Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献_第2页

Comparative pathogenicity of duck hepatitis A virus genotype 3 in different duck breeds: Implications of the diagnosis and prevention of duck viral hepatitis 鸭甲型肝炎病毒基因 3 型在不同鸭种中的致病性比较：鸭病毒性肝炎的诊断和预防意义。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102256

Mohamed M. Shawki , Ola Y. Abido , Mohamed A. Saif , Mohammed S. Sobh , Ahmed R. Gado , Arwa Elnaggar , Samir A. Nassif , Nahed A. El-Shall

Duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) infection in ducklings causes acute hepatitis with considerable economic losses. In this study, Pekin and Muscovy duckling flocks (n=9) suffering from high mortality and hepatic lesions were examined by RT-PCR for DVHA. 44.4 % (4/9) of samples were positive for DHAV (5′ UTR region), of which 100 % (4/4) were DVHA-3 (VP1 gene). VP1 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of an isolate originated from Muscovy ducklings showed that it shared 96.8 % −100 %, 88.5–89.2 %, and 86.5–88.2 % nucleotide similarity (ns) with the Egyptian, Korean-Vietnamese, and Chinese DVHA-3 strains, respectively. It was distinguished from the DHAV-1 vaccine (67.6 % ns). The sequenced DVHA-3 isolate was used to experimentally infect 5-day-old Pekin and Muscovy ducklings vs. control groups. No apparent clinical signs or deaths were reported in the experimentally-infected groups. Pekin ducklings showed greater cloacal viral shedding than Muscovy until the 6th dpi (P<0.05). DVHA-3 induced a significant rise in IFN-β and IL-1β serum levels, where Muscovy ducklings' levels were higher than Pekin ducklings. Among the biochemical parameters, AST was only increased on the 4th dpi in both breeds vs. control (P<0.05). Compared to Muscovy ducklings at 2, 4, and 6 day post infection (dpi), the infected Pekin group had lower lipase levels (P≥0.05, p<0.05, and p<0.05, respectively), while ALT was higher at 4 and 6 dpi (P<0.05). The histopathological lesions supported the gross lesions, and their scores were dominant at 2 and 4 dpi in both breeds. At 6 and 8 dpi, Pekin showed more severe histopathological changes compared to Muscovy for the liver, heart, brain, and intestines; the pancreas, kidney, and lung showed the opposite pattern. In conclusion, Pekin ducklings displayed distinct DHAV-3 infection results from Muscovy ducklings, and more research utilizing a variety of DHAV-3 strains has to be carried out.

雏鸭感染甲型肝炎病毒（DHAV）会导致急性肝炎，造成巨大的经济损失。在这项研究中，通过 RT-PCR 检测了高死亡率和肝脏病变的北京鸭和莫斯科鸭群（9 只）的 DVHA。44.4 %（4/9）的样本对 DHAV（5' UTR 区域）呈阳性，其中 100 %（4/4）为 DVHA-3（VP1 基因）。对来自麝香鸭的一个分离株进行的 VP1 测序和系统发育分析表明，该分离株与埃及、韩国-越南和中国的 DVHA-3 株的核苷酸相似度（ns）分别为 96.8% -100%、88.5%-89.2% 和 86.5%-88.2%。它与 DHAV-1 疫苗（67.6 % ns）不同。用测序后的 DVHA-3 株与对照组相比，实验性地感染了 5 日龄的北京鸭和莫斯科鸭。实验感染组无明显临床症状或死亡报告。在第 6 dpi 之前，北京鸭的泄殖腔病毒脱落率高于麝香鸭（P

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引用次数: 0

Sero-prevalence, associated risk factors and economic impact of camel brucellosis in Elwayye district, southern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚南部 Elwayye 地区骆驼布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率、相关风险因素和经济影响。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102257

Galma Dabbasa Wario , Ambachew Motbaynor Wubaye , Chala Mohammed , Teshita Edaso Beriso

Background

Camel brucellosis is a zoonotic and economically important disease that causes low productivity and mortality in animals through abortion and low herd fertility.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2023 to estimate the seroprevalence of camel brucellosis, associated risk factors, and economic impact in Elwayye district, southern Ethiopia. A total of 240 blood samples were collected from extensively and traditionally managed dromedary camels. The collected samples were subjected to testing for Brucella antibodies using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA for confirmation.

