Filling up water to several water distribution service tanks equitably needs a proper valve setting in the operation. Setting by trial and error requires considerable time which could invite more labour-level exercise. This study addresses the issue of unequal water distribution to elevated service tanks (ESTs). It is possible to achieve an optimal valve loss coefficient, which ensures equal water supply to all ESTs. Throttle and control valves play a crucial role in regulating the flow rate and pressure of water. An optimization framework for the valve setting coefficient is proposed. The genetic algorithm is used as an optimization model and hydraulic simulation is performed using EPANET 2.0 software through its toolkits. The proposed model is applied to a hypothetical system and illustrated. The obtained valve setting coefficients make equitable distribution of water to all the ESTs.
向多个配水箱均衡注水需要在操作中正确设置阀门。通过试验和错误进行设置需要大量时间，这可能会增加劳动强度。本研究解决了高架配水箱（EST）配水不均的问题。可以实现最佳的阀门损耗系数，确保所有 EST 的供水量相等。节流阀和控制阀在调节水流量和水压方面起着至关重要的作用。本文提出了阀门设定系数的优化框架。使用遗传算法作为优化模型，并通过 EPANET 2.0 软件的工具包进行水力模拟。将所提出的模型应用于一个假设系统并进行说明。所获得的阀门设定系数使所有 EST 都能公平地分配水量。
{"title":"Optimal determination of valve setting coefficient for the multi-tank water feeder system","authors":"Boopathi Ramakrishnan, G. M. Ganesan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.105","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Filling up water to several water distribution service tanks equitably needs a proper valve setting in the operation. Setting by trial and error requires considerable time which could invite more labour-level exercise. This study addresses the issue of unequal water distribution to elevated service tanks (ESTs). It is possible to achieve an optimal valve loss coefficient, which ensures equal water supply to all ESTs. Throttle and control valves play a crucial role in regulating the flow rate and pressure of water. An optimization framework for the valve setting coefficient is proposed. The genetic algorithm is used as an optimization model and hydraulic simulation is performed using EPANET 2.0 software through its toolkits. The proposed model is applied to a hypothetical system and illustrated. The obtained valve setting coefficients make equitable distribution of water to all the ESTs.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This assessment research focuses on the hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater suitability in the Wadi Righ region, in southern Algeria. The statement of the problem revolves around determining water quality using various indices including Permeability Index (PI), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC),Water Quality Index (WQI),Sodium Percentage (Na%), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), and Kelly Index (KR). Additionally, statistical methods were utilized to establish correlations between these indices and chemical elements. The working method involved investigating hydrochemical parameters in Wadi Righ's groundwater and analyzing 52 samples. Quantitatively, the results indicate that water quality, as assessed by the water quality indices, was categorized as very poor and unsuitable overall, with lower quality observed particularly in the central and southern regions. However, groundwater demonstrated excellence and suitability for irrigation purposes. Qualitatively, the findings suggest that there are significant relationships among irrigation suitability indices, as indicated by Pearson correlation analysis. These relationships stem from shared inputs and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater. This qualitative analysis reinforces the quantitative findings and provides insights into the underlying factors influencing groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation in the Wadi Righ region.
{"title":"Appraisal of groundwater suitability and hydrochemical characteristics by using various water quality indices and statistical analyses in the Wadi Righ area, Algeria","authors":"Bettahar Asma, Şehnaz Şener","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This assessment research focuses on the hydrochemical characteristics and groundwater suitability in the Wadi Righ region, in southern Algeria. The statement of the problem revolves around determining water quality using various indices including Permeability Index (PI), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC),Water Quality Index (WQI),Sodium Percentage (Na%), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's Water Quality Index (CCME WQI), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI), and Kelly Index (KR). Additionally, statistical methods were utilized to establish correlations between these indices and chemical elements. The working method involved investigating hydrochemical parameters in Wadi Righ's groundwater and analyzing 52 samples. Quantitatively, the results indicate that water quality, as assessed by the water quality indices, was categorized as very poor and unsuitable overall, with lower quality observed particularly in the central and southern regions. However, groundwater demonstrated excellence and suitability for irrigation purposes. Qualitatively, the findings suggest that there are significant relationships among irrigation suitability indices, as indicated by Pearson correlation analysis. These relationships stem from shared inputs and hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater. This qualitative analysis reinforces the quantitative findings and provides insights into the underlying factors influencing groundwater quality and suitability for irrigation in the Wadi Righ region.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to produce a groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map of the Nyong basin using an integrated analytical hierarchy process driven in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. For this, seven parameters (rainfall, geology, slopes, drainage density, land use and land cover, lineament density, and soil) known to influence the availability of groundwater were considered. The results obtained show that the Eastern part of the basin holds the largest quantities of groundwater. The produced map shows that this region includes high and very high GWPZs (yield > 6 l/s). It is essentially characterized by abundant rainfall (on average 135–136 and 131–134 mm), low slopes, significant drainage and lineament densities, and significant forest cover. On the other hand, the opposite region (west), which includes the low and very low GWPZs, is characterized by less abundant precipitation (on average 121–125 and 125–128 mm), significant slopes, lower drainage and lineament densities, and greater impervious areas. With a success rate of 80%, confidence deserves to be placed in the GWPZs map produced. It can be considered in water supply projects in this basin. Such work has never been done in this basin before.
