Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献_第2页

Genetic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from 2022 to 2023 outbreaks in yaks (Bos grunniens) and cattle in the Himalayan state of Sikkim, India, reveals dominant circulation of the LSDV 1.2.1 variant strain 对2022年至2023年印度锡金喜马拉雅地区牦牛（Bos grunniens）和牛中肿块性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）暴发的遗传特征分析显示，LSDV 1.2.1变异毒株占主导地位

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102432

Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar , Niranjan Mishra , Semmannan Kalaiyarasu , Seema Rai , Aniket Sanyal

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a major threat to global cattle production with an expanding host range. In India, although LSDV-associated mortality in yaks (Bos grunniens) is a major concern, LSD epidemiology in yaks is poorly understood and genetic profile of LSDV from the Northeast is scarce. This study aimed to molecularly detect and genetically characterize the LSDV strains from the 2022–2023 LSD outbreaks in yaks and cattle in the Himalayan state of Sikkim. Infected yaks exhibited clinical signs akin to cattle and necropsy revealed lesions on vital organs. Testing of 23 yak samples and 123 cattle samples by LSDV real-time PCR and antibody ELISA demonstrated LSDV infection. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four selected marker genes (GPCR, RPO30, EEV, and B22R) revealed that LSDV sequences from yaks and cattle belonged to the 1.2.1 sub-cluster, closely related to the circulating 1.2.1 variants from India and Tibet. However, they were distinct from the dominant LSDV strains circulating in India (1.2.2) and China (2.5 recombinant). Detection of identical LSDV sequences and close proximity between yaks and local cattle implied a spillover from cattle. Additionally, our findings showed that concatenated sequence-based analysis could function as a proxy to whole-genome sequence analysis, and the C-terminal 717 bp of the B22R gene may represent a potential single-gene sequencing target for classifying LSDV into well-supported clusters. These findings improved our understanding of LSDV molecular epidemiology and host range and highlight the necessity of LSD control in yaks, and monitoring of cross-border transmission.

肿块性皮肤病（LSD）是全球牛生产的主要威胁，其宿主范围不断扩大。在印度，尽管LSDV在牦牛（Bos grunniens）中的相关死亡率是一个主要问题，但人们对LSDV在牦牛中的流行病学了解甚少，而且来自东北部的LSDV基因谱也很少。本研究旨在对2022-2023年喜马拉雅锡金邦牦牛和牛中爆发的LSDV菌株进行分子检测和遗传表征。受感染的牦牛表现出与牛类似的临床症状，尸检显示重要器官出现病变。对23份牦牛和123份牛进行了LSDV实时荧光定量PCR和抗体ELISA检测，结果显示感染了LSDV。4个标记基因（GPCR、RPO30、EEV和B22R）的测序和系统发育分析表明，牦牛和牛的LSDV序列属于1.2.1亚群，与流行的1.2亚群密切相关。然而，它们不同于在印度（1.2.2）和中国（2.5重组）流行的主要LSDV菌株。检测到相同的LSDV序列和牦牛与当地牛之间的接近性暗示了牛的溢出性。此外，我们的研究结果表明，基于串联序列的分析可以作为全基因组序列分析的代理，B22R基因的c -末端717 bp可能是将LSDV分类为支持良好的簇的潜在单基因测序靶点。这些发现提高了我们对LSDV分子流行病学和宿主范围的认识，并强调了在牦牛中进行LSDV控制和监测跨界传播的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Seroepidemiological investigation and public health implications of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in southern Algeria 阿尔及利亚南部单峰骆驼刚地弓形虫感染的血清流行病学调查和公共卫生意义

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102430

Meriem Mekroud , Amel Titi , Abdesslem Mekroud , Ikram Chettih , Ali Dahmani , Nadjet Amina Khelifi Touhami , Nassim Ouchene