Results

The overall seroprevalence of camel brucellosis in the current study by RBPT was 6.2 %, and by combined RBPT and ELISA, it was 3.7 % (95 % CI: 1.94–7.05). Risk factors like herd size, age, management practice, history of abortion, and sex were assessed. Among these, age, herd size, and management practice were identified as potential risk factors significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity in camels. But the other risk factors were not associated with the disease (P > 0.05). In this study, the total estimated economic loss due to camel brucellosis in the study area was 505,727.2 Ethiopian birr (ETB) for all parameters used. The highest economic loss was due to abortion or perinatal mortality of calves (341,325 ETB).

Conclusions

These indicate the need to study camel brucellosis in the study area, and the disease is endemic and prevalent in pastoralist areas, which need well-organized surveillance, disease control, and prevention programs.

背景：骆驼布鲁氏菌病是一种人畜共患病，也是一种重要的经济疾病，会导致动物生产力低下，并因流产和畜群繁殖力低下而死亡：方法：2023 年 3 月至 12 月期间进行了一项横断面研究，以估计埃塞俄比亚南部 Elwayye 地区骆驼布鲁氏菌病的血清流行率、相关风险因素和经济影响。研究人员从广泛饲养和传统管理的单峰骆驼身上共采集了 240 份血样。采集的样本通过玫瑰红平板试验（RBPT）和间接酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测：在本次研究中，通过 RBPT 检测骆驼布鲁氏菌病的总血清流行率为 6.2%，通过 RBPT 和 ELISA 联合检测的总血清流行率为 3.7%（95 % CI：1.94-7.05）。研究评估了牛群规模、年龄、管理方法、流产史和性别等风险因素。其中，年龄、畜群规模和管理方法被确定为与骆驼布鲁氏菌血清阳性显著相关的潜在风险因素。但其他风险因素与该疾病无关（P > 0.05）。在这项研究中，根据所使用的所有参数，估计研究地区骆驼布鲁氏菌病造成的经济损失总额为 505727.2 埃塞俄比亚比尔（ETB）。小骆驼流产或围产期死亡造成的经济损失最高（341,325 埃塞俄比亚比尔）：这些都表明有必要对研究地区的骆驼布鲁氏菌病进行研究，该疾病在牧区是地方性流行病，需要组织完善的监测、疾病控制和预防计划。

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引用次数: 0

Dissemination and characterization of Escherichia coli resistant to extended-cephalosporins in feedlot lambs: A two-year two-population study 饲养场羔羊中对扩展头孢菌素耐药的大肠埃希菌的传播和特征：一项为期两年的双群体研究

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102258

Katia Suemi Gozi , Caroline Rodrigues da Silva , Marlon do Valle Barroso , Jessica Priscila Barboza , Juliana Regina Peiró , Jean-Yves Madec , Marisa Haenni , Luiz Claudio Nogueira Mendes , Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira , Tiago Casella

Dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in food animals is a One Health concern, but sheep production has been overlooked. This study aimed to explore the dissemination of Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC) in feedlot lambs. Two pens were sampled on two occasions, and carcasses and other mammals living around were also tested. E. coli were recovered and antibiotic resistance determined. bla_CTX-M/CMY genes and their genetic localization were characterized. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed to confirm clonal relationship. The most prevalent ESC-resistance genes in the 108 E. coli isolates were bla_CTX-M-55 (53.7 %), bla_CTX-M-2 (14.8 %) and bla_CMY-2 (13.9 %). Most bla_CTX-M-55 genes were found on the chromosome, but IncA/C, IncHI1, IncHI2 and IncF plasmids were also identified. Genetic diversity was observed even though ST6448 was by far the most frequent ST. WGS analysis showed high similarity among isolates recovered from feedlot lambs, animals in the surroundings and lambs’ carcasses, proving the clonal and plasmidic dissemination.