{"title":"Estimating groundwater resources in an equatorial forested basin using geographic information system and remote sensing techniques (case of Nyong, South Cameroon)","authors":"Valentin Brice Ebodé, Bernadette Nka Nnomo","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 This article aims to produce a groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) map of the Nyong basin using an integrated analytical hierarchy process driven in a geographic information system (GIS) environment. For this, seven parameters (rainfall, geology, slopes, drainage density, land use and land cover, lineament density, and soil) known to influence the availability of groundwater were considered. The results obtained show that the Eastern part of the basin holds the largest quantities of groundwater. The produced map shows that this region includes high and very high GWPZs (yield > 6 l/s). It is essentially characterized by abundant rainfall (on average 135–136 and 131–134 mm), low slopes, significant drainage and lineament densities, and significant forest cover. On the other hand, the opposite region (west), which includes the low and very low GWPZs, is characterized by less abundant precipitation (on average 121–125 and 125–128 mm), significant slopes, lower drainage and lineament densities, and greater impervious areas. With a success rate of 80%, confidence deserves to be placed in the GWPZs map produced. It can be considered in water supply projects in this basin. Such work has never been done in this basin before.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141010851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johanna Sörensen, Erik Nilsson, Didrik Nilsson, Ebba Gröndahl, David Rehn, Tommy Giertz
Non-revenue water due to pipe leakages presents a significant global challenge, impacting both the economy and environmental sustainability. The current approach to pipe management for water utilities in Sweden is mainly reactive; leaks are repaired when detected, sometimes with large costs if the leakage is extensive and critical. With this study, we want to focus on proactive pipe network management by using an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the probability of leakage in water pipes. The ANN model was trained on leaks that occurred over 10 years. A comparison with leaks reported after the training shows that the model succeeds in identifying groups of pipes with a higher leakage frequency. Evaluation of both new and historical leaks in four different water pipe networks in Sweden showed that a higher prediction value from the ANN model was linked to a higher occurrence of leakage. This indicates that the ANN model succeeds in identifying some of the combinations of attributes that lead to leakage. An evaluation of the input attributes in the ANN model found that the most important attributes for leakage prediction were pipe material, pipe age, adjacent problems on the pipe stretch, pipe length and pipe dimension.