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic protozoan with significant veterinary and public health implications. Despite the economic and cultural importance of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Saharan regions of Algeria, little is known about their role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study represents a comprehensive seroepidemiological investigation of T. gondii in Algerian dromedaries. A total of 76 adult camels were sampled during January–February 2025 across four Saharan provinces (Biskra, Laghouat, Tindouf, and Oued Souf). Serum samples were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies. Seroprevalence was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), and regional differences were assessed through χ² test, odds ratios (OR), and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of antibody titers. Overall, the study revealed a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection (61.8 %) in Algerian dromedaries. Significant heterogeneity was observed between regions (p < 0.01). The lowest prevalence occurred in Oued Souf (25 %; 95 % CI: 8.9–53.2), which served as the reference. In contrast, Biskra exhibited an extremely high prevalence (90 %; OR = 27.0; 95 % CI: 2.4–298.8; p = 0.001), followed by Tindouf (69.7 %; OR = 7.8; 95 % CI: 1.8–34.3; p = 0.005) and Laghouat (57.1 %; OR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 0.9–18.7; p = 0.048). Antibody titers correlated with prevalence, with notably elevated values (>180–250) in Biskra and Tindouf, suggesting intense or repeated exposure. The strong regional disparities likely reflect differences in feline density, water source hygiene, herd management, and microclimatic conditions. The exceptionally high prevalence observed, particularly in Biskra, raises concerns for both animal productivity and zoonotic transmission, given the common consumption of raw camel milk and undercooked meat. This pioneering study highlights the epidemiological significance of dromedaries in the transmission of toxoplasmosis in Algeria and emphasizes the need for integrated surveillance, molecular confirmation of infections, and targeted preventive measures to mitigate zoonotic risks in arid ecosystems.

刚地弓形虫是一种普遍存在的人畜共患原虫，具有重要的兽医和公共卫生意义。尽管单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）在阿尔及利亚撒哈拉地区具有重要的经济和文化意义，但人们对其在弓形虫病流行病学中的作用知之甚少。本研究对阿尔及利亚单峰驼弓形虫进行了全面的血清流行病学调查。在2025年1月至2月期间，在撒哈拉4个省（比斯克拉、拉古瓦特、廷杜夫和Oued Souf）共取样了76头成年骆驼。血清样本采用商用ELISA试剂盒检测特异性抗t抗体。刚抗体。以95% %置信区间（CI）计算血清阳性率，并通过χ 2检验、优势比（OR）和抗体滴度的Kruskal-Wallis分析评估区域差异。总体而言，该研究显示阿尔及利亚单峰骆驼中弓形虫感染的血清阳性率很高（61.8 %）。区域间存在显著异质性（p <； 0.01）。最低的患病率发生在Oued Souf(25 %;95 % CI: 8.9-53.2)，可作为参考。相比之下,比斯克拉展出一个极高的发病率(90 %;或= 27.0;95 % CI: 2.4 - -298.8; p = 0.001),其次是Tindouf(69.7 %;或= 7.8;95 % CI: 1.8 - -34.3; p = 0.005)和Laghouat(57.1 %;或= 4.1;95 % CI: 0.9 - -18.7; p = 0.048)。抗体滴度与患病率相关，比斯克拉和廷杜夫的抗体滴度显著升高（180-250），表明强烈或反复暴露。这种强烈的区域差异可能反映了猫的密度、水源卫生、兽群管理和小气候条件的差异。观察到的异常高的流行率，特别是在比斯克拉，引起了对动物生产力和人畜共患病传播的关注，因为人们普遍食用生骆驼奶和未煮熟的肉。这项开创性研究强调了阿尔及利亚单峰骆驼在弓形虫病传播中的流行病学意义，并强调需要进行综合监测、对感染进行分子确认和采取有针对性的预防措施，以减轻干旱生态系统中的人畜共患病风险。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities in healthy and lymphadenitis-affected Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) lymph nodes 健康人与患淋巴腺炎的豚鼠腹腔淋巴结细菌群落的比较元分类分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102431

Jakson Ch. Del Solar , Victor Guillermo Cornejo Villanueva , Elthon T. Hinojosa Enciso , Jhorsan Mauri Pablo , Diana L. Arista Vargas , Nayeli V. Barrientos , Richard C. Polveiro , Dielson Da Silva Vieira , William Bardales , Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana , Rainer M. Lopez Lapa

