Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献

Prevalence and associated risk factors of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in humans and cattle populations: A comprehensive study. 人类和牛群中流产布鲁氏菌和梅毒布鲁氏菌的流行率及相关风险因素：一项综合研究。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102276

Ihsan Ullah, Shumaila Naz, Umer Sadique Khattak, Muhammad Saeed, Noor Ul Akbar, Sania Rauf

A zoonotic disease unique to South Asia, brucellosis causes major public health and financial problems, notably in Pakistan. This research aimed to ascertain the molecular frequency of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis in humans and cattle and to pinpoint related risk factors in the Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, districts. A total of 800 blood samples, 600 from cattle and 200 from humans, were gathered and examined using traditional PCR targeting the IS711 locus. In humans, the molecular frequency of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus was 16.5 %; in cattle, it was 9.1 %. Risk factor analysis in cattle revealed that seasonality, geographic location, sex, and insemination method significantly impacted brucellosis prevalence· Higher risk was observed in female cattle, those naturally inseminated, and during the summer months, particularly in regions such as Bannu· In humans, univariate logistic regression identified potential risk factors, including age (25-50 years), rural residency, lower socioeconomic status, female gender, direct contact with animals, and consumption of raw animal products. However, none of these factors reached statistical significance. The findings underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and targeted preventive measures to control brucellosis transmission between cattle and humans. Understanding the molecular prevalence and risk factors can guide public health strategies and improve livestock management practices to mitigate this zoonotic disease.

布鲁氏菌病是南亚地区特有的一种人畜共患病，造成了严重的公共卫生和财政问题，尤其是在巴基斯坦。这项研究旨在确定巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省南部地区人和牛体内流产布鲁氏菌和瓜氏布鲁氏菌的分子频率，并找出相关的风险因素。研究人员共收集了 800 份血样，其中 600 份来自牛，200 份来自人，并使用针对 IS711 基因座的传统 PCR 技术对血样进行了检测。在人类中，布鲁氏菌和流产布鲁氏菌的分子频率为 16.5%；在牛中为 9.1%。对牛的风险因素分析表明，季节性、地理位置、性别和人工授精方法对布鲁氏杆菌病的流行有显著影响--雌性牛、自然受精的牛、夏季的牛，尤其是在班努等地区，风险较高--在人类中，单变量逻辑回归确定了潜在的风险因素，包括年龄（25-50 岁）、农村居民、较低的社会经济地位、女性、直接接触动物和食用未加工的动物产品。然而，这些因素均未达到统计学意义。这些发现强调了持续监测和有针对性的预防措施对控制布鲁氏菌病在牛与人之间传播的重要性。了解分子流行率和风险因素可以指导公共卫生策略，改善牲畜管理方法，从而减少这种人畜共患病的发生。

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引用次数: 0

Cladistics and population structure analysis of Anaplasma marginale (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in Haryana, India based on genes encoding the major surface proteins 基于编码主要表面蛋白的基因对印度哈里亚纳邦的边缘疟原虫（立克次体：疟原虫科）进行支系和种群结构分析。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102274

Aman D. Moudgil , Anil K. Nehra, Sukhdeep Vohra

Anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne obligate intracellular rickettsia is incriminated to cause heavy economic losses throughout the tropical and subtropical regions, including India. However, studies highlighting the phylogeography and demographic dynamics of A. marginale are very scant from India. Thus, the present study assessed the cladistics and population structure of Anaplasma marginale based on the genes encoding the major surface proteins (MSP) 4 and 5. The cladistics based on phylogenetic tree including the sequences generated herein with the GenBank archived sequences of A. marginale was performed. The relationship between A. marginale haplotypes based on both the genetic markers was estimated by performing median joining (MJ) haplotype network analysis. Demographic dynamics involving population diversity indices and neutrality indices was also performed. The cladistics and MJ haplotype network analysis corresponding to both the markers demonstrated the presence of three distinct clades (1−3) of A. marginale. Population structure analysis revealed low nucleotide (0.00236 ± 0.00064 and 0.00955 ± 0.00101) and haplotype (0.321 ± 0.073 and 0.493 ± 0.083) diversities for the MSP4 and MSP5 genes, respectively. High genetic structuring and low gene flow [Nm values ranging between 0.044481 and 0.208337 for the MSP4 gene and 0.032735 (clades 1 and 2) for the MSP5 gene] was also recorded among the different clades of A. marginale, based on both genetic markers. The present study highlighted the presence of different clades of A. marginale distributed worldwide. The isolates circulating in north India belonged to the dominant clade prevalent throughout the globe.