管道渗漏造成的无收入用水是一项重大的全球性挑战，对经济和环境可持续性都有影响。瑞典供水公司目前的管道管理方法主要是被动式的；发现渗漏后进行维修，如果渗漏范围广且严重，有时会产生高昂的费用。在这项研究中，我们希望通过使用人工神经网络（ANN）模型来估算水管渗漏的概率，从而将重点放在主动管网管理上。人工神经网络模型是根据 10 年来发生的漏水情况进行训练的。与训练后报告的漏水情况进行比较后发现，该模型能成功识别出漏水频率较高的管道群。对瑞典四个不同供水管网中的新漏水点和历史漏水点进行的评估表明，ANN 模型的预测值越高，漏水发生率越高。这表明，ANN 模型成功识别了导致漏水的某些属性组合。对 ANN 模型输入属性的评估发现，对渗漏预测最重要的属性是管道材料、管龄、管道延伸段上的相邻问题、管道长度和管道尺寸。
{"title":"Evaluation of ANN model for pipe status assessment in drinking water management","authors":"Johanna Sörensen, Erik Nilsson, Didrik Nilsson, Ebba Gröndahl, David Rehn, Tommy Giertz","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Non-revenue water due to pipe leakages presents a significant global challenge, impacting both the economy and environmental sustainability. The current approach to pipe management for water utilities in Sweden is mainly reactive; leaks are repaired when detected, sometimes with large costs if the leakage is extensive and critical. With this study, we want to focus on proactive pipe network management by using an artificial neural network (ANN) model to estimate the probability of leakage in water pipes. The ANN model was trained on leaks that occurred over 10 years. A comparison with leaks reported after the training shows that the model succeeds in identifying groups of pipes with a higher leakage frequency. Evaluation of both new and historical leaks in four different water pipe networks in Sweden showed that a higher prediction value from the ANN model was linked to a higher occurrence of leakage. This indicates that the ANN model succeeds in identifying some of the combinations of attributes that lead to leakage. An evaluation of the input attributes in the ANN model found that the most important attributes for leakage prediction were pipe material, pipe age, adjacent problems on the pipe stretch, pipe length and pipe dimension.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141006362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chengcheng Xu, Kaixuan Guo, Abdiqani Hussein Jama, Chuiyu Lu, Qingyang Sun, Li Xu, Lingjia Yan
Climate change has an immense impact on the environment, ecology, agriculture, and economy. As the most influential climate prediction platform in the world, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provides important data on predicted future climate change trends. Based on 10 models under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 emission scenarios, in this study, we obtained 0.5 × 0.5° data through down-scaling data processing and predicted future rainfall and temperature changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. Combined with historical observed data of 198 meteorological stations in the region, the relationships between the predicted values of the model and the measured values were analyzed using the Taylor diagram method. The results show that (1) the future precipitation capacity assessed by the global climate system is generally higher than observed data; (2) for assessment of future temperatures, RCP8.5 shows a larger increase than RCP4.5; (3) for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, our results show that the MIROC-ESM-CHE model is more consistent with the evaluation of future precipitation capacity, the HadGEM2-ES model is more consistent with the future RCP4.5 scenario temperature evaluation, and the MIROC-ESM-CHEM model is more consistent with the future RCP8.5 scenario temperature evaluation.
{"title":"Simulation and prediction of precipitation and temperature under RCP scenarios","authors":"Chengcheng Xu, Kaixuan Guo, Abdiqani Hussein Jama, Chuiyu Lu, Qingyang Sun, Li Xu, Lingjia Yan","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.101","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Climate change has an immense impact on the environment, ecology, agriculture, and economy. As the most influential climate prediction platform in the world, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change provides important data on predicted future climate change trends. Based on 10 models under the RCP8.5 and RCP4.5 emission scenarios, in this study, we obtained 0.5 × 0.5° data through down-scaling data processing and predicted future rainfall and temperature changes in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. Combined with historical observed data of 198 meteorological stations in the region, the relationships between the predicted values of the model and the measured values were analyzed using the Taylor diagram method. The results show that (1) the future precipitation capacity assessed by the global climate system is generally higher than observed data; (2) for assessment of future temperatures, RCP8.5 shows a larger increase than RCP4.5; (3) for the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, our results show that the MIROC-ESM-CHE model is more consistent with the evaluation of future precipitation capacity, the HadGEM2-ES model is more consistent with the future RCP4.5 scenario temperature evaluation, and the MIROC-ESM-CHEM model is more consistent with the future RCP8.5 scenario temperature evaluation.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141011204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water reuse becomes an alternative in the conventional water supply systems, especially in regions where nonpotable use of drinking water, as for garden and grass irrigation, is predominant. This study evaluates the footprint of reuse on small water supply systems in rural areas, where raw water quality does not meet the drinking water standards, and complicated treatment is needed. Individual facilities for the reuse of potential rainwater, light gray, gray, and domestic wastewater in the households could lead to a decrease in nonpotable tap water use up to 60% and a decrease in households' annual expenses for water supply up to 93 €/household. The installation of individual facilities for common reuse of rainwater and gray wastewater requires the highest investment costs, but the optioǹs operational costs are between 15 and 20% lower than all other options considered. The drinking water treatment plant capacity reduction due to measures’ implementation enables from 48 up to 58% saving in the total operational costs for drinking water supply in the settlement. The shortest payback period and best economic impact of reuse for small-scale water supply systems are observed if rainwater and gray wastewater are reused together.