Cervical lymphadenitis is a serious inflammatory process that can be contagious and zoonotic, and significantly impacts guinea pig farming, particularly in Peru. The primary etiological agent is Streptococcus equi. This study investigates the microbiota composition of cervical lymph nodes in healthy and lymphadenitis-affected guinea pigs from the Amazonas region. Two guinea pigs breeds (Inti and Peru) were analyzed, including specimens with lymphadenitis and healthy controls. DNA was extracted from lymph node samples, and the 16S rRNA gene's V4 hypervariable region was sequenced. The results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity between healthy and affected guinea pigs, a critical finding was the identification of asymptomatic individuals with a microbiota virtually identical to that of sick animals. Alpha diversity indices demonstrated a higher microbial richness in healthy animals. Beta diversity analyses showed a marked separation between groups, indicating distinct microbial compositions. Taxonomic profiling revealed that genus Streptococcus dominated the microbiota in guinea pigs with lymphadenitis, while healthy animals exhibited a more diverse bacterial community. These findings suggest that cervical lymphadenitis leads to significant microbial alterations, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and an overrepresentation of Streptococcus. This study provides novel and relevant insights into the microbiota associated with guinea pig lymphadenitis, offering a foundational understanding of the disease and revealing the asymptomatic carrier phenomenon, which is crucial for developing improved prevention and diagnostic strategies in production systems

宫颈淋巴结炎是一种严重的炎症过程，可传染和人畜共患，严重影响豚鼠养殖，特别是在秘鲁。主要病原是马链球菌。本研究调查了来自亚马逊地区的健康和淋巴结炎豚鼠颈部淋巴结的微生物群组成。对两个豚鼠品种（英蒂和秘鲁）进行了分析，包括淋巴结炎标本和健康对照。从淋巴结标本中提取DNA，对16S rRNA基因的V4高变区进行测序。结果显示，健康豚鼠和受感染豚鼠之间的微生物多样性存在显著差异，一个关键发现是鉴定出无症状个体的微生物群与患病动物的微生物群几乎相同。α多样性指数表明，健康动物的微生物丰富度更高。β多样性分析显示各组之间有明显的分离，表明微生物组成不同。分类分析显示，在患有淋巴结炎的豚鼠中，链球菌属的微生物群占主导地位，而健康动物则表现出更多样化的细菌群落。这些发现表明，宫颈淋巴结炎导致显著的微生物改变，其特征是微生物多样性减少和链球菌的过度代表。本研究提供了与豚鼠淋巴结炎相关的微生物群的新见解，提供了对该疾病的基础认识，揭示了无症状携带者现象，这对于在生产系统中制定改进的预防和诊断策略至关重要

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and genotyping of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in domestic cats from Tehran, Iran 伊朗德黑兰家猫猫免疫缺陷病毒（FIV）的分子检测和基因分型

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102435

Mohaddese Mortazavi , Hamid Staji , Iradj Ashrafi Tamai

FIV is the etiological agent of a cat disease with features similar to the HIV-induced human AIDS. FIV has negative effects on immune system, leaving the cat vulnerable to many other infections. However, epidemiological studies on FIV are relatively unknown in many parts of Iran. Thus, this study aimed to explore FIV prevalence in DSH client-owned cats in Tehran (capital of Iran) by serologic and molecular-based methods. For this study, 346 cats referring to different veterinary clinics in Tehran were screened in 2025 (January to May) by ELISA for FIV-Ab. Then, seropositive cats were analyzed by RT-PCR. Of those cats, we identified nine seropositive cats and 9 FIVs were genetically characterized using FIV V3-V5 env gene sequences. The FIV prevalence in this study population was low, 2.6 %, as determined by both ELISA and RT-PCR methods. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all FIVs belonged to B subtype/clade. The molecular characterization for the env gene of FIV among Iran’s cat population was reported for the first time. A significant diversification of amino acid substitutions was found in the V3-V5 sequences driven by charge-shifting mutations and glycosylation changes whilst core structural residues showed conservation. All the FIV-infected cats had concurrent secondary infections. Only mild anemia and mild hyperglobulinemia were found among the few FIV-positive cats, so there was not sufficient data to determine any other consistent hematological or biochemical abnormalities in the cats that tested FIV-positive. Altogether, this study suggests that intensive surveillance and effective prevention strategies are required to determine the prevalence of FIV genotypes in Iran and control continuous infections with FIVs.