边缘疟原虫（Anaplasma marginale）是一种蜱传细胞内立克次体，在包括印度在内的热带和亚热带地区造成了严重的经济损失。然而，关于边缘蜱的系统地理学和人口动态的研究在印度却很少见。因此，本研究根据主要表面蛋白（MSP）4 和 5 的编码基因评估了边缘疟原虫的支系和种群结构。根据系统发生树（包括本研究生成的序列与 GenBank 存档的边缘疟原虫序列）进行了支系分析。通过进行中位连接（MJ）单倍型网络分析，估计了基于两种遗传标记的A. marginale单倍型之间的关系。此外，还进行了涉及种群多样性指数和中性指数的人口动态分析。与两个标记相对应的支系分析和 MJ 单倍型网络分析表明，A. marginale 存在三个不同的支系（1-3）。种群结构分析显示，MSP4 和 MSP5 基因的核苷酸（0.00236 ± 0.00064 和 0.00955 ± 0.00101）和单体型（0.321 ± 0.073 和 0.493 ± 0.083）多样性分别较低。根据这两种遗传标记，A. marginale 的不同支系之间也出现了高遗传结构化和低基因流动[MSP4 基因的 Nm 值介于 0.044481 和 0.208337 之间，MSP5 基因的 Nm 值介于 0.032735（支系 1 和支系 2）之间]。本研究强调了分布于世界各地的 A. marginale 不同支系的存在。在印度北部流行的分离株属于全球流行的主要支系。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular typing of Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 in Egyptian cats diagnosed with feline panleukopenia 对确诊患有猫泛白细胞减少症的埃及猫进行肉食原病毒 1 的分子分型。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102273

Mahmoud S. Safwat , Samah El-Sayed M. , Mohamed E. Ali , Omar S. Saeed , Haitham M. Amer , Othman N.O. Mansour , Ayah M. Hassan , Manar M. Farouk

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) in cats is caused by either feline parvovirus (FPV) or canine parvovirus (CPV-2), which belong to the same species “Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1”. While FPV is widely recognized as the principal cause of FPL, CPV-2 has been detected at a higher rate than FPV in sick cats in a recent Egyptian study. To assess this conflict, the present study aimed to determine which Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 is commonly associated with FPL in Egyptian cats. From Dec-2022 to Jan-2024, 43 cats presenting with acute gastroenteritis and testing positive for FPL using in-clinic assay, SNAP® parvo, were tested for Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 DNA using conventional PCR. Typing of Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 was conducted by partial VP2 gene sequencing. Additional epidemiological aspects of the disease were investigated, including seasonal pattern, case-fatality rate, median survival time to death, and the association between FPL outcomes and selected factors like age, sex, vaccination status, and clinical signs (vomiting and diarrhea). All cats tested positive for Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 DNA and FPV was detected in all cats with strong PCR amplicons (n=39). The following seasonal pattern was recorded: cases emerging in autumn, peaking during winter, declining in spring, and disappearing in summer. The case-fatality rate was 41.6 %, and the median time to death was two days. None of the studied factors affected FPL outcomes. In conclusion, FPL in Egyptian cat populations is primarily caused by FPV, not CPV-2, and is particularly prevalent in winter.