抗菌药耐药性在食用动物中的传播是 "一个健康 "关注的问题，但在绵羊生产中却被忽视了。本研究旨在探讨对广谱头孢菌素（ESC）耐药的大肠埃希菌在饲养场羔羊中的传播情况。研究人员对两个羊圈进行了两次采样，并对羔羊尸体和周围的其他哺乳动物进行了检测。对 blaCTX-M/CMY 基因及其基因定位进行了鉴定。进行了全基因组测序（WGS）以确认克隆关系。108 株大肠杆菌分离物中最常见的耐 ESC 基因是 blaCTX-M-55（53.7%）、blaCTX-M-2（14.8%）和 blaCMY-2（13.9%）。大多数 blaCTX-M-55 基因存在于染色体上，但也发现了 IncA/C、IncHI1、IncHI2 和 IncF 质粒。尽管 ST6448 是迄今为止最常见的 ST，但还是观察到了遗传多样性。WGS 分析表明，从饲养场羔羊、周围环境中的动物和羔羊尸体中分离出的分离物具有高度相似性，这证明了克隆和质粒传播。

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引用次数: 0

Whole genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from poultry in Noakhali, Bangladesh: Assessing risk of transmission to humans in a pilot study 对孟加拉国 Noakhali 地区家禽中的耐多药肺炎克雷伯氏菌进行全基因组测序：在试点研究中评估向人类传播的风险

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102246

Md. Adnan Munim , Afroza Akter Tanni , Md Mobarok Hossain , Kallyan Chakma , Adnan Mannan , S.M. Rafiqul Islam , Jully Gogoi Tiwari , Shipan Das Gupta

Background

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a public health concern due to its presence in Bangladeshi poultry products and its ability to spread resistance genes. This study genetically characterizes a distinct MDR K. pneumoniae isolate from the gut of poultry in Noakhali, Bangladesh, offering insights into its resistance mechanisms and public health impact.

Methods

Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from broiler and layer poultry were identified using biochemical and molecular analyses. Eleven isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity and categorized by their Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MARI) profiles. The isolate with the highest MARI was selected for whole-genome sequencing using Illumina technology. The sequencing data were analyzed for genome annotation, pan-genome analysis, genome similarities, sequence type identification, and the identification of genetic determinants of resistance and virulence genes.

Result

We identified 10 MARI profiles among 11 K. pneumoniae isolates, with values ranging from 0.64 to 0.94. The highest MARI of 0.94 was found in an isolate from a layer poultry. This isolate's genome, 5401,789 base pairs long with 89.6 % coverage, showed potential inter-species dissemination, as indicated by core genome phylogenetic analysis. It possessed genes conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, folate pathway antagonists, fosfomycin, macrolides, quinolones, rifamycin, tetracyclines, and polymyxins, including colistin.

Conclusion

Poultry serve as reservoirs for MDR K. pneumoniae, which can spread to other species and pose significant health risks. Rigorous monitoring of antibiotic use and genetic characterization of MDR bacterial isolates are essential to mitigate this threat.

背景耐多药（MDR）肺炎克雷伯氏菌是一种公共卫生问题，因为它存在于孟加拉国的家禽产品中，而且能够传播耐药基因。本研究从基因上描述了孟加拉国诺阿哈利（Noakhali）家禽肠道中分离出的一种独特的 MDR 肺炎克雷伯氏菌，为了解其耐药机制和对公共卫生的影响提供了见解。对 11 个分离株进行了抗生素敏感性测试，并根据其多重抗生素耐药性指数（MARI）进行了分类。筛选出 MARI 最高的分离物，利用 Illumina 技术进行全基因组测序。我们对测序数据进行了分析，包括基因组注释、泛基因组分析、基因组相似性、序列类型鉴定以及耐药性遗传决定因素和毒力基因的鉴定。来自层家禽的分离株的 MARI 值最高，为 0.94。该分离物的基因组长达 5401 789 个碱基对，覆盖率为 89.6%，核心基因组系统发育分析表明，该分离物有可能在种间传播。它拥有对氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、β-内酰胺类、叶酸途径拮抗剂、磷霉素、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、利福平类、四环素类和多粘菌素类（包括秋水仙碱）产生耐药性的基因。严格监控抗生素的使用和 MDR 细菌分离物的基因特征对于减轻这一威胁至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia spp. in snakes from China 中国蛇类中贾第鞭毛虫属的出现和分子特征。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102247

Lingru He , Yilei Zhang , Zhouchun Li , Guodong Xiao , Lijie Tian , Olalekan Opeyemi Ayanniyi , Qingxun Zhang , Congshan Yang

