Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献_第2页

Comparative metataxonomic analysis of bacterial communities in healthy and lymphadenitis-affected Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) lymph nodes 健康人与患淋巴腺炎的豚鼠腹腔淋巴结细菌群落的比较元分类分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102431

Jakson Ch. Del Solar , Victor Guillermo Cornejo Villanueva , Elthon T. Hinojosa Enciso , Jhorsan Mauri Pablo , Diana L. Arista Vargas , Nayeli V. Barrientos , Richard C. Polveiro , Dielson Da Silva Vieira , William Bardales , Jorge Luis Maicelo Quintana , Rainer M. Lopez Lapa

Cervical lymphadenitis is a serious inflammatory process that can be contagious and zoonotic, and significantly impacts guinea pig farming, particularly in Peru. The primary etiological agent is Streptococcus equi. This study investigates the microbiota composition of cervical lymph nodes in healthy and lymphadenitis-affected guinea pigs from the Amazonas region. Two guinea pigs breeds (Inti and Peru) were analyzed, including specimens with lymphadenitis and healthy controls. DNA was extracted from lymph node samples, and the 16S rRNA gene's V4 hypervariable region was sequenced. The results revealed significant differences in microbial diversity between healthy and affected guinea pigs, a critical finding was the identification of asymptomatic individuals with a microbiota virtually identical to that of sick animals. Alpha diversity indices demonstrated a higher microbial richness in healthy animals. Beta diversity analyses showed a marked separation between groups, indicating distinct microbial compositions. Taxonomic profiling revealed that genus Streptococcus dominated the microbiota in guinea pigs with lymphadenitis, while healthy animals exhibited a more diverse bacterial community. These findings suggest that cervical lymphadenitis leads to significant microbial alterations, characterized by reduced microbial diversity and an overrepresentation of Streptococcus. This study provides novel and relevant insights into the microbiota associated with guinea pig lymphadenitis, offering a foundational understanding of the disease and revealing the asymptomatic carrier phenomenon, which is crucial for developing improved prevention and diagnostic strategies in production systems

宫颈淋巴结炎是一种严重的炎症过程，可传染和人畜共患，严重影响豚鼠养殖，特别是在秘鲁。主要病原是马链球菌。本研究调查了来自亚马逊地区的健康和淋巴结炎豚鼠颈部淋巴结的微生物群组成。对两个豚鼠品种（英蒂和秘鲁）进行了分析，包括淋巴结炎标本和健康对照。从淋巴结标本中提取DNA，对16S rRNA基因的V4高变区进行测序。结果显示，健康豚鼠和受感染豚鼠之间的微生物多样性存在显著差异，一个关键发现是鉴定出无症状个体的微生物群与患病动物的微生物群几乎相同。α多样性指数表明，健康动物的微生物丰富度更高。β多样性分析显示各组之间有明显的分离，表明微生物组成不同。分类分析显示，在患有淋巴结炎的豚鼠中，链球菌属的微生物群占主导地位，而健康动物则表现出更多样化的细菌群落。这些发现表明，宫颈淋巴结炎导致显著的微生物改变，其特征是微生物多样性减少和链球菌的过度代表。本研究提供了与豚鼠淋巴结炎相关的微生物群的新见解，提供了对该疾病的基础认识，揭示了无症状携带者现象，这对于在生产系统中制定改进的预防和诊断策略至关重要

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引用次数: 0

First report of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in wildlife consumed as bushmeat in Cameroon 喀麦隆首次报告在作为丛林肉食用的野生动物中发现耐多药大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102434

Karyom Djim-Adjim-Ngana , Ibrahima Djoulde , Hermann Landry Munshili Njifon , Cedric Fossi Tchinda , Lucia Nkengazong , Nicolas Njintang Yanou , Mohamed Moctar Mouiche Mouliom

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a growing global threat to human health, food security, and animal welfare. Wild animals, often consumed as bushmeat, may serve as reservoirs of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. in wild animals intended for human consumption in Cameroon.

Methodology

Between September 2023 and December 2024, 427 fecal samples were collected from twelve wild animal species, including mammals (41.0 %), birds (57.6 %), and reptiles (1.4 %). Isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli and Salmonella were performed following standard protocols. Data analysis was conducted using R software.

Results

Overall, 66.1 % of samples were positive for at least one bacterium. E. coli was detected in 66.1 % of samples, while Salmonella spp. was present in 27.2 %. All isolates exhibited resistance to at least one antibiotic, with 21.1 % classified as MDR. Notably, resistance was observed against critically important antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, and 26 % of E. coli and 9 % of Salmonella isolates were multidrug-resistant.