{"title":"Technical and economic impact of water reuse as an integrated water resource management measure in rural water supply systems","authors":"Irina Angelova, Dimiter Alitchkov, Viden Radovanov","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.099","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water reuse becomes an alternative in the conventional water supply systems, especially in regions where nonpotable use of drinking water, as for garden and grass irrigation, is predominant. This study evaluates the footprint of reuse on small water supply systems in rural areas, where raw water quality does not meet the drinking water standards, and complicated treatment is needed. Individual facilities for the reuse of potential rainwater, light gray, gray, and domestic wastewater in the households could lead to a decrease in nonpotable tap water use up to 60% and a decrease in households' annual expenses for water supply up to 93 €/household. The installation of individual facilities for common reuse of rainwater and gray wastewater requires the highest investment costs, but the optioǹs operational costs are between 15 and 20% lower than all other options considered. The drinking water treatment plant capacity reduction due to measures’ implementation enables from 48 up to 58% saving in the total operational costs for drinking water supply in the settlement. The shortest payback period and best economic impact of reuse for small-scale water supply systems are observed if rainwater and gray wastewater are reused together.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141016471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water resources are important supporting elements in the ecological environment and socio-economic system of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensive resilience level of the water resources–ecology–socioeconomic system against external disturbances in the Anhui and Shandong sections of the Huaihe River Basin. The comprehensive index system is constructed with the characteristic dimensions of resistance, resilience, and adaptability. Use the game theory combination weighting-VIKOR method to quantify the resilience level, and use the kernel density analysis and Markov chain to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and transition probability. The results show that (1) the resilience index of the composite system in the Huaihe River Basin shows an increasing trend, and the resilience level of the Anhui section is generally higher than that of the Shandong section. (2) The resilience level gradually evolved into the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north during the study period. (3) The resilience grade has strong robustness, and the probability of transferring to the higher grade is greater than that of transferring to the lower grade.
{"title":"A study on the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of water resource–ecology–social economy composite system resilience in the Huaihe River Basin","authors":"Gang He, Jingyi Zhang, Huaiying Jiang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Water resources are important supporting elements in the ecological environment and socio-economic system of sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the comprehensive resilience level of the water resources–ecology–socioeconomic system against external disturbances in the Anhui and Shandong sections of the Huaihe River Basin. The comprehensive index system is constructed with the characteristic dimensions of resistance, resilience, and adaptability. Use the game theory combination weighting-VIKOR method to quantify the resilience level, and use the kernel density analysis and Markov chain to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and transition probability. The results show that (1) the resilience index of the composite system in the Huaihe River Basin shows an increasing trend, and the resilience level of the Anhui section is generally higher than that of the Shandong section. (2) The resilience level gradually evolved into the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the west and low in the east, high in the south and low in the north during the study period. (3) The resilience grade has strong robustness, and the probability of transferring to the higher grade is greater than that of transferring to the lower grade.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thalita Salgado Fagundes, Rui Cunha Marques, Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros
Infrastructure service affordability has become a burgeoning concern over the past years due to the recent economic crisis and the growing role of tariffs in funding the services. Pressure on utilities to promote social assistance programs in addition to an efficient service has risen toward providing water as affordable as possible. This study shows the positive impact of efficient services on families' water affordability by analyzing the new Brazilian water loss goals and the potential effect of water loss reduction on total expenses reported in the Brazilian utilities' National Water and Sanitation Information System (SNIS). The total service cost for water and sanitation (before and after the aforementioned goals) was then translated to average tariff per cubic meter and affordability ratios. The potential water volume saved in physical losses can reach up to 16.6% of the water consumed in the country, and although the impact on water affordability was timid, the positive results indicate utilities have an important role in assuring water and sanitation for all, and regulators must be involved toward taking a deep look at local conditions.
{"title":"Impact of efficiency on affordability: A study of the Brazilian new water loss goals","authors":"Thalita Salgado Fagundes, Rui Cunha Marques, Tadeu Fabrício Malheiros","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Infrastructure service affordability has become a burgeoning concern over the past years due to the recent economic crisis and the growing role of tariffs in funding the services. Pressure on utilities to promote social assistance programs in addition to an efficient service has risen toward providing water as affordable as possible. This study shows the positive impact of efficient services on families' water affordability by analyzing the new Brazilian water loss goals and the potential effect of water loss reduction on total expenses reported in the Brazilian utilities' National Water and Sanitation Information System (SNIS). The total service cost for water and sanitation (before and after the aforementioned goals) was then translated to average tariff per cubic meter and affordability ratios. The potential water volume saved in physical losses can reach up to 16.6% of the water consumed in the country, and although the impact on water affordability was timid, the positive results indicate utilities have an important role in assuring water and sanitation for all, and regulators must be involved toward taking a deep look at local conditions.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141017483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongyun Li, Gouqing Sang, Haijun Wang, Yang Liu, Weilin Wang
Clustering analysis of small watersheds is an effective tool for identifying the similarity of runoff generation and concentration. In this paper, 545 small watersheds in the hilly areas of Shandong Province were investigated, and 12 indicators representing their climate and subsurface characteristics were selected to identify communities based on hydrological similarity. We further analyzed the hydrological connections among the small watersheds within each community using three indicators (network mean, centrality, and k-core). Finally, the clustering results were evaluated on the basis of the small watershed flood peak modulus. The results of this complex network method indicate that the study area contained six large communities and nine small communities. The community-clustering results were reasonable and showed the interconnectedness of the watersheds within each community. The three network indicators adequately described the degree of similarity, the representativeness of the watersheds, and the spatial scales of similar hydrological features. This method should be helpful for addressing the issue of parameter transplantation in ungauged watersheds and implementation of a flood risk management strategy.