Giardia intestinalis is a major diarrhea-causing parasite that colonizes the proximal small intestine of humans and various other mammalian species, including pets and livestock. Despite its global occurrence, there is limited information about the epidemiology of Giardia in reptiles, particularly snakes. The aim of this study was to amplify the beta-giardin (bg) gene of Giardia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by a comparative evolutionary tree analysis to determine the occurrence and molecular characterization of Giardia in snakes. We collected 603 asymptomatic samples from 26 provinces in China, representing species such as Pantherophis guttatus, Pantherophis obsoletus, Pituophis melanoleucus, Thamnophis sirtalis, Lampropeltis getula, and Heterodon nasicus. Ultimately, a occurrence of Giardia infection of 4.15 % was detected in these snakes, with corn snakes (Pantherophis guttatus) having a significantly higher occurrence than other species. Molecular analysis identified assemblage F as the predominant genotype, and also identified an assemblage B that can infect humans and a variety of mammals. The results of this study illustrate the potential risk of transmission of Giardia from snakes to humans, especially in environments where close contact occurs. The present epidemiological study examines epidemiological investigations of Giardia in reptiles, provides data to understand the zoonotic risk of Giardia, and emphasizes the need for targeted surveillance, stringent hygiene measures, and public awareness campaigns to reduce these risks.

肠贾第虫是一种主要的腹泻寄生虫，寄生在人类和其他各种哺乳动物（包括宠物和家畜）的小肠近端。尽管贾第虫遍布全球，但有关贾第虫在爬行动物（尤其是蛇）中流行病学的信息却很有限。本研究的目的是通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增贾第虫的 beta-giardin（bg）基因，然后进行比较进化树分析，以确定贾第虫在蛇类中的发生情况和分子特征。我们从中国 26 个省份采集了 603 个无症状样本，代表的物种包括：古豹（Pantherophis guttatus）、钝头豹（Pantherophis obsoletus）、黑鳞蝮（Pituophis melanoleucus）、石斑蝮（Thamnophis sirtalis）、斑蝮（Lampropeltis getula）和鼻鳞蝮（Heterodon nasicus）。最终，在这些蛇类中检测到的贾第虫感染率为 4.15%，其中玉米蛇（Pantherophis guttatus）的感染率明显高于其他物种。分子分析确定 F 组合是主要基因型，同时还确定了可感染人类和各种哺乳动物的 B 组合。这项研究结果表明，贾第虫有可能从蛇类传染给人类，尤其是在密切接触的环境中。本流行病学研究探讨了爬行动物中贾第虫的流行病学调查，提供了了解贾第虫人畜共患风险的数据，并强调有必要进行有针对性的监测、采取严格的卫生措施和开展提高公众意识的活动，以降低这些风险。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp., and Bartonella spp. in dogs treated at a veterinary teaching clinic in Peru 在秘鲁一家兽医教学诊所接受治疗的狗体内进行埃利希氏菌属、阿那普拉斯菌属和巴顿氏菌属的分子检测。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102245

Alejandra Cornejo , Roberto Davila , Luis A. Gomez-Puerta

In recent years, vector-borne diseases have become widespread throughout the world and affect the health of humans and domestic animals. These diseases spread to areas where their primary vectors, fleas and ticks, thrive, particularly in tropical and subtropical climate regions, providing ideal conditions for their proliferation. The growing closeness between people and their pets increases the likelihood of bites from these ectoparasites, which represents a latent zoonotic risk. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the presence of Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp., and Bartonella spp. in dogs treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples from 214 dogs were molecularly analyzed for hemopathogen detection. The results revealed prevalences of 2.6 % (6/214) for Anaplasma platys, 5.14 % (11/214) for Ehrlichia canis, and 0.46 % (1/214) for Bartonella rochalimae. No statistically significant relationship was found between the animal infection and the age, sex, breed, presence of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), and locality. This study reported molecularly for the first time the presence of A. platys, E. canis, and B. rochalimae in dogs from Lima city, and demonstrates the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in pets treated at the veterinary clinic.

近年来，病媒传播的疾病在世界各地广泛传播，影响着人类和家畜的健康。这些疾病传播到其主要病媒跳蚤和蜱虫滋生的地区，尤其是热带和亚热带气候地区，为其扩散提供了理想的条件。人与宠物之间日益亲密的关系增加了被这些体外寄生虫叮咬的可能性，这是一种潜在的人畜共患病风险。因此，本研究的目的是确定在秘鲁利马国立圣马科斯大学兽医系小动物诊所接受治疗的狗体内是否存在阿纳普拉丝菌属、埃利希氏菌属和巴顿氏菌属。对 214 只狗的血液样本进行了分子分析，以检测血液病原体。结果显示，普拉提阿纳普拉原虫感染率为 2.6%（6/214），犬艾氏原虫感染率为 5.14%（11/214），巴顿氏菌感染率为 0.46%（1/214）。动物感染与年龄、性别、品种、是否有跳蚤（Ctenocephalides felis）和蜱（Rhipicephalus sanguineus）以及地点之间没有明显的统计学关系。这项研究首次从分子角度报告了利马市的狗体内存在A. platys、E. canis和B. rochalimae，并证明了在兽医诊所接受治疗的宠物体内存在人畜共患病病原体。

