Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献_第5页

Detection of neutralizing antibody to Feline herpesvirus type 1 in cat serum 猫血清中1型猫疱疹病毒中和抗体的检测

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102419

Jia Yang , Rui Mei , Kangyixin Sun , Fuqiang Xu , Fan Jia

Feline Herpesvirus-1 is a major pathogen that causes feline viral rhinotracheitis, pneumonia, and ocular diseases. This virus is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with secretions from infected cats. Approximately 80 % of infected cats establish lifelong latent infections, making FHV-1 a persistent and significant threat to feline health. Current control strategies mainly rely on antiviral medications and vaccines to mitigate disease severity and reduce viral transmission. However, the extent to which individual cats can develop protective immunity following FHV-1 infection or vaccination remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, a double-reporter FHV-1 was employed to detect neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples collected from 89 domestic cats. The results revealed that 93.75 % of unvaccinated cats exhibited a positive FHV-1-neutralizing antibody, whereas 82.19 % of the cats in the vaccinated group lacked detectable neutralizing antibodies, indicating individual variation in immune responses. Subsequent correlation analyses within the vaccinated group demonstrated that cats aged 3–12 months and aged ≥ 12 months were 11.32-fold and 9.22-fold more likely to exhibit viral suppression compared to those aged ≤ 3 months, respectively. These findings suggest that FHV-1 has a high natural infection rate, and vaccination can enhance the levels of neutralizing antibodies, although vaccine effectiveness varies among individuals. Therefore, the development of diverse vaccine formulations and the implementation of routine serological screening are crucial for disease control.

猫疱疹病毒-1是引起猫病毒性鼻气管炎、肺炎和眼部疾病的主要病原体。这种病毒通过直接或间接接触受感染猫的分泌物传播。大约80% %受感染的猫形成终身潜伏感染，使FHV-1成为对猫健康的持续和重大威胁。目前的控制策略主要依靠抗病毒药物和疫苗来减轻疾病严重程度和减少病毒传播。然而，在感染FHV-1或接种疫苗后，个体猫能在多大程度上产生保护性免疫仍不清楚。因此，本研究采用双报告型FHV-1检测89只家猫血清中的中和抗体滴度。结果显示，93.75% %未接种疫苗的猫表现出fhv -1中和抗体阳性，而接种疫苗组中82.19 %的猫缺乏可检测到的中和抗体，这表明免疫反应的个体差异。随后的相关分析表明，与≤ 3个月的猫相比，3 - 12个月和≥ 12个月的猫表现出病毒抑制的可能性分别高出11.32倍和9.22倍。这些发现表明，FHV-1具有很高的自然感染率，尽管疫苗的有效性因人而异，但接种疫苗可以提高中和抗体的水平。因此，开发多样化的疫苗配方和实施常规血清学筛查对疾病控制至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling and field-derived insights into canine leptospirosis in feral and domestic dogs of Texcoco, Mexico: A One Health approach 墨西哥Texcoco的野狗和家狗中钩端螺旋体病的建模和现场衍生见解：一种健康方法。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102420

José Salcedo-Jiménez , Yazmín Alcala-Canto , Ernestina Valadez-Moctezuma , Juan José Pérez-Rivero

Leptospirosis, a globally important zoonosis, poses a significant health risk to both human and animal populations. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira spp. in feral and domestic dogs in Texcoco, Mexico, and to model the disease's transmission dynamics. We tested 349 asymptomatic dogs using the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) for antibodies against multiple serovars. To simulate disease spread, we developed a Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Chronic–Recovered–Deceased (S-E-I-C-R-D) compartmental model, simulating transmission over 365 days. Overall seropositivity was 51 % (178/349), with a higher prevalence in feral dogs (55.3 %) and in non-vaccinated animals. The most frequent serovars were L. canicola (79.7 %) and L. bratislava (45.6 %). The model projected sustained transmission within the feral dog population, with prevalence peaking and stabilizing at a high level. This finding, with a simulated prevalence that approached 98 %, suggests that chronic carriers and constant environmental exposure could drive high pathogen circulation. Domestic dogs, while showing a lower simulated prevalence, likely contribute to the pathogen's persistent circulation. The combination of high field seroprevalence and model-based findings underscores that leptospirosis remains a significant public health concern in Texcoco, highlighting the urgent need for integrated control strategies that include vaccination, rodent management, and community education, aligned with a One Health approach that links animal, human, and environmental health.