猫的猫白细胞减少症（FPL）是由猫细小病毒（FPV）或犬细小病毒（CPV-2）引起的，这两种病毒属于同一物种 "肉食性原发性细小病毒 1"。虽然人们普遍认为 FPV 是导致 FPL 的主要原因，但在埃及最近的一项研究中，CPV-2 在病猫中的检出率却高于 FPV。为了评估这一矛盾，本研究旨在确定哪种原发性卡里沃兰病毒 1 通常与埃及猫的 FPL 有关。从 2022 年 12 月到 2024 年 1 月，对 43 只患有急性肠胃炎并在诊所内使用 SNAP® parvo 检测法检测出 FPL 阳性的猫进行了传统 PCR Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 DNA 检测。通过部分 VP2 基因测序对 Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 进行了分型。此外，还对该疾病的流行病学方面进行了调查，包括季节性模式、病死率、中位数存活时间，以及FPL结果与年龄、性别、疫苗接种情况和临床症状（呕吐和腹泻）等选定因素之间的关联。所有猫的肉食原病毒 1 DNA 检测结果均呈阳性，所有猫（n=39）的 PCR 扩增子均检测出 FPV。根据记录，病例呈以下季节性模式：秋季出现，冬季达到高峰，春季下降，夏季消失。病死率为 41.6%，中位死亡时间为两天。所研究的因素都不会影响 FPL 的结果。总之，埃及猫群中的FPL主要是由FPV而非CPV-2引起的，而且在冬季特别流行。

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引用次数: 0

The first report of concurrent infection of hemorrhagic septicemia with foot and mouth disease in cattle in Bangladesh 孟加拉国首次报告牛同时感染出血性败血症和口蹄疫的病例

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102272

Md. Abdur Rahman , Farah Zereen , Md. Golzar Hossain , Md. Al-Amin , Jahangir Alam , Masaru Shimada , Md. Tanvir Rahman , Sukumar Saha

This study aimed to investigate the concurrent infection of Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) type B:2, which causes Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), with cases of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in cattle in Bangladesh between March and December 2023. Samples were collected from 11 distinct outbreak areas, totaling 102 samples. These included 54 FMD samples (saliva, tissue epithelium, and morbid tissues such as lung, spleen, and heart) and 54 HS samples (nasal swabs and morbid tissues) from 50 cattle of various ages and sexes, all showing clinical signs of suspected concurrent HS and FMD infection. After sample processing, molecular detection of FMDV and its serotypes was performed using Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) with universal and serotype-specific primers. The HS-causing agent, P. multocida type B:2, was initially identified through cultural and morphological characteristics on various media, followed by Gram’s and methylene blue staining, biochemical tests, and pathogenicity tests through inoculation of isolates into mice. Finally, molecular detection of P. multocida type B:2 was confirmed using PCR with specific primers. Forty-five (83 %) of the 54 FMD suspected samples tested positive for FMDV, with 53 % of these positive for serotype ‘O,’ 17 % for serotype ‘A,’ and 6 % for mixed serotypes ‘O’ and ‘A.’ Among the FMDV-positive samples, 17 (38 %) of the HS-suspected samples tested positive for concurrent infection with P. multocida type B:2. The study reveals that FMDV-induced acute immunosuppression in cattle can lead to complications from concurrent infections, particularly those caused by P. multocida type B:2, resulting in HS alongside FMD.

