for practical water resources management. However, there are also some limitations, which provide further thinking and expansion space for future research.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140693897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The vertical U-shaped gate holds significant potential for widespread application in flow control within U-shaped channels, as it eliminates the necessity for constructing auxiliary hydraulic structures. The boundary conditions associated with the U-shaped gate are complex, offering distinctive hydraulic features. In this study, the hydraulic characteristics of a vertical U-shaped gate have been investigated by model test and numerical simulation on a U-shaped channel under different flow rates, and the hydraulic evolution process was analyzed. The results show that the minimum relative error of discharges is 0.4%, so the numerical simulation can accurately describe the hydraulic performance of the vertical U-shaped sluice gate. The flow generates a contracted cross-section and presents rhomboid water waves with a ‘hump-like’ convex structure after passing the U-shaped gate, accompanied by large kinetic energy dissipation. The gate opening exerts notable influence on the free surface width. The width of the first contraction section increased by 53.88% as the gate opening ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 cm with a flow rate of 8.24 L/s. The power function relationship of upstream flow Froude number, the width of free surface and the energy loss is established. The results are helpful for engineering designing and operation management of a U-shaped gate.
垂直 U 型闸门无需建造辅助水力结构，因此在 U 型渠道内的水流控制方面具有广泛应用的巨大潜力。与 U 形闸门相关的边界条件非常复杂，具有独特的水力特征。本研究通过模型试验和数值模拟研究了 U 形渠道在不同流速下垂直 U 形闸门的水力特性，并分析了水力演变过程。结果表明，排水量的最小相对误差为 0.4%，因此数值模拟能准确描述垂直 U 形水闸的水力性能。水流通过 U 型闸门后，断面收缩，并呈现出具有 "驼峰状 "凸面结构的斜方形水波，同时伴随着巨大的动能耗散。闸门开口对自由表面宽度有显著影响。当闸门开度在 2.5 至 5.5 厘米之间、流速为 8.24 升/秒时，第一收缩段的宽度增加了 53.88%。建立了上游流 Froude 数、自由面宽度和能量损失的幂函数关系。研究结果有助于 U 型闸门的工程设计和运行管理。
{"title":"Experimental and simulation analysis of flow patterns and energy dissipation through sluice gates in a U-shaped channel","authors":"Jing Wang, Songping Li, Yisheng Zhang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The vertical U-shaped gate holds significant potential for widespread application in flow control within U-shaped channels, as it eliminates the necessity for constructing auxiliary hydraulic structures. The boundary conditions associated with the U-shaped gate are complex, offering distinctive hydraulic features. In this study, the hydraulic characteristics of a vertical U-shaped gate have been investigated by model test and numerical simulation on a U-shaped channel under different flow rates, and the hydraulic evolution process was analyzed. The results show that the minimum relative error of discharges is 0.4%, so the numerical simulation can accurately describe the hydraulic performance of the vertical U-shaped sluice gate. The flow generates a contracted cross-section and presents rhomboid water waves with a ‘hump-like’ convex structure after passing the U-shaped gate, accompanied by large kinetic energy dissipation. The gate opening exerts notable influence on the free surface width. The width of the first contraction section increased by 53.88% as the gate opening ranged from 2.5 to 5.5 cm with a flow rate of 8.24 L/s. The power function relationship of upstream flow Froude number, the width of free surface and the energy loss is established. The results are helpful for engineering designing and operation management of a U-shaped gate.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140703779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polluted runoff from informal settlements in developing countries poses a growing challenge due to the elevated and variable nature of contaminants, particularly nutrients and pathogens, introduced to the environment. Cost-effective and scalable treatment systems with the ability to reduce nutrient and other pollutant concentrations in contaminated runoff are desirable. Biofilters are passive water treatment systems that have the potential to achieve this. The Franschhoek Water Hub, a research site for nature-based solutions, features six large biofiltration cells designed to remediate runoff from an informal settlement. Due to their large size, understanding hydraulic behaviour and validating the design proves challenging. To address this, a scaled-down version of the Water Hub's biofilters was constructed to inform design criteria for purpose-built filters. The pilot-scale subsurface flow biofilter, filled with 8–11 mm aggregate stone, had an available volume of 225 L. Pulse tracer studies conducted at various flow rates demonstrated that the system approximated plug flow behaviour. Lower flow rates resulted in deeper tracer infiltration, which is crucial for maximising the distribution of nutrients within the filter bed. This research contributes to the effective design and operation of biofiltration systems, which hold promise for addressing surface water contamination issues in resource-constrained regions.
由于污染物，特别是营养物质和病原体进入环境后会升高且性质多变，发展中国家非正规住区的污染径流构成了日益严峻的挑战。我们需要具有成本效益和可扩展的处理系统，能够降低受污染径流中的营养物质和其他污染物的浓度。生物滤池是一种被动式水处理系统，有可能实现这一目标。Franschhoek Water Hub 是一个以自然为基础的解决方案研究基地，设有六个大型生物滤池，用于处理一个非正式定居点的径流。由于它们体积庞大，了解水力行为和验证设计具有挑战性。为了解决这个问题，我们建造了一个缩小版的水枢纽生物滤池，为专用滤池的设计标准提供参考。在不同流速下进行的脉冲示踪研究表明，该系统接近于塞流行为。流速越低，示踪剂渗透越深，这对于最大限度地分配滤床内的养分至关重要。这项研究有助于生物过滤系统的有效设计和运行，为解决资源有限地区的地表水污染问题带来了希望。
{"title":"The hydraulic characteristics of a subsurface flow stone biofilter for treating polluted runoff from an informal settlement","authors":"Kalpana Maraj, Kevin Winter, Susan T. L. Harrison","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.080","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polluted runoff from informal settlements in developing countries poses a growing challenge due to the elevated and variable nature of contaminants, particularly nutrients and pathogens, introduced to the environment. Cost-effective and scalable treatment systems with the ability to reduce nutrient and other pollutant concentrations in contaminated runoff are desirable. Biofilters are passive water treatment systems that have the potential to achieve this. The Franschhoek Water Hub, a research site for nature-based solutions, features six large biofiltration cells designed to remediate runoff from an informal settlement. Due to their large size, understanding hydraulic behaviour and validating the design proves challenging. To address this, a scaled-down version of the Water Hub's biofilters was constructed to inform design criteria for purpose-built filters. The pilot-scale subsurface flow biofilter, filled with 8–11 mm aggregate stone, had an available volume of 225 L. Pulse tracer studies conducted at various flow rates demonstrated that the system approximated plug flow behaviour. Lower flow rates resulted in deeper tracer infiltration, which is crucial for maximising the distribution of nutrients within the filter bed. This research contributes to the effective design and operation of biofiltration systems, which hold promise for addressing surface water contamination issues in resource-constrained regions.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140702230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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