钩端螺旋体病是一种全球重要的人畜共患病，对人类和动物种群都构成重大健康风险。本研究的目的是确定钩端螺旋体在墨西哥Texcoco的野生和家养狗的血清患病率，并建立疾病传播动力学模型。我们使用显微镜凝集试验（MAT）对349只无症状犬进行了针对多种血清型的抗体检测。为了模拟疾病传播，我们开发了一个易感-暴露-感染-慢性康复-死亡（S-E-I-C-R-D）区室模型，模拟365天内的传播。总体血清阳性率为51 %(178/349)，在野狗和未接种疫苗的动物中较高（55.3% %）。最常见的血清型是犬乳杆菌（79.7% %）和布拉迪斯拉发乳杆菌（45.6% %）。该模型预测在野狗种群中持续传播，流行率达到峰值并稳定在高水平。这一发现，模拟患病率接近98% %，表明慢性携带者和持续的环境暴露可能导致高病原体循环。家犬虽然显示出较低的模拟流行率，但可能有助于病原体的持续循环。高现场血清阳性率和基于模型的研究结果相结合，强调了钩端螺旋体病仍然是Texcoco的一个重大公共卫生问题，突出了迫切需要采取综合控制战略，包括疫苗接种、啮齿动物管理和社区教育，并与将动物、人类和环境健康联系起来的“同一个健康”方针保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Vaccination with monovalent Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni and its implication for the diagnosis of natural infection in dogs 一价哥本哈根钩端螺旋体血清疫苗接种及其对犬自然感染诊断的意义。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102418

Christine Griebsch, Nicolle Kirkwood, Michael P. Ward, Jacqueline M. Norris

Using microscopic agglutination test (MAT), a single titre ≥ 1/800 in dogs unvaccinated against leptospirosis is considered suggestive of infection. The emergence of canine leptospirosis in Sydney, Australia, led to considerable vaccination uptake with monovalent Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni, yet the humoral response post-vaccination has not been described. Aims were to characterise magnitude and duration of humoral response post-vaccination with serovar Copenhageni (Protech®C2i, Boehringer Ingelheim, Australia) in healthy dogs to assess potential effects on diagnosis. Serial MAT testing (24 serovars) was performed before and after annual booster vaccination (group 1, n = 13) and primary vaccination (group 2, n = 14). Serum was collected before and 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 26, 39 and 52 weeks post-vaccination. Antibodies against serovar Copenhageni developed in 62 % (8/13) in group 1 (highest titre 1/100) and 71 % (10/14) in group 2 (highest titre 1/400). Antibodies developed against seven other serovars both from the same and from multiple different serogroups and exceeded titres to Copenhageni in 33 %. In group 2, titres reached 1/800 in weeks 1 and 2 post-vaccination (serovar Bratislava). One dog (group 1) developed antibodies to Bratislava but not Copenhageni. Four in group 1 (31 %) and group 2 (29 %) had no antibody response detected. There was no association between vaccination history and seroconversion, however response was more pronounced after primary vaccination. Most (group 1, 77 % (10/13); group 2, 71 % (10/14)) had no antibodies by week 12. Vaccination elicited a weak, short humoral response, unlikely to interfere with diagnosis, except within two weeks of completing a primary vaccination course.

使用显微镜凝集试验（MAT），未接种钩端螺旋体病疫苗的犬单滴度≥ 1/800被认为提示感染。澳大利亚悉尼犬钩端螺旋体病的出现导致哥本哈根单价钩端螺旋体血清大量接种疫苗，但疫苗接种后的体液反应尚未描述。目的是描述健康犬接种血清哥本哈根疫苗（Protech®C2i，勃林格殷格翰公司，澳大利亚）后体液反应的强度和持续时间，以评估对诊断的潜在影响。在每年加强疫苗接种（1组，n = 13）和初次疫苗接种（2组，n = 14）前后进行系列MAT检测（24个血清型）。分别于接种前和接种后1、2、4、8、12、26、39、52周采集血清。1组血清哥本哈根型抗体阳性率为62% %(8/13)，最高滴度为1/100；2组阳性率为71% %(10/14)，最高滴度为1/400。针对来自同一和多个不同血清组的其他7种血清型产生抗体，并在哥本哈根超过33% %的滴度。2组在接种后第1周和第2周滴度达到1/800（布拉迪斯拉发血清）。一只狗（第一组）产生了对布拉迪斯拉发的抗体，但没有对哥本哈根的抗体。1组（31 %）和2组（29 %）4例无抗体反应。疫苗接种史和血清转换之间没有关联，但初次接种后反应更为明显。大多数(第1组，77 % (10/13)；第2组，71% %(10/14))在第12周无抗体。疫苗接种引起微弱、短暂的体液反应，不太可能干扰诊断，除非在完成初级疫苗接种疗程后两周内。