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引用次数: 0

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bocavirus in wild rodents in urban areas of Guangzhou, Southern China 中国南方广州城市地区野生啮齿类动物的流行病学和博卡病毒的遗传多样性。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102244

Xin-Yan Yao , Chao-Xiang Jia , Chang-Le Li , He-Ping Li , Kai Zhong , Jian-Wei Shao , Yue-Ying Wang

Members of the genus Bocaparvovirus have a significant impact on human health and can infect a wide range of hosts, increasing the likelihood of crossing species barriers. Among the various mammalian hosts, rodents are widely recognized as important reservoirs for emerging and zoonotic viruses. However, despite recent reports of bocavirus infections in rodents, our current understanding of rat bocavirus (RBoV) genetic diversity and evolution is limited. In this study, rodent samples were collected from the urban areas of Guangzhou city, Southern China, to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of RBoV. Through PCR-based screening of 296 rodent spleens, 54 samples were determined to be positive for RBoV infection, and 12 nearly complete genome sequences of RBoV were recovered. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages and sub-lineages of RBoV, and six recombination events with strong statistical support were identified, with five of these events involving sequences obtained from this study. These results highlight the genetic diversity of RBoV circulating in rodents in Guangzhou city and emphasize the importance of extensive surveillance to gain a better understanding of RBoV epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, and potential for cross-species transmission.

Bocaparvovirus 属的成员对人类健康有重大影响，可感染多种宿主，增加了跨越物种障碍的可能性。在各种哺乳动物宿主中，啮齿类动物被广泛认为是新病毒和人畜共患病病毒的重要贮藏地。然而，尽管最近有啮齿类动物感染博卡病毒的报道，但我们目前对大鼠博卡病毒（RBoV）遗传多样性和进化的了解还很有限。本研究收集了中国南方广州市城区的啮齿动物样本，以调查 RBoV 的存在和遗传多样性。通过对 296 份啮齿动物脾脏进行 PCR 筛选，54 份样本被确定为 RBoV 感染阳性，并获得了 12 个几乎完整的 RBoV 基因组序列。系统发生学分析表明，RBoV 有不同的系和亚系，并确定了 6 个具有较强统计支持的重组事件，其中 5 个事件涉及本研究获得的序列。这些结果突显了广州市啮齿类动物中流行的RBoV的遗传多样性，并强调了广泛监测以更好地了解RBoV流行病学、进化特征和跨物种传播潜力的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Leading report regarding the molecular epidemiology of Taenia hydatigena from Pakistan and global overview of the genetic diversity and population structure of the parasite 关于巴基斯坦水蚤分子流行病学以及寄生虫遗传多样性和种群结构全球概览的主要报告。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102248

Naunain Mehmood , Hira Muqaddas , Aqsa Ashraf , Mahnoor Aslam , Maryam Khan , Madiha Fatima , Rahman Qadir , Samir Ibenmoussa , Turki M. Dawoud , Muhammad Irfan Ullah , Furhan Iqbal

Cysticercosis, caused by larval stage of Taenia (T.) hydatigena is a disease of veterinary concern which causes major economic losses in livestock sector globally. Although livestock is the most productive part of Pakistan’s economy, the epidemiological prevalence and genetic diversity of T. hydatigena has not been studied in great detail. Current study was undertaken for the estimation of the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. hydatigena among the goats and sheep of Multan in South Punjab, Pakistan. A PCR protocol targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of T. hydatigena revealed an overall prevalence of 31.33 % among the small ruminants with higher prevalence in females (40.86 %) and older age group of >3-≤5 years (40.74 %). A total of 30 isolates were sequenced for partial mitochondrial cox1 gene which yielded 12 haplotypes with a haplotype diversity of 0.798 ± 0.68 and nucleotide diversity of 0.0046 ± 0.00183. A star like configuration was demonstrated in the haplotype network with a centrally positioned haplotype. Neutrality indices like Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs were also biased towards negativity, a characteristic which suggests an expanding parasitic population. Moreover, the genetic diversity of T. hydatigena was also computed for the partial cox1 gene sequences available on GenBank, NCBI. A total of 415 sequences were retrieved out of which 142 haplotypes were identified having a haplotype diversity of 0.9150 ± 0.012 coupled with a nucleotide diversity of 0.00830 ± 0.00043. The haplotype profile of T. hydatigena population displayed an absence of a central haplotype, however, considerable genetic variation was ascertained. All the populations except Africa had a high haplotype diversity (>0.9), however, high Fst values were observed for a few populations which elucidated limited gene flow among the populations of Central/East Asia, Middle East, Europe and South Asia.