本研究旨在调查 2023 年 3 月至 12 月期间孟加拉国牛只爆发口蹄疫（FMD）病例时同时感染多杀性巴氏杆菌（P. multocida）B:2 型（多杀性巴氏杆菌可导致出血性败血症（HS））的情况。从 11 个不同的疫情爆发地区采集了共计 102 个样本。其中包括 54 份口蹄疫样本（唾液、组织上皮和病理组织，如肺、脾和心脏）和 54 份 HS 样本（鼻拭子和病理组织），这些样本来自 50 头不同年龄和性别的牛，它们都有疑似同时感染 HS 和口蹄疫的临床症状。样本处理后，使用通用引物和血清型特异引物进行逆转录酶聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR），对 FMDV 及其血清型进行分子检测。通过各种培养基上的培养和形态学特征、革兰氏和亚甲基蓝染色、生化测试以及将分离物接种到小鼠体内的致病性测试，初步确定了引起 HS 的病原体--B:2 型多杀性猪嗜血杆菌。最后，通过使用特异引物进行 PCR 检测，确认了 B:2 型多杀菌细菌的分子检测结果。在 54 份疑似口蹄疫样本中，有 45 份（83%）的口蹄疫病毒检测呈阳性，其中 53% 为血清型 "O"，17% 为血清型 "A"，6% 为混合血清型 "O "和 "A"。在 FMDV 阳性的样本中，有 17 份（38%）疑似 HS 样本检测出同时感染了 B:2 型多杀菌素。这项研究表明，FMDV 引起的牛急性免疫抑制可导致并发感染并发症，尤其是由 B:2 型多杀性白喉杆菌引起的并发感染，从而导致在发生 FMD 的同时发生 HS。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring interplay between bovine milk-derived α-lactalbumin, pathogenic bacteria, and bacteriophages at the molecular interface of inflammation 探索牛乳衍生的α-乳白蛋白、致病菌和噬菌体在炎症分子界面上的相互作用。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102271

Darab Ghadimi , Aysel Şahi̇n Kaya , Sandra Krüger , Christoph Röcken , Heiner Schäfer , Jumpei Uchiyama , Shigenobu Matsuzaki , Wilhelm Bockelmann

There is so far no available data about how the additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects of the combined form of alpha-lactalbumin (α-La) and bacteriophages might modulate the cellular milieu of the host-pathogen interface. A co-culture of colonocytes and hepatocytes was stimulated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in the presence of KPP22 phage and incubated for 6 hours in medium alone or medium supplemented with bovine milk-origin α-La. The combination of KPP22 phage and α-La significantly inhibited P.a PAO1-elicited secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and ICAM-1, which are the mediators and enzymes associated with the inflammatory response to an infectious-inflamed milieu. Cell viability was higher in the P.a PAO1+ KPP22 phage group compared to the P.a PAO1alone group. KPP22 phage and α-La, either alone or in combination, rescued P.a PAO1-induced aberrant PGE1/PGE2 production ratios. The convergence of ingested α-La and phages mitigates pro-inflammatory mediators. α-La leads to an increased sensitivity of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria to phages. Structural, functional, or immunological similarities between ingested α-La and phages play an important role in the mitigation of infection-driven pathobiological processes.

关于α-乳清蛋白（α-La）和噬菌体的组合形式可能如何调节宿主-病原体界面的细胞环境，目前还没有相关数据。在 KPP22 噬菌体存在的情况下，用铜绿假单胞菌 PAO1 刺激结肠细胞和肝细胞共同培养，并在单独的培养基或补充了牛乳源 α-La 的培养基中培养 6 小时。KPP22 噬菌体和 α-La 的组合能显著抑制 P.a PAO1 引起的 IL-1β、IL-6 和 ICAM-1 的分泌，这些物质是与感染性炎症环境下炎症反应相关的介质和酶。与单用 P.a PAO1 组相比，P.a PAO1+ KPP22 噬菌体组的细胞存活率更高。KPP22 噬菌体和 α-La 单独或联合使用都能挽救 P.a PAO1 诱导的 PGE1/PGE2 畸变生成比率。摄入的α-La和噬菌体可减轻促炎介质。α-La 导致机会性致病菌对噬菌体的敏感性增加。摄入的 α-La 和噬菌体在结构、功能或免疫学方面的相似性在缓解感染驱动的病理生物学过程中发挥了重要作用。