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引用次数: 0

Geospatial distribution of Glanders in a tropical area of northeastern Brazil: A retrospective spatial and spatiotemporal approach (2020–2024) 巴西东北部热带地区腺体的地理空间分布：一个时空回溯方法（2020-2024）

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102409

Valdir Vieira da Silva , Wanessa Ingrid de Albuquerque Paiva , Magadyel Matias Moura de Melo , Isabelle Valente Neves , Samy Bianchini , Denny Parente de Sá Barreto Maia Leite , Jonatas Campos de Almeida , José Wilton Pinheiro-Junior , Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira , Rinaldo Aparecido Mota

Glanders is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia mallei, affecting equids and posing a public health risk. In Brazil, the disease remains endemic in several regions, particularly in the Northeast. This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of glanders cases and the risk of infection in equines in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2020 and 2024. Official data on confirmed glanders cases in equines from all 185 municipalities of Pernambuco were used. Incidence risk (IR), global and local spatial autocorrelation (Moran's Index), Kernel density analysis, and space-time cluster identification using SaTScan™ software were applied. A total of 120 glanders cases were reported across 43 municipalities, with the highest concentration in the Metropolitan, Agreste, and Zona da Mata mesoregions. The year 2022 showed the highest number of cases (38) and the highest IR (2.87 per 10,000 equines). Spatial analysis revealed a positive autocorrelation (I = 0.023; p = 0.005), with high/high risk patterns in the municipalities of Olinda, Paulista, Camocim de São Félix, and Sairé. Cluster analysis identified primary high-risk clusters in Olinda under both retrospective (RR = 582.77) and prospective (RR = 299.80) approaches. It is concluded that glanders displays a heterogeneous and regionalized distribution in the state, with critical transmission areas. The results underscore the importance of integrated and targeted surveillance for the prevention and control of the disease in endemic and border areas.

腺病是一种由马氏伯克霍尔德菌引起的人畜共患疾病，影响马科动物并构成公共卫生风险。在巴西，该病仍在几个地区流行，特别是在东北部。本研究旨在分析2020年至2024年巴西伯南布哥州马腺病例的时空分布和感染风险。使用了伯南布哥所有185个市的马中确认的腺病病例的官方数据。应用发生率风险（IR）、全局和局部空间自相关（Moran’s Index）、核密度分析和时空聚类识别（SaTScan™软件）。43个城市共报告了120例鼻炎病例，其中最集中在大都会、阿格勒斯蒂和中区。2022年的病例数最多（38例），IR最高（每万匹马2.87例）。空间分析显示出正自相关（I = 0.023; p = 0.005），在Olinda、Paulista、Camocim de sade o f和sair市存在高/高风险模式。聚类分析通过回顾性（RR = 582.77）和前瞻性（RR = 299.80）方法确定了Olinda的主要高危聚类。结果表明，该州的腺病毒呈异质性和区域化分布，存在关键传播区。结果强调了在流行地区和边境地区进行综合和有针对性的监测以预防和控制该病的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

The changing reservoir of the zoonotic Hepatitis E virus in Türkiye: A novel potential threat to public health? <s:1>基耶岛人畜共患戊型肝炎病毒库的变化：对公共卫生的一种新的潜在威胁？

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102407

Hakan Aydin , Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan , Osman Aktas