{"title":"Clustering of small watersheds in hilly areas based on complex network theory and similarity analysis","authors":"Dongyun Li, Gouqing Sang, Haijun Wang, Yang Liu, Weilin Wang","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.089","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Clustering analysis of small watersheds is an effective tool for identifying the similarity of runoff generation and concentration. In this paper, 545 small watersheds in the hilly areas of Shandong Province were investigated, and 12 indicators representing their climate and subsurface characteristics were selected to identify communities based on hydrological similarity. We further analyzed the hydrological connections among the small watersheds within each community using three indicators (network mean, centrality, and k-core). Finally, the clustering results were evaluated on the basis of the small watershed flood peak modulus. The results of this complex network method indicate that the study area contained six large communities and nine small communities. The community-clustering results were reasonable and showed the interconnectedness of the watersheds within each community. The three network indicators adequately described the degree of similarity, the representativeness of the watersheds, and the spatial scales of similar hydrological features. This method should be helpful for addressing the issue of parameter transplantation in ungauged watersheds and implementation of a flood risk management strategy.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was carried out to assess groundwater quality in two layers (Albian and complex terminal) intended for irrigation, to identify their original chemical composition and overall risk by different attack techniques in the province of El-Oued. Eleven physico-chemical parameters were measured at 16 locations. Emphasis was placed on the selection of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) inputs through the application of multivariate statistical analysis, the estimation of various classical irrigation indices, and the integration of geographic information systems. The results of the IWQI, sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly index, permeability index, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard showed that the majority of groundwater samples were classified for irrigation purposes in the following categories: severely restricted (100%), low sodium and excellent (100%), good (93.75%), marginally safe (100%), good (100%) and suitable (81.25%), respectively. In addition, the majority of selected samples were classified as “good to eligible for irrigation” based on %Na as shown in the distribution map. Whereas the principal component analysis results show that the four factors together explain 72.74% of the total variance according to the Kaiser rule. Cluster analysis divides the parameters into three groups. In summary, the combination of the geographic system and irrigation quality indices is useful for identifying irrigation zones.
{"title":"Quality assessment using water quality indicators with geospatial analysis of groundwater quality El-Oued region, Northern Sahara, Algeria","authors":"Abdessattar Ammari, Fadhila Fartas, Samir Kateb","doi":"10.2166/ws.2024.090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2024.090","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 The present study was carried out to assess groundwater quality in two layers (Albian and complex terminal) intended for irrigation, to identify their original chemical composition and overall risk by different attack techniques in the province of El-Oued. Eleven physico-chemical parameters were measured at 16 locations. Emphasis was placed on the selection of irrigation water quality index (IWQI) inputs through the application of multivariate statistical analysis, the estimation of various classical irrigation indices, and the integration of geographic information systems. The results of the IWQI, sodium adsorption ratio, Kelly index, permeability index, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard showed that the majority of groundwater samples were classified for irrigation purposes in the following categories: severely restricted (100%), low sodium and excellent (100%), good (93.75%), marginally safe (100%), good (100%) and suitable (81.25%), respectively. In addition, the majority of selected samples were classified as “good to eligible for irrigation” based on %Na as shown in the distribution map. Whereas the principal component analysis results show that the four factors together explain 72.74% of the total variance according to the Kaiser rule. Cluster analysis divides the parameters into three groups. In summary, the combination of the geographic system and irrigation quality indices is useful for identifying irrigation zones.","PeriodicalId":509977,"journal":{"name":"Water Supply","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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