Conclusion

The high prevalence of resistant and MDR E. coli and Salmonella in wild animals consumed as bushmeat underscores a substantial public health risk. These findings highlight the need for enhanced AMR surveillance, promotion of safer bushmeat consumption practices, and prudent antibiotic stewardship in livestock and agricultural settings. Integrating these measures within a One Health framework is essential to mitigate zoonotic transmission and safeguard human and environmental health in Cameroon.

抗菌素耐药性（AMR）对人类健康、粮食安全和动物福利构成日益严重的全球性威胁。野生动物通常作为丛林肉食用，可能成为致病性和耐多药细菌的宿主。本研究旨在调查喀麦隆供人类食用的野生动物中大肠杆菌（E. coli）和沙门氏菌的流行情况和抗生素耐药性。方法2023年9月- 2024年12月共采集12种野生动物粪便样本427份，其中哺乳动物（41.0 %）、鸟类（57.6 %）、爬行动物（1.4 %）。按照标准方案进行大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的分离、鉴定和药敏试验。使用R软件进行数据分析。结果66.1 %的样品至少检出一种细菌。大肠杆菌检出率为66.1% %，沙门氏菌检出率为27.2% %。所有分离株均表现出至少一种抗生素耐药，其中21.1% %被列为耐多药。值得注意的是，观察到对包括β -内酰胺在内的重要抗生素类的耐药性，并且26% %的大肠杆菌和9% %的沙门氏菌分离株具有多重耐药性。结论野生动物中耐药和耐多药大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的高流行率表明存在重大的公共卫生风险。这些发现强调了加强抗生素耐药性监测、促进更安全的丛林肉消费习惯以及在畜牧业和农业环境中谨慎管理抗生素的必要性。将这些措施纳入“同一个健康”框架对于减轻人畜共患病传播和保障喀麦隆的人类和环境健康至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Genetic characterization of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) from 2022 to 2023 outbreaks in yaks (Bos grunniens) and cattle in the Himalayan state of Sikkim, India, reveals dominant circulation of the LSDV 1.2.1 variant strain 对2022年至2023年印度锡金喜马拉雅地区牦牛（Bos grunniens）和牛中肿块性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）暴发的遗传特征分析显示，LSDV 1.2.1变异毒株占主导地位

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102432

Shashi Bhushan Sudhakar , Niranjan Mishra , Semmannan Kalaiyarasu , Seema Rai , Aniket Sanyal

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a major threat to global cattle production with an expanding host range. In India, although LSDV-associated mortality in yaks (Bos grunniens) is a major concern, LSD epidemiology in yaks is poorly understood and genetic profile of LSDV from the Northeast is scarce. This study aimed to molecularly detect and genetically characterize the LSDV strains from the 2022–2023 LSD outbreaks in yaks and cattle in the Himalayan state of Sikkim. Infected yaks exhibited clinical signs akin to cattle and necropsy revealed lesions on vital organs. Testing of 23 yak samples and 123 cattle samples by LSDV real-time PCR and antibody ELISA demonstrated LSDV infection. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of four selected marker genes (GPCR, RPO30, EEV, and B22R) revealed that LSDV sequences from yaks and cattle belonged to the 1.2.1 sub-cluster, closely related to the circulating 1.2.1 variants from India and Tibet. However, they were distinct from the dominant LSDV strains circulating in India (1.2.2) and China (2.5 recombinant). Detection of identical LSDV sequences and close proximity between yaks and local cattle implied a spillover from cattle. Additionally, our findings showed that concatenated sequence-based analysis could function as a proxy to whole-genome sequence analysis, and the C-terminal 717 bp of the B22R gene may represent a potential single-gene sequencing target for classifying LSDV into well-supported clusters. These findings improved our understanding of LSDV molecular epidemiology and host range and highlight the necessity of LSD control in yaks, and monitoring of cross-border transmission.