Pigs are considered the main reservoir of the zoonotic Hepatitis E virus (HEV) world-wide. However, in countries where there is no pork industry or pork consumption, the adaptation of zoonotic HEV (genotype 3) to different species has remained a controversial issue. The objective of our study was to investigate wild rodents as a potential new reservoir or host animal for the transmission of HEV to humans. In this study, HEV RNA was investigated in liver, lung, and spleen samples from 391 rodents of the genus Microtus collected from areas close to rural settlements and in blood samples taken from 50 anti-HEV IgG/IgM-positive individuals living in these regions. Sequence analyses and molecular characterizations of the HEV strains identified in both species were performed and phylogenetic trees were constructed. HEV RNA was detected in 8 of 50 human blood samples (16 %) and 6 of 391 rodents (1.5 %). When compared with the reference sequences obtained from NCBI, our rodent and human HEV strains were found to be genotype 3. It was determined that the rodent and human HEV sequences obtained from our study were 97.6–98.6 % identical. Reference rodent HEV strains formed a separate phylogenetic branch from the study strains and clustered within the Rocahepevirus group. Our study has shown that wild small mammals may play a role in the epidemiology of zoonotic HEV infection and therefore should be considered as potential reservoirs of the disease. Multidisciplinary collaboration (“One Health” approach) is required for the surveillance and control of HEV infection which threatens the public health.

猪被认为是全世界人畜共患戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）的主要宿主。然而，在没有猪肉工业或猪肉消费的国家，人畜共患戊肝病毒（基因型3）对不同物种的适应仍然是一个有争议的问题。本研究的目的是调查野生啮齿动物作为HEV向人类传播的潜在新宿主或宿主动物。在这项研究中，从靠近农村居民点的地区收集了391只鼠属啮齿动物的肝脏、肺和脾脏样本，并从生活在这些地区的50名抗HEV IgG/ igm阳性个体的血液样本中调查了HEV RNA。对两种HEV菌株进行了序列分析和分子特征分析，并构建了系统发育树。50份人血样中有8份（16% %）和391份啮齿动物血样中有6份（1.5% %）检测到HEV RNA。与NCBI获得的参考序列比较，我们的啮齿动物和人HEV株均为基因型3。结果表明，从我们的研究中获得的啮齿动物和人的HEV序列是97.6-98.6 %相同。参考啮齿动物HEV毒株与研究毒株形成一个单独的系统发育分支，并聚集在罗卡hepevirus组内。我们的研究表明，野生小型哺乳动物可能在人畜共患HEV感染的流行病学中发挥作用，因此应将其视为该疾病的潜在宿主。监测和控制威胁公众健康的HEV感染需要多学科合作（“同一个健康”方法）。

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引用次数: 0

Prevalence and risk factors of Chlamydia abortus infection in small ruminants from North-Central Algeria 阿尔及利亚中北部小反刍动物流产衣原体感染流行及危险因素分析。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102408

Nabila Boukhalfa , Mohamed Douifi

Chlamydia abortus is a zoonotic pathogen responsible for enzootic abortion in sheep and goats, posing a significant threat to both livestock productivity and public health. In order to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia abortus and associated risk factors in the small ruminant population, a cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2023 and December 2024 across four provinces in north-central Algeria (Medea, Blida, Aïn Defla, and Djelfa). A total of 896 sheep and goats from 96 herds were tested using an indirect ELISA targeting anti-C. abortus IgG antibodies. The prevalence at the herd level and the individual level was 84.4 % and 30.4 %, respectively. Mixed-species herds showed the highest herd-level prevalence (87.8 %), followed by sheep (82.8 %) and goat herds (77.8 %). Transhumant herds (91.4 %) and those with reproductive losses (90.5 %) exhibited elevated prevalence rates, although the differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, large herds (>100 head) had significantly higher infection rates (95.2 %). At the individual level, females had a higher, though non-significant, prevalence than males (31.8 % vs. 25.3 %). Animals older than four years and females with reproductive disorders exhibited the highest seroprevalence rates (38.2 % and 60.0 %, respectively), both associations being statistically significant. The province of Djelfa emerged as the most affected province, with the highest herd-level (91.4 %) and individual-level (36.5 %) prevalence. These findings confirm the endemicity of Chlamydia abortus in north-central Algeria and call for improved surveillance and prevention.