FIV是一种猫病的病原，其特征与hiv引起的人类艾滋病相似。FIV对免疫系统有负面影响，使猫容易受到许多其他感染。然而，伊朗许多地区对FIV的流行病学研究相对未知。因此，本研究旨在通过血清学和基于分子的方法探讨德黑兰（伊朗首都）DSH客户拥有的猫中FIV的流行情况。在这项研究中，研究人员于2025年（1月至5月）通过ELISA对德黑兰不同兽医诊所的346只猫进行了FIV-Ab筛查。然后采用RT-PCR对血清阳性猫进行分析。在这些猫中，我们鉴定出9只血清阳性猫，并使用FIV V3-V5 env基因序列对9只FIV进行了遗传表征。经ELISA和RT-PCR检测，本研究人群中FIV患病率较低，为2.6 %。系统发育分析表明，所有fiv均属于B亚型/进化支。本文首次报道了伊朗猫FIV病毒env基因的分子特征。在V3-V5序列中，由于电荷转移突变和糖基化变化，氨基酸取代发生了显著的多样化，而核心结构残基则保持不变。所有感染fiv的猫均并发继发感染。在少数fiv阳性的猫中只发现了轻度贫血和轻度高球蛋白血症，因此没有足够的数据来确定fiv阳性猫的任何其他一致的血液学或生化异常。总之，这项研究表明，需要加强监测和有效的预防策略来确定FIV基因型在伊朗的流行情况，并控制FIV的持续感染。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus) and related ticks, Iraq 伊拉克长耳刺猬及相关蜱类布氏柯谢氏菌的分子检测。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102436

Peyman Khademi , Amin Jaydari , Nemat Shams , Zahra Asadollahi , Ahmad Enferadi , Sam Ahmed Abbas , Maryam Najafi Asl , Gianmarco Ferrara , Giovanni Sgroi

Although the long-eared hedgehog (Hemiechinus auritus) may act as a reservoir for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens at the animal-human interface, little is known about the role of this wildlife in the epidemiology of Coxiella burnetti and Borrelia spp. Therefore, this study investigated the presence of these agents in live hedgehogs and related ticks at rescue centers in the Sulaymaniyah province (northeastern Iraq) between July 2024 and August 2025. Ticks and blood samples from hedgehogs were screened by Nested-PCR plus Sanger sequencing targeting genes and plasmids of C. burnetii (IS1111, icd, QpH1, QpRS, QpDV, QpDG) and Borrelia spp. (16S rRNA, 5–23S rRNA, ospA, QpRS and QpDV), as well. Out of 60 hedgehogs, 6 (10.0 %) tested positive for C. burnetii, showing an apparent good health status. All the hedgehogs were infested by ticks, with a total of 150 specimens morphologically identified as adults of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (20 females, 30 males), Hyalomma aegyptium (25 females, 25 males), and Rhipicephalus turanicus (22 females, 28 males). Among these, 4 (2.7 %) were positive for C. burnetii, being 2 R. sanguineus s. l. engorged females and 2 H. aegyptium. All sequence types displayed ≥ 99 % nucleotide identity and close phylogenetic relationship with those in GenBank. No difference in prevalence based on the gender of hedgehogs and ticks was found (p > 0.05). No samples were positive for Borrelia spp. The ability of H. auritus to harbor a nonnegligible prevalence of C. burnetii infections and anthropophilic ticks make these animals a potential reservoir of infection for animals and humans.

尽管长耳刺猬（Hemiechinus auritus）可能是动物-人界面人畜共患蜱传病原体的宿主，但人们对这种野生动物在伯纳蒂克希菌和伯氏疏螺旋体流行病学中的作用知之甚少。因此，本研究于2024年7月至2025年8月在伊拉克苏莱曼尼亚省（东北部）的救援中心调查了这些病原体在活刺猬和相关蜱虫中的存在情况。采用巢式pcr + Sanger测序方法对蜱和刺猬血液样本进行伯氏螺旋体（IS1111、icd、QpH1、QpRS、QpDV、QpDG）和伯氏螺旋体（16S rRNA、5-23S rRNA、ospA、QpRS和QpDV）基因和质粒筛选。在60只刺猬中，6只（10.0 %）检测出伯氏原体阳性，显示出明显的良好健康状况。所有刺猬均有蜱虫寄生，经形态学鉴定，150只标本分别为成年血状鼻头蜱（雌性20只，雄性30只）、埃及透明头蜱（雌性25只，雄性25只）和图兰头蜱（雌性22只，雄性28只）。其中4例（2.7 %）呈伯氏梭菌阳性，2例（ R）呈阳性。2只埃及血蚊和2只埃及血蚊。所有序列类型均与GenBank中的序列具有≥ 99 %的核苷酸同源性和密切的系统发育关系。刺猬和蜱的患病率无性别差异（p > 0.05）。没有样本对伯氏疏螺旋体呈阳性反应。金螺旋体携带伯氏疏螺旋体感染和嗜人蜱的能力不容忽视，使这些动物成为动物和人类感染的潜在宿主。