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引用次数: 0

Detection and molecular characterization of avian polyomavirus in budgerigar and non-budgerigar psittacine species in bird markets of Pakistan 巴基斯坦鸟类市场虎皮鹦鹉和非虎皮鹦鹉物种中禽类多瘤病毒的检测和分子特征。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102261

Zakia Khatoon , Aayesha Riaz , Arfan Yousaf , Mazhar Qayyum , Iqra Zarif , Irtaza Hassan Khan , Ruqia Mehmood Baig , Evelyn Saba

Avian Polyomaviruses are imposing severe health problems in budgerigars, non-budgerigar Psittacine species, and non-psittacine species all over the world, including Pakistan. It marks future challenges for aviculturists and pet store owners, causing significant financial losses. This study emphasizes the occurrence and molecular characterization of polyomaviruses in budgerigars and non-budgerigar Psittacine species. Thirty-five feather Samples of adult birds and 15 tissue samples of deceased birds were collected for the detection of Avian polyomavirus based on the VP1 gene. Screening of samples by PCR revealed the presence of 550 bp VP1 gene in deceased nestlings of two lovebirds and four budgerigars, while the feather samples of adult birds were all negative for VP1 gene. The overall positive rate of APV in Psittacine birds was 6/50 (12 %), and the distribution frequency of virus among species was 4/19 (20 %) in Budgerigars and 2/31 (6.4 %) in non-budgerigar. Positive samples were subjected to partial sequencing which showed a nucleotide similarity index of VP1 gene between 97.46 % & 99.6 % with reference sequences in GenBank. The main problem that researchers are dealing with is the scarcity of data on the prevalence and identification of APV in Pakistan. This study is a milestone for further research on APV for the diagnosis and development of vaccines.

鸟类多瘤病毒给包括巴基斯坦在内的世界各地虎皮鹦鹉、非虎皮鹦鹉物种和非鹦鹉物种带来了严重的健康问题。这给鸟类养殖者和宠物店店主带来了挑战，造成了巨大的经济损失。本研究强调虎皮鹦鹉和非虎皮鹦鹉物种中多瘤病毒的发生和分子特征。研究人员采集了 35 份成年鸟类的羽毛样本和 15 份死亡鸟类的组织样本，以 VP1 基因为基础检测鸟类多瘤病毒。通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）筛选样本，发现两只爱情鸟和四只虎皮鹦鹉的死亡雏鸟体内存在 550 bp 的 VP1 基因，而成鸟羽毛样本的 VP1 基因检测结果均为阴性。鹦鹉类鸟类中 APV 的总体阳性率为 6/50 (12%)，虎皮鹦鹉中病毒在不同物种中的分布频率为 4/19 (20%)，非虎皮鹦鹉中为 2/31 (6.4%)。对阳性样本进行了部分测序，结果显示 VP1 基因与 GenBank 中参考序列的核苷酸相似度在 97.46 % 和 99.6 % 之间。研究人员面临的主要问题是缺乏有关巴基斯坦 APV 流行和鉴定的数据。这项研究是进一步研究 APV 以进行诊断和开发疫苗的里程碑。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular prevalence, phylogenetic analysis, and PCR-based detection of Brucella melitensis in humans and cattle in Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan 巴基斯坦南开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省人和牛中布鲁氏菌的分子流行率、系统发育分析和基于 PCR 的检测

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102262

Ihsan Ullah , Shumaila Naz , Umer Sadique Khattak , Muhammad Saeed , Noor ul Akbar , Sania Rauf

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease due to Brucella melitensis, considered a zoonotic agent affecting humans and animals, especially in areas with high disease occurrence, south Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This work was designed to evaluate the molecular rate of B. melitensis in humans and cattle species and also to perform a phylogenetic analysis between both species. A cross-sectional survey involving 800 participants, including 600 cattle and 200 human participants, underwent blood sample collection with conventional PCR and IS711 locus PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing. The findings detected Brucella melitensis in 37 of the 800 samples, with a molecular prevalence of 3.1 % in cattle and 9 % in humans. The molecular trees play a role in zoonotic transmission and point to the necessity of a further unified approach toward the management of brucellosis in both humans and animals. This is further backed by the use of 95 % C.I for the prevalence rates making the results statistically robust. This research shows that using the IS711 insertion sequence is an efficient and selective method for identifying Brucella species.