流产衣原体是引起绵羊和山羊地方性流产的人畜共患病原体，对牲畜生产力和公共卫生构成重大威胁。为了评估小反刍动物种群中流产衣原体的流行情况及其相关危险因素，于2023年1月至2024年12月在阿尔及利亚中北部4个省（Medea、Blida、Aïn Defla和Djelfa）进行了一项横断面研究。采用间接ELISA法对96个畜群的896只绵羊和山羊进行了抗- c抗体检测。流产IgG抗体。种群水平和个体水平的患病率分别为84.4 %和30.4 %。混合种牧群发病率最高（87.8 %），其次是绵羊（82.8 %）和山羊（77.8 %）。失育兽群（91.4 %）和失育兽群（90.5 %）患病率升高，但差异无统计学意义。相比之下，大群（bbb100头）感染率显著高于大群（95.2% %）。在个体水平上，女性的患病率高于男性（31.8% % vs. 25.3% %）。4岁以上的动物和有生殖障碍的雌性动物的血清患病率最高（分别为38.2 %和60.0 %），两者的相关性具有统计学意义。杰尔法省是受影响最严重的省份，其群体水平（91.4% %）和个人水平（36.5% %）的患病率最高。这些发现证实了流产衣原体在阿尔及利亚中北部的流行，并呼吁加强监测和预防。

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引用次数: 0

A common source outbreak of Brucella melitensis infection in male dogs: Serological and molecular investigation 犬种感染布鲁氏菌的一次常见暴发：血清学和分子调查

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102406

Sherin R. Rouby , Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Rahim , Amira M. Mazeed , Mohamed A. Bakry , Shawky M. Aboelhadid

The present study aims to describe an outbreak of canine brucellosis in a dog shelter on serological and molecular bases. The infected dogs exhibited testicular enlargement, epididymitis, prostatitis, and orchitis. All dogs were serotested for brucellosis using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and buffered acidified antigen plate test (BAAPT). Serum samples and whole blood of serologically positive dogs were subjected to conventional, species-specific real-time, and multiplex PCRs to identify the circulating Brucellae on genus, species, and biovar levels, respectively. Positive results from serological tests confirm the presence of smooth brucellae. The overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 56.7 % as detected by RBPT and BAAPT. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting the Immunodominant antigen, gene bp26 confirmed Brucella on the genus level. Results of species-specific real-time PCRs confirm the presence of B. melitensis DNA in blood sera of dogs. Multiplex PCR has amplified three fragments of 587 bp, 1071 bp, and 1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3. Trace investigation revealed that the dog's raw meat diet was the most likely source of infection.

本研究旨在描述犬布鲁氏菌病的爆发在狗收容所的血清学和分子基础。受感染的狗表现为睾丸肿大、附睾炎、前列腺炎和睾丸炎。采用玫瑰孟加拉平板试验（RBPT）和缓冲酸化抗原平板试验（BAAPT）对所有犬进行布鲁氏菌病血清检测。对血清学阳性犬的血清和全血分别采用常规pcr、种特异pcr和多重pcr对流行的布鲁氏菌进行属、种和生物变异水平的鉴定。血清学试验阳性结果证实存在光滑布鲁氏菌。RBPT和BAAPT检测布鲁氏菌抗体的血清总阳性率为56.7% %。针对免疫优势抗原bp26基因的引物序列进行分子鉴定，在属水平上证实了布鲁氏菌。犬种特异性实时pcr结果证实犬血清中存在犬利氏杆菌DNA。多重PCR扩增出3个特征片段，分别为587 bp、1071 bp和1682 bp。微量调查显示，狗的生肉饮食是最有可能的感染源。

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引用次数: 0

Toward assessing serodiagnosis of Q fever in high occupational-risk workers 高职业风险工人Q热血清诊断的探讨

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102405

Anna Morea , Paolo Trerotoli , Angela Stufano , Valentina Schino , Giorgio Di Leone , Isabella Intino , Francesca Indraccolo , Mariaelisa Carbonara , Giacomo Guido , Francesco Di Gennaro , Annalisa Saracino , Domenico Otranto , Filipe Dantas-Torres , Piero Lovreglio , Roberta Iatta

Q fever, a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, occurs in acute or chronic forms in humans. Diagnosing acute and chronic Q fever relies mainly on detecting antibody titers against phase II and I antigens by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), the reference standard test. This study assessed the seroprevalence of anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies by IFAT in 269 high occupational-risk workers along with the accuracy of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA), routinely used in diagnostic laboratories, compared to IFAT, in detecting both IgM and IgG against phase II and I antigens. The overall seroprevalence in the screened population detected by IFAT was 55 %, including one case with phase I IgG titer > 1:1024 (possible chronic form) and three cases with phase II IgG titers > 1:128 (possible acute form). The seroprevalence recorded by the three tests varied from 36.8 % (IFAT) to 57.2 % (CLIA), up to 78.1 % (ELISA) for phase II IgG. Similarly, phase II IgM and phase I IgG were detected in 3 % and 22.7 % by IFAT and 27.9 % and 39 % by ELISA. ELISA presented high sensitivity (100 % and 96 %) and negative predictive value (100 % and 93.2 %) in detecting phase II IgM and IgG, respectively. Conversely, ELISA and CLIA presented the lowest specificity (i.e., 32.4 % and 55.3 %, respectively) in detecting phase II IgG. These findings suggest that the results of ELISA and CLIA should be confirmed by IFAT, being useful in discriminating between acute, chronic, and past disease, when risk factors (e.g., employment in high-risk occupations) and/or clinical signs for Q fever are suspected.