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引用次数: 0

First report of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in wildlife consumed as bushmeat in Cameroon 喀麦隆首次报告在作为丛林肉食用的野生动物中发现耐多药大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102434

Karyom Djim-Adjim-Ngana , Ibrahima Djoulde , Hermann Landry Munshili Njifon , Cedric Fossi Tchinda , Lucia Nkengazong , Nicolas Njintang Yanou , Mohamed Moctar Mouiche Mouliom

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing global threat to human health, food security, and animal welfare. Wild animals, often consumed as bushmeat, may serve as reservoirs of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. in wild animals intended for human consumption in Cameroon.

Methodology

Between September 2023 and December 2024, 427 fecal samples were collected from twelve wild animal species, including mammals (41.0 %), birds (57.6 %), and reptiles (1.4 %). Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli and Salmonella were performed following standard protocols. Data analysis was conducted using R software.

Results

Overall, 66.1 % of samples were positive for at least one bacterium. E. coli was detected in 66.1 % of samples, while Salmonella spp. was present in 27.2 %. All isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, with 21.1 % classified as MDR. Notably, resistance was observed against critically important antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, and 26 % of E. coli and 9 % of Salmonella isolates were multidrug-resistant.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of resistant and MDR E. coli and Salmonella in wild animals consumed as bushmeat underscores a substantial public health risk. These findings highlight the need for enhanced AMR surveillance, promotion of safer bushmeat consumption practices, and prudent antibiotic stewardship in livestock and agricultural settings. Integrating these measures within a One Health framework is essential to mitigate zoonotic transmission and safeguard human and environmental health in Cameroon.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）对人类健康、粮食安全和动物福利构成日益严重的全球性威胁。野生动物通常作为丛林肉食用，可能成为致病性和耐多药细菌的宿主。本研究旨在调查喀麦隆供人类食用的野生动物中大肠杆菌（E. coli）和沙门氏菌的流行情况和抗生素耐药性。方法2023年9月- 2024年12月共采集12种野生动物粪便样本427份，其中哺乳动物（41.0 %）、鸟类（57.6 %）、爬行动物（1.4 %）。按照标准方案进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离、鉴定和药敏试验。使用R软件进行数据分析。结果66.1 %的样品至少检出一种细菌。大肠杆菌检出率为66.1% %，沙门氏菌检出率为27.2% %。所有分离株均表现出至少一种抗生素耐药，其中21.1% %被列为耐多药。值得注意的是，观察到对包括β -内酰胺在内的重要抗生素类的耐药性，并且26% %的大肠杆菌和9% %的沙门氏菌分离株具有多重耐药性。结论野生动物中耐药和耐多药大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的高流行率表明存在重大的公共卫生风险。这些发现强调了加强抗生素耐药性监测、促进更安全的丛林肉消费习惯以及在畜牧业和农业环境中谨慎管理抗生素的必要性。将这些措施纳入“同一个健康”框架对于减轻人畜共患病传播和保障喀麦隆的人类和环境健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ectoparasite prevalence and new records of bird lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) in dove and pigeon species (Aves: Columbidae) in Algeria 阿尔及利亚鸽子和鸽子（鸽科）体外寄生虫流行及鸟虱新记录(昆虫目：翅翅目