由水蚤（T. hydatigena）幼虫引起的囊尾蚴病是一种备受兽医关注的疾病，它给全球畜牧业造成了重大经济损失。虽然牲畜是巴基斯坦经济中最具生产力的部分，但对水囊虫的流行病学流行率和遗传多样性却没有进行过详细研究。目前的研究是为了估算 T. hydatigena 在巴基斯坦南旁遮普省木尔坦的山羊和绵羊中的流行率和遗传多样性。以 T. hydatigena 的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚单位 1 (cox1) 基因为目标的 PCR 方案显示，小型反刍动物中的总体流行率为 31.33%，其中雌性（40.86%）和年龄大于 3-≤5 岁年龄组（40.74%）的流行率较高。共对 30 个分离株的线粒体 cox1 部分基因进行了测序，得出了 12 个单倍型，单倍型多样性为 0.798 ± 0.68，核苷酸多样性为 0.0046 ± 0.00183。单倍型网络呈星形结构，单倍型位于中心位置。中性指数（如 Tajima's D 和 Fu's Fs）也偏向于阴性，这一特征表明寄生虫种群正在扩大。此外，我们还对 NCBI GenBank 上的部分 cox1 基因序列计算了 T. hydatigena 的遗传多样性。共检索到 415 个序列，其中确定了 142 个单倍型，单倍型多样性为 0.9150 ± 0.012，核苷酸多样性为 0.00830 ± 0.00043。T. hydatigena 种群的单倍型特征显示缺乏中心单倍型，但遗传变异相当大。除非洲外，所有种群的单倍型多样性都很高（>0.9），但在少数种群中观察到较高的 Fst 值，这说明中亚/东亚、中东、欧洲和南亚种群之间的基因流动有限。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular characterization of Hyalomma scupense and its vector-borne pathogen Theileria annulata in Ksar El Boukhari (Medea, Algeria) Ksar El Boukhari（阿尔及利亚梅迪亚）Hyalomma scupense 及其媒传病原体 Theileria annulata 的分子特征。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102243

Naila Aouali , Asmaa Sekkai , Thinhinane Djouaher , Zahra Messaoudi , Hocine Ziam , Amina Boutellis , Tahar Kernif

This study analyzed the molecular and phylogenetic profiles of Theileria annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis in cattle, and its tick vector Hyalomma scupense in Algeria. Forty H. scupense ticks were collected in Medea, with 5 testing positive for Theileria spp. based on partial COXIII gene sequences. Positive ticks were further analyzed using COX1 and 12S rRNA genes. Two novel H. scupense 12S rRNA haplotypes and one novel COX1 haplotype were identified. One T. annulata haplotype previously reported in Algerian cattle was detected. This represents the first molecular characterization of T. annulata from H. scupense ticks in Algeria, providing insights into the genetic diversity of the parasite vector in this region. Overall, the study reveals new haplotypes for both the tick vector and parasite, furthering our understanding of their molecular profiles and phylogenetics in Algeria.

本研究分析了阿尔及利亚热带牛皮癣菌病的病原体环纹丝菌及其蜱媒Hyalomma scupense的分子和系统发育概况。在梅迪亚（Medea）采集了 40 只褐斑蜱，根据 COXIII 基因的部分序列，5 只褐斑蜱的检测结果呈阳性。通过 COX1 和 12S rRNA 基因对阳性蜱进行了进一步分析。发现了两个新的 H. scupense 12S rRNA 单倍型和一个新的 COX1 单倍型。此外，还发现了一个之前在阿尔及利亚牛身上报道过的 T. annulata 单倍型。这是首次对阿尔及利亚 H. scupense 蜱中的 T. annulata 进行分子鉴定，有助于深入了解该地区寄生虫病媒的遗传多样性。总之，这项研究揭示了蜱媒和寄生虫的新单倍型，进一步加深了我们对阿尔及利亚蜱媒和寄生虫分子特征和系统发育的了解。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental infection of Clades 2.2.1.2 (H5N1) and 2.3.4.4b (H5N8) of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in commercial broilers 高致病性禽流感病毒感染 2.2.1.2 支系（H5N1）和 2.3.4.4b 支系（H5N8）在商品肉鸡中的实验感染