Q热是一种由伯氏克希菌引起的人畜共患疾病，可在人类中发生急性或慢性形式。诊断急慢性Q热主要依靠参考标准试验间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）检测II期和I期抗原的抗体滴度。本研究评估了269名高职业风险工人使用IFAT检测抗伯纳氏杆菌抗体的血清阳性率，以及诊断实验室常规使用的酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）和化学发光免疫测定法（CLIA）在检测II期和I期抗原IgM和IgG时的准确性。IFAT检测筛查人群的总血清阳性率为55 %，其中1例ⅰ期IgG滴度 ：1024（可能是慢性型），3例ⅱ期IgG滴度 ：128（可能是急性型）。三种检测方法记录的血清阳性率从36.8% % （IFAT）到57.2% % (CLIA)，高达78.1% % （ELISA）。同样，IFAT检测ⅱ期IgM和ⅰ期IgG的阳性率分别为3 %和22.7 %，ELISA检测的阳性率分别为27.9 %和39 %。ELISA检测ⅱ期IgM和IgG的灵敏度分别为100 %和96 %，阴性预测值分别为100 %和93.2 %。相反，ELISA和CLIA检测II期IgG的特异性最低（分别为32.4% %和55.3% %）。这些发现表明，当怀疑Q热的危险因素（如高危职业）和/或临床症状时，ELISA和CLIA的结果应由IFAT证实，有助于区分急性、慢性和既往疾病。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular screening for blood pathogens in synanthropic Pipistrellus bats in Spain reveals novel and human-related hemoplasmas 对西班牙合群pipistrelus蝙蝠血液病原体的分子筛选揭示了新型和人类相关的血浆

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102404

Javier Millán , Paula Santibáñez , Luis Vicente Monteagudo , Sofia M. Soares , Alberto Israel , Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor

Urbanization profoundly alters natural habitats, creating environments where adaptable species such as bats thrive. In developed countries, cities may act as hotspots for pathogen transmission from bats to humans, yet urban bat pathogens remain understudied in Europe. This study examined vector-borne and zoonotic bacteria and protozoa in soprano (Pipistrellus pygmaeus, PPY) and Kuhl’s pipistrelles (Pipistrellus kuhlii, PKU) inhabiting Zaragoza, Spain. A total of 213 bats (143 urban, 70 rural; including 7 recaptures) were live-trapped between 2022 and 2024, and blood samples were collected. Initial screening of 77 individuals for Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella, Borrelia, hemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasmas), and Leishmania revealed hemoplasmas as the only haemopathogens present. Sequencing of a 330-bp 16S rRNA fragment confirmed infection, which was subsequently assessed in the full sample. Overall, ten bats (4.69 %) tested positive: eight PPY (two rural, six urban) and two PKU (one rural, one urban). Two hemoplasma genotypes were identified. The first, detected in both species across habitats, showed similarity to sequences from bats in Germany and Chile. The second, found in PPY from both environments, clustered closely with the human hemolytic pathogen Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohominis. Extended 16S rRNA (∼ 1400 bp) and 23S rRNA (∼ 1100 bp) sequences were obtained only for the first genotype, which phylogenetic analyses indicated represents a novel species. Since both samples had 99.8–100 % sequence identity across markers, we propose naming it Candidatus Mycoplasma haematopipistrellus sp. nov. Despite the low pathogen diversity observed, results highlight bats as potential ecological bridges for hemoplasma transmission between rural and urban environments.