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102421

Amal Semmar , Djamel Bendjoudi , Bilal Dik , Faiza Marniche , Haroun Chenchouni

The Columbidae are widely distributed in Algeria and play important ecological and cultural roles. However, they are also recognized as hosts of diverse ectoparasite communities that may affect bird health and act as potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Despite this importance, knowledge about the diversity, distribution of ectoparasites associated with columbids in Algeria remains fragmentary. This study aimed to provide a complete inventory of ectoparasites infesting domestic and wild columbids in northern Algeria, specifically to (i) assess the species richness of ectoparasites across hosts (ii) identify potential host-specific infestation patterns and (iii) report new records that extend the known geographic distribution of ectoparasitic taxa. Fieldwork was conducted between 2020 and 2023 in three regions of northern Algeria (Blida, Algiers, Tipaza). A total of 133 individuals from six columbid species were examined using standardized capture, handling, and parasite collection protocols. Ectoparasites identified through morphological keys under stereomicroscopy, supplemented by taxonomic descriptions from the literature. A total of 11,294 ectoparasites were recovered, belonging to 16 species across different groups: 13 lice (Phthiraptera), one mite (Acarina), one tick (Ixodida), and one fly (Diptera). Notably, three lice (Colpocephalum turbinatum, Bonomeilla columbae, and Coloceras hilli) were recorded for the first time in Algeria, while Columbicola joudiae was documented for only the second time worldwide and the first time in the country. Lice were the most abundant and showed clear host specificity across columbid species. The mite Falculifer sp., the tick Argas reflexus, and the fly Pseudolychia canariensis were less frequent but indicate a broad spectrum of ectoparasitic taxa infesting columbids. This study offers the first comprehensive overview of columbid ectoparasites in Algeria, revealing high diversity and new records. It emphasizes their ecological and veterinary significance, and calls for further molecular and ecological studies on host–parasite interactions and pathogen transmission.

耧菜科在阿尔及利亚分布广泛，具有重要的生态和文化作用。然而，它们也被认为是多种体外寄生虫群落的宿主，可能影响鸟类健康，并作为人畜共患病原体的潜在宿主。尽管具有这种重要性，但关于阿尔及利亚与柱体有关的外寄生虫的多样性和分布的知识仍然是零碎的。本研究的目的是提供一份完整的阿尔及利亚北部家养和野生柱蝇寄生外寄生虫的清单，特别是(i)评估宿主外寄生虫的物种丰富度（ii）确定潜在的宿主特异性感染模式（iii）报告扩展已知外寄生虫分类群地理分布的新记录。2020年至2023年期间，在阿尔及利亚北部的三个地区（Blida、阿尔及尔、Tipaza）进行了实地调查。采用标准化的捕获、处理和寄生虫收集方案，对6种柱状虫种共133个个体进行了检查。通过立体显微镜下的形态键识别体外寄生虫，并辅以文献中的分类描述。共检获体外寄生虫11294只，分属16种，不同类群：虱类13只，螨类1只，蜱类1只，双翅目1只。值得注意的是，在阿尔及利亚首次记录到三种虱子（疣头虱子、疣头虱子和疣头虱子），而在世界范围内第二次记录到疣头虱子，在该国首次记录到疣头虱子。虱的数量最多，在柱状种中表现出明显的宿主特异性。螨Falculifer sp.、蜱Argas reflexus和canaripseudolychia canariensis发生频率较低，但表明柱体外寄生类群分布广泛。该研究首次全面概述了阿尔及利亚柱状体外寄生虫，揭示了其多样性和新记录。它强调了它们的生态和兽医意义，并呼吁对宿主-寄生虫相互作用和病原体传播进行进一步的分子和生态学研究。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection and phylogenetic characterization of Borrelia theileri and a putative novel Borrelia genotype in Hyalomma dromedarii ticks infesting camels in southern Egypt 埃及南部骆驼透明眼蜱中疏螺旋体的分子检测和系统发育特征及推测的新型疏螺旋体基因型

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102403

Ahmed M. Soliman , Hassan Y.A.H. Mahmoud , Moaz M. Amer , Samah Mohamed , Tatsuro Hifumi , Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara , Tetsuya Tanaka