布鲁氏菌病是一种由布鲁氏菌引起的细菌性疾病，被认为是一种影响人类和动物的人畜共患病，尤其是在巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省南部等疾病高发地区。这项工作旨在评估布鲁氏菌在人类和牛类中的分子率，并对这两个物种进行系统发育分析。通过常规 PCR 和 IS711 位点 PCR 扩增以及 Sanger 测序，对 800 名参与者（包括 600 头牛和 200 名人类参与者）进行了血样采集。结果在 800 份样本中的 37 份中检测到了布鲁氏菌，牛的分子流行率为 3.1%，人的分子流行率为 9%。分子树在人畜共患病传播中发挥了作用，并指出有必要进一步统一人和动物布鲁氏菌病的管理方法。使用 95 % C.I 表示流行率，使结果在统计上更加可靠。这项研究表明，使用 IS711 插入序列是鉴定布鲁氏菌的一种有效且有选择性的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Knowledge, perception and attitude about Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) among veterinary students and professionals of Spain 西班牙兽医专业学生和专业人员对克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）的认识、看法和态度。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102260

Patricia Bañuls , Ángela Galán-Relaño , Antonio Romero-Salmoral , Lidia Gómez-Gascón , Carmen Tarradas , Rafael J. Astorga Márquez , Inmaculada Luque , Belén Huerta

The Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tropical viral zoonosis first reported in Spain with 17 detected cases since 2010–2024. Health professionals, including veterinarians, play a crucial role in controlling and preventing this disease. This study aimed to analyse and compare the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of veterinary students and professionals in Spain regarding CCHF and zoonoses in general. Additionally, the study highlighted the value of epidemiological surveys as a tool for identifying knowledge gaps related to specific diseases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to April 2024 among 4th and 5th-year veterinary students, Masters and Doctorate students, and veterinarians from the public and private sectors using a validated online questionnaire. A total of 135 individuals participated, 80.7 % professionals and 19.3 % students. The study found that 76.9 % of students and 64.2 % of veterinarians had good or very good knowledge of CCHF, yet significant gaps remained, particularly in epidemiology and diagnosis. Notably, only 34.8 % had good or very good knowledge of the disease’s situation in Spain, and many respondents felt their training and the information provided by official sources were inadequate. Additionally, the perception of infection risk from pets and attitudes towards preventing zoonoses through medication, vaccination, or regular analysis were concerning. Despite CCHF being an emerging disease in Spain, this survey—the first in Spain and Europe—reveals that veterinarians’ knowledge and attitudes in affected regions are not as advanced as needed, underscoring the importance of targeted epidemiological surveys on the knowledge of the disease.