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102229

Hesham A. Sultan , Shaimaa Talaat , Sameh Abdel-Moez Amer , Laila Tantawy , Abd Elfattah I. El-Zanaty , Ghadeer M. Albadrani , Muath Q. Al-Ghadi , Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim , Wael K. Elfeil

In this study the pathogenicity, infectivity, and transmissibility of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.2.1.2 and H5N8 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were evaluated in commercial broilers on days 24 and 31. The mortality rate was 100 % in both challenge viruses and in contact birds either on day 24 or day 31 which confirmed the highly pathogenicity of both clades (2.2.1.2/ 2.3.4.4b) in commercial broilers. Both clades (H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b/ H5N1 clade 2.2.1.2 viruses) were efficiently replicate within and transmitted between commercial broilers. The H5N8-infected birds shed high titer of viruses from oropharynx and cloaca, which associated with the field spread of AIV-H5N8 in commercial broilers. Mean lesion score in both challenged clades showed similar scores, which confirmed the pathogenicity of both clades in commercial broilers’ organs (mainly spleen, cerebellum, thymus, Bursa, Lung) which confirm the neurogenic affinity of the virus. In the central nervous system, non-suppurative encephalitis consisting in multifocal areas of necrosis in cerebral hemispheres, intense spongiosis, neuronal chromatolysis and gliosis were commonly observed. In cerebrum, chromatolysis of Purkinje neurons was a common finding. In the lung, interstitial pneumonia consisting of moderate to severe increase of the cellularity (macrophages and lymphoid cells) in air capillaries and focal areas of necrosis associated with intense viral replication was commonly observed. In lymphoid tissues, including spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius, multifocal areas of necrosis/apoptosis of variable intensity in mononuclear cells were present. Particularly, diffuse necrotic areas were present in the spleen. In the liver, we detected focal areas of necrosis with mild distention of hepatic sinusoids. To conclude the AIV either H5N1 or H5N8 have neurological affinity with immune suppression effect based on necrosis and apoptosis of lymphoid tissues.

本研究评估了 H5N1 高致病性禽流感（HPAI）2.2.1.2 支系和 H5N8 高致病性禽流感（HPAI）2.3.4.4b 支系病毒在商品肉鸡中第 24 天和第 31 天的致病性、传染性和传播性。在第 24 天或第 31 天，两种挑战病毒和接触禽类的死亡率均为 100%，这证实了两种支系（2.2.1.2/2.3.4.4b）在商品肉鸡中的高致病性。两个支系（H5N8 支系 2.3.4.4b/ H5N1 支系 2.2.1.2 病毒）都能在商品肉鸡体内有效复制并在商品肉鸡之间传播。感染 H5N8 病毒的家禽口咽部和泄殖腔排出高滴度病毒，这与 AIV-H5N8 在商品肉鸡中的野外传播有关。两个感染支系的平均病变评分相似，这证实了两个支系在商品肉鸡器官（主要是脾脏、小脑、胸腺、法氏囊和肺）的致病性，也证实了病毒的神经亲和性。在中枢神经系统中，非化脓性脑炎常见于大脑半球的多灶性坏死区、强海绵状病变、神经细胞色素溶解和胶质细胞病变。在大脑中，Purkinje 神经元的色溶解是常见现象。肺部常见间质性肺炎，包括毛细血管细胞（巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞）中度至重度增多，以及与病毒剧烈复制有关的灶性坏死区。在淋巴组织（包括脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊）中，单核细胞出现不同程度的多灶性坏死/凋亡。特别是在脾脏中出现了弥漫性坏死区。在肝脏中，我们发现了肝窦轻度扩张的灶性坏死区。总之，无论是 H5N1 还是 H5N8 型禽流感病毒都具有神经系统亲和力，并在淋巴组织坏死和凋亡的基础上产生免疫抑制效应。

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引用次数: 0