Ticks are important vectors of various pathogens affecting human and animal health globally. In Egypt, camels are frequently infested with Hyalomma dromedarii, yet their role in harboring and transmitting tick-borne pathogens remains poorly understood. This study aimed to molecularly detect and characterize Borrelia species in H. dromedarii ticks collected from camels in three cities in southern Egypt: Esna, Draw, and Edfu. Of 300 ticks analyzed using PCR targeting the 16S rRNA and flaB genes, 21.3 % (64/300) tested positive for Borrelia species. The highest prevalence was recorded in Edfu (37 %), followed by Draw (19 %) and Esna (13.3 %). Sequencing of the flaB gene revealed two distinct genetic groups. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that one group clustered closely with Borrelia theileri, while the second formed a distinct clade within the relapsing fever group of Borrelia species, showing sufficient genetic divergence to suggest a putative novel genotype or locally adapted strain. This clade was supported by high bootstrap values (99 %) and showed no close relation to previously described species. To our knowledge, this study represents the first detection of B. theileri in camel-associated ticks in Egypt. These findings expand the known genetic diversity of Borrelia species in North Africa and highlight the need for further studies to assess the pathogenic potential and epidemiological significance of these strains in animal and human populations.

蜱是影响全球人类和动物健康的各种病原体的重要媒介。在埃及，骆驼经常感染单峰透明瘤，但它们在窝藏和传播蜱传病原体方面的作用仍然知之甚少。本研究旨在对埃及南部埃斯纳、德鲁和埃德夫三个城市骆驼采集的单峰骆驼蜱中的疏螺旋体进行分子检测和特征鉴定。对300只蜱进行16S rRNA和flaB基因的PCR检测，结果显示伯氏疏螺旋体阳性率为21.3% %（64/300）。Edfu的患病率最高（37% %），其次是Draw（19% %）和Esna（13.3% %）。flaB基因的测序揭示了两个不同的遗传群。系统发育分析表明，其中一组与疏螺旋体紧密聚集在一起，而另一组在疏螺旋体物种的回归热组中形成了一个独特的分支，显示出足够的遗传差异，表明可能存在新的基因型或局部适应菌株。该支系具有较高的自举值（99 %），与先前描述的物种没有密切关系。据我们所知，这项研究代表了埃及首次在骆驼相关蜱中检测到他们的杆菌。这些发现扩大了北非已知伯氏疏螺旋体物种的遗传多样性，并强调需要进一步研究以评估这些菌株在动物和人类群体中的致病潜力和流行病学意义。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular screening for blood pathogens in synanthropic Pipistrellus bats in Spain reveals novel and human-related hemoplasmas 对西班牙合群pipistrelus蝙蝠血液病原体的分子筛选揭示了新型和人类相关的血浆

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102404

Javier Millán , Paula Santibáñez , Luis Vicente Monteagudo , Sofia M. Soares , Alberto Israel , Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor

Urbanization profoundly alters natural habitats, creating environments where adaptable species such as bats thrive. In developed countries, cities may act as hotspots for pathogen transmission from bats to humans, yet urban bat pathogens remain understudied in Europe. This study examined vector-borne and zoonotic bacteria and protozoa in soprano (Pipistrellus pygmaeus, PPY) and Kuhl’s pipistrelles (Pipistrellus kuhlii, PKU) inhabiting Zaragoza, Spain. A total of 213 bats (143 urban, 70 rural; including 7 recaptures) were live-trapped between 2022 and 2024, and blood samples were collected. Initial screening of 77 individuals for Anaplasmataceae, Bartonella, Borrelia, hemotropic Mycoplasma (hemoplasmas), and Leishmania revealed hemoplasmas as the only haemopathogens present. Sequencing of a 330-bp 16S rRNA fragment confirmed infection, which was subsequently assessed in the full sample. Overall, ten bats (4.69 %) tested positive: eight PPY (two rural, six urban) and two PKU (one rural, one urban). Two hemoplasma genotypes were identified. The first, detected in both species across habitats, showed similarity to sequences from bats in Germany and Chile. The second, found in PPY from both environments, clustered closely with the human hemolytic pathogen Candidatus Mycoplasma haematohominis. Extended 16S rRNA (∼ 1400 bp) and 23S rRNA (∼ 1100 bp) sequences were obtained only for the first genotype, which phylogenetic analyses indicated represents a novel species. Since both samples had 99.8–100 % sequence identity across markers, we propose naming it Candidatus Mycoplasma haematopipistrellus sp. nov. Despite the low pathogen diversity observed, results highlight bats as potential ecological bridges for hemoplasma transmission between rural and urban environments.