克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）是一种热带病毒性人畜共患病，首次报告发生在西班牙，自 2010 年至 2024 年共发现 17 例病例。包括兽医在内的卫生专业人员在控制和预防这种疾病方面发挥着至关重要的作用。本研究旨在分析和比较西班牙兽医专业学生和专业人员对 CCHF 和一般人畜共患病的认识、看法和态度。此外，该研究还强调了流行病学调查作为确定特定疾病相关知识差距的工具的价值。2024 年 1 月至 4 月期间，我们使用经过验证的在线问卷对来自公共和私营部门的四年级和五年级兽医学生、硕士生和博士生以及兽医进行了横向调查。共有 135 人参与了调查，其中 80.7% 为专业人员，19.3% 为学生。研究发现，76.9% 的学生和 64.2% 的兽医对慢性阻塞性肺疾病有良好或非常好的了解，但仍存在很大差距，尤其是在流行病学和诊断方面。值得注意的是，只有 34.8% 的受访者对该疾病在西班牙的情况有良好或非常良好的了解，许多受访者认为他们接受的培训和官方提供的信息不足。此外，人们对宠物感染风险的认识以及通过药物、疫苗接种或定期分析来预防人畜共患病的态度也令人担忧。尽管 CCHF 在西班牙是一种新出现的疾病，但这项首次在西班牙和欧洲进行的调查显示，受影响地区的兽医对该疾病的认识和态度并没有达到所需的水平，这凸显了对该疾病的认识进行有针对性的流行病学调查的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Leading report regarding the molecular epidemiology of Taenia hydatigena from Pakistan and global overview of the genetic diversity and population structure of the parasite: Correspondence 关于巴基斯坦水蚤分子流行病学的主要报告以及寄生虫遗传多样性和种群结构的全球概览：通讯。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102259

Hinpetch Daungsupawong , Viroj Wiwanitkit

引用次数: 0

The antimicrobial resistance profile in poultry of Central and Southern India is evolving with distinct features 印度中部和南部地区家禽的抗菌药耐药性概况正在发生变化，并呈现出明显的特征。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102255

Ajmal Aseem, Prarthi Sagar, Nerellapally Samyukthakumar Reddy, Shobi Veleri

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is fast emerging and is depleting antibiotics repertoire. Poultry is a major source for AMR because focus to enhance its production by modern practices widely uses antibiotics. India and China are major producers of meat and have hotspots of AMR. The Central and Southern India were predicted as emerging hotspots for AMR in poultry but no data available to substantiate it. To this end, we collected chicken feces from poultry farms in these regions and isolated genomic DNA. Further, shotgun whole genome sequencing was performed for metagenomics analysis. For the first time, we report the AMR gene profiles in poultry from Kerala and Telangana. The samples exhibited a higher prevalence of gram-negative and anaerobic species. The high priority pathogens in India were detected, like E.coli, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella pneumonia Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcous faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteriodes fragiles. Conspicuously, the Southern India had the highest abundance of AMR genes than the Central India. E.coli was significantly more prevalent in the southernmost zone of India than in other sites. Our data had many common AMR profile features of the European Union (EU) poultry farms but lacked mcr-1, which was a lately emerged AMR gene in E.coli. Our data revealed the extent of AMR gene evolved in the Central and Southern India. It is comparable to the EU data but severity is lesser than in the EU.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）正在迅速出现，并正在耗尽抗生素资源。家禽是产生 AMR 的一个主要来源，因为现代生产方式广泛使用抗生素来提高产量。印度和中国是肉类的主要生产国，也是 AMR 的热点地区。据预测，印度中部和南部是家禽中新出现的 AMR 热点地区，但没有数据可以证实这一点。为此，我们从这些地区的家禽养殖场收集鸡粪便，并分离出基因组 DNA。此外，我们还进行了枪式全基因组测序，以进行元基因组学分析。我们首次报告了喀拉拉邦和特伦甘纳邦家禽的 AMR 基因图谱。样本中的革兰氏阴性菌和厌氧菌感染率较高。在印度检测到了大肠杆菌、产气荚膜梭菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、脆弱拟杆菌等高度优先病原体。很明显，印度南部地区的 AMR 基因含量高于印度中部地区。印度最南端地区的大肠杆菌明显多于其他地区。我们的数据具有欧盟（EU）家禽养殖场的许多共同 AMR 特征，但缺少 mcr-1，而 mcr-1 是大肠杆菌中最近出现的 AMR 基因。我们的数据揭示了印度中部和南部的 AMR 基因进化程度。它与欧盟的数据相当，但严重程度低于欧盟。

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