城市化深刻地改变了自然栖息地，为蝙蝠等适应性强的物种创造了茁壮成长的环境。在发达国家，城市可能是蝙蝠向人类传播病原体的热点，但在欧洲，城市蝙蝠病原体的研究仍然不足。本研究对西班牙萨拉戈萨地区的女高音（Pipistrellus pygmaeus， PPY）和库氏Pipistrellus kuhlii （Pipistrellus kuhlii， PKU）的媒介传播和人畜共患细菌及原虫进行了检测。在2022年至2024年期间，共捕获了213只蝙蝠（143只城市蝙蝠，70只农村蝙蝠；包括7只重新捕获的蝙蝠），并收集了血液样本。对77例无形体科、巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜血性支原体（血浆）和利什曼原虫的初步筛查显示，血浆是唯一存在的血液病原体。330-bp 16S rRNA片段测序证实感染，随后在整个样本中进行评估。总体而言，10只蝙蝠（4.69 %）检测呈阳性：8只PPY（2只农村，6只城市）和2只PKU（1只农村，1只城市）。鉴定出两种血浆基因型。第一种是在两个物种的不同栖息地中检测到的，与德国和智利蝙蝠的序列相似。第二种是在两种环境的PPY中发现的，与人类溶血病原体血人支原体（Candidatus haematohominis）紧密聚集。仅在第一个基因型中获得了扩展的16S rRNA（~ 1400 bp）和23S rRNA（~ 1100 bp）序列，系统发育分析表明它代表一个新物种。由于这两个样本在标记间的序列一致性为99.8-100 %，我们建议将其命名为Candidatus haematopipistrellus sp. 11 .尽管观察到的病原体多样性较低，但结果表明蝙蝠是农村和城市环境之间血浆传播的潜在生态桥梁。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Borrelia theileri and a putative novel Borrelia genotype in Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels in southern Egypt 埃及南部骆驼透明眼蜱中疏螺旋体的分子检测和系统发育特征及推测的新型疏螺旋体基因型

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102403

Ahmed M. Soliman , Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud , Moaz M. Amer , Samah Mohamed , Tatsuro Hifumi , Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara , Tetsuya Tanaka

Ticks are important vectors of various pathogens affecting human and animal health globally. In Egypt, camels are frequently infested with Hyalomma dromedarii, yet their role in harboring and transmitting tick-borne pathogens remains poorly understood. This study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize Borrelia species in H. dromedarii ticks collected from camels in three cities in southern Egypt: Esna, Draw, and Edfu. Of 300 ticks analyzed using PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and flaB genes, 21.3 % (64/300) tested positive for Borrelia species. The highest prevalence was recorded in Edfu (37 %), followed by Draw (19 %) and Esna (13.3 %). Sequencing of the flaB gene revealed two distinct genetic groups. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that one group clustered closely with Borrelia theileri, while the second formed a distinct clade within the relapsing fever group of Borrelia species, showing sufficient genetic divergence to suggest a putative novel genotype or locally adapted strain. This clade was supported by high bootstrap values (99 %) and showed no close relation to previously described species. To our knowledge, this study represents the first detection of B. theileri in camel-associated ticks in Egypt. These findings expand the known genetic diversity of Borrelia species in North Africa and highlight the need for further studies to assess the pathogenic potential and epidemiological significance of these strains in animal and human populations.

蜱是影响全球人类和动物健康的各种病原体的重要媒介。在埃及，骆驼经常感染单峰透明瘤，但它们在窝藏和传播蜱传病原体方面的作用仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在对埃及南部埃斯纳、德鲁和埃德夫三个城市骆驼采集的单峰骆驼蜱中的疏螺旋体进行分子检测和特征鉴定。对300只蜱进行16S rRNA和flaB基因的PCR检测，结果显示伯氏疏螺旋体阳性率为21.3% %（64/300）。Edfu的患病率最高（37% %），其次是Draw（19% %）和Esna（13.3% %）。flaB基因的测序揭示了两个不同的遗传群。系统发育分析表明，其中一组与疏螺旋体紧密聚集在一起，而另一组在疏螺旋体物种的回归热组中形成了一个独特的分支，显示出足够的遗传差异，表明可能存在新的基因型或局部适应菌株。该支系具有较高的自举值（99 %），与先前描述的物种没有密切关系。据我们所知，这项研究代表了埃及首次在骆驼相关蜱中检测到他们的杆菌。这些发现扩大了北非已知伯氏疏螺旋体物种的遗传多样性，并强调需要进一步研究以评估这些菌株在动物和人类群体中的致病潜力和流行病学意义。

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引用次数: 0