城市化深刻地改变了自然栖息地，为蝙蝠等适应性强的物种创造了茁壮成长的环境。在发达国家，城市可能是蝙蝠向人类传播病原体的热点，但在欧洲，城市蝙蝠病原体的研究仍然不足。本研究对西班牙萨拉戈萨地区的女高音（Pipistrellus pygmaeus， PPY）和库氏Pipistrellus kuhlii （Pipistrellus kuhlii， PKU）的媒介传播和人畜共患细菌及原虫进行了检测。在2022年至2024年期间，共捕获了213只蝙蝠（143只城市蝙蝠，70只农村蝙蝠；包括7只重新捕获的蝙蝠），并收集了血液样本。对77例无形体科、巴尔通体、伯氏疏螺旋体、嗜血性支原体（血浆）和利什曼原虫的初步筛查显示，血浆是唯一存在的血液病原体。330-bp 16S rRNA片段测序证实感染，随后在整个样本中进行评估。总体而言，10只蝙蝠（4.69 %）检测呈阳性：8只PPY（2只农村，6只城市）和2只PKU（1只农村，1只城市）。鉴定出两种血浆基因型。第一种是在两个物种的不同栖息地中检测到的，与德国和智利蝙蝠的序列相似。第二种是在两种环境的PPY中发现的，与人类溶血病原体血人支原体（Candidatus haematohominis）紧密聚集。仅在第一个基因型中获得了扩展的16S rRNA（~ 1400 bp）和23S rRNA（~ 1100 bp）序列，系统发育分析表明它代表一个新物种。由于这两个样本在标记间的序列一致性为99.8-100 %，我们建议将其命名为Candidatus haematopipistrellus sp. 11 .尽管观察到的病原体多样性较低，但结果表明蝙蝠是农村和城市环境之间血浆传播的潜在生态桥梁。

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引用次数: 0

A common source outbreak of Brucella melitensis infection in male dogs: Serological and molecular investigation 犬种感染布鲁氏菌的一次常见暴发：血清学和分子调查

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102406

Sherin R. Rouby , Mohamed Mahmoud Abdel-Rahim , Amira M. Mazeed , Mohamed A. Bakry , Shawky M. Aboelhadid

The present study aims to describe an outbreak of canine brucellosis in a dog shelter on serological and molecular bases. The infected dogs exhibited testicular enlargement, epididymitis, prostatitis, and orchitis. All dogs were serotested for brucellosis using Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), and buffered acidified antigen plate test (BAAPT). Serum samples and whole blood of serologically positive dogs were subjected to conventional, species-specific real-time, and multiplex PCRs to identify the circulating Brucellae on genus, species, and biovar levels, respectively. Positive results from serological tests confirm the presence of smooth brucellae. The overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 56.7 % as detected by RBPT and BAAPT. Molecular identification using primer sequences targeting the Immunodominant antigen, gene bp26 confirmed Brucella on the genus level. Results of species-specific real-time PCRs confirm the presence of B. melitensis DNA in blood sera of dogs. Multiplex PCR has amplified three fragments of 587 bp, 1071 bp, and 1682 bp characteristic for B. melitensis biovar 3. Trace investigation revealed that the dog's raw meat diet was the most likely source of infection.

本研究旨在描述犬布鲁氏菌病的爆发在狗收容所的血清学和分子基础。受感染的狗表现为睾丸肿大、附睾炎、前列腺炎和睾丸炎。采用玫瑰孟加拉平板试验（RBPT）和缓冲酸化抗原平板试验（BAAPT）对所有犬进行布鲁氏菌病血清检测。对血清学阳性犬的血清和全血分别采用常规pcr、种特异pcr和多重pcr对流行的布鲁氏菌进行属、种和生物变异水平的鉴定。血清学试验阳性结果证实存在光滑布鲁氏菌。RBPT和BAAPT检测布鲁氏菌抗体的血清总阳性率为56.7% %。针对免疫优势抗原bp26基因的引物序列进行分子鉴定，在属水平上证实了布鲁氏菌。犬种特异性实时pcr结果证实犬血清中存在犬利氏杆菌DNA。多重PCR扩增出3个特征片段，分别为587 bp、1071 bp和1682 bp。微量调查显示，狗的生肉饮食是最有可能的感染源。

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引用次数: 0