肿块性皮肤病（LSD）是全球牛生产的主要威胁，其宿主范围不断扩大。在印度，尽管LSDV在牦牛（Bos grunniens）中的相关死亡率是一个主要问题，但人们对LSDV在牦牛中的流行病学了解甚少，而且来自东北部的LSDV基因谱也很少。本研究旨在对2022-2023年喜马拉雅锡金邦牦牛和牛中爆发的LSDV菌株进行分子检测和遗传表征。受感染的牦牛表现出与牛类似的临床症状，尸检显示重要器官出现病变。对23份牦牛和123份牛进行了LSDV实时荧光定量PCR和抗体ELISA检测，结果显示感染了LSDV。4个标记基因（GPCR、RPO30、EEV和B22R）的测序和系统发育分析表明，牦牛和牛的LSDV序列属于1.2.1亚群，与流行的1.2亚群密切相关。然而，它们不同于在印度（1.2.2）和中国（2.5重组）流行的主要LSDV菌株。检测到相同的LSDV序列和牦牛与当地牛之间的接近性暗示了牛的溢出性。此外，我们的研究结果表明，基于串联序列的分析可以作为全基因组序列分析的代理，B22R基因的c -末端717 bp可能是将LSDV分类为支持良好的簇的潜在单基因测序靶点。这些发现提高了我们对LSDV分子流行病学和宿主范围的认识，并强调了在牦牛中进行LSDV控制和监测跨界传播的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular detection of hemoplasmas and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in a dairy water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) farm from southeastern Brazil 巴西东南部乳水牛（Bubalus bubalis）农场边缘无形体的血浆分子检测和遗传多样性

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102433

Caroline Tostes Secato , Luiz Ricardo Gonçalves , Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos , Renan Bressianini do Amaral , Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel , Thiago Merighi Vieira da Silva , Rosangela Zacarias Machado , Marcos Rogério André

Brazil has the largest water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) herd outside the Asian continent. As buffalo farming has become an economically important activity and has grown in recent years, studies are needed on the occurrence of pathogens shared between cattle and water buffaloes, since, in most locations, these animals graze together. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular occurrence of hemoplasmas and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale in water buffaloes and associated ectoparasites in southeastern Brazil. DNA was extracted from 81 blood samples, 165 Rhipicephalus microplus ticks, and 92 Haematopinus tuberculatus lice from water buffaloes. In 16S rRNA gene-based PCR assays, 25.9 % (21/81) of buffalo blood samples were positive for ‘Ca. M. haemobos’, 50.6 % (41/81) for M. wenyonii, and 23 (28.4 %) for both hemoplasma species. In the A. marginale qPCR targeting the msp1β gene, 46.9 % of buffalo blood samples, 1.08 % of louse samples, and 49.1 % of tick samples were positive. High genetic diversity of A. marginale, including 10 new strains and three previously reported strains, was found in water buffaloes and associated ticks in the studied region. Anaplasma marginale genotype E was the most prevalent. Genetic diversity indices indicated that the short sequence repeats (SSRs) of A. marginale msp1α were highly diverse within the studied region, but showed low dispersion to other regions of the country. The absence of anemia in water buffaloes co-infected with M. wenyonii, ‘Ca. M. haemobos’, and A. marginale suggests a possible resistance of these animals to infection by these agents.

巴西拥有亚洲大陆以外最大的水牛群。由于水牛养殖已成为一项重要的经济活动，并且近年来有所增长，因此需要对牛和水牛之间共有病原体的发生情况进行研究，因为在大多数地方，这两种动物一起吃草。本研究的目的是调查巴西东南部水牛血浆的分子发生和边缘无原体的遗传多样性以及相关的体外寄生虫。从81份水牛血样、165份微头蜱和92份结核血蜱中提取DNA。在16S rRNA基因PCR检测中，25.9 %（21/81）的水牛血液标本呈Ca阳性。温氏支原体为50.6 %(41/81)，两种血原体为23（28.4 %）。在针对msp1β基因的边缘型血蜱qPCR中，水牛标本46.9 %、虱子标本1.08 %和蜱虫标本49.1 %的qPCR阳性。在研究区水牛及相关蜱类中发现10个新菌株和3个已报道的菌株具有较高的遗传多样性。边缘无原体基因型E最为普遍。遗传多样性指数表明，南芥msp1α短序列重复序列（SSRs）在研究区域内具有高度多样性，但在全国其他地区的分散程度较低。同时感染温氏分枝杆菌的水牛无贫血。血红分枝杆菌和边缘分枝杆菌表明这些动物可能对这些病原体的感染具有抵抗力。

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引用次数: 0

Seroepidemiological investigation and public health implications of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in southern Algeria 阿尔及利亚南部单峰骆驼刚地弓形虫感染的血清流行病学调查和公共卫生意义

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102430

Meriem Mekroud , Amel Titi , Abdesslem Mekroud , Ikram Chettih , Ali Dahmani , Nadjet Amina Khelifi Touhami , Nassim Ouchene

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic protozoan with significant veterinary and public health implications. Despite the economic and cultural importance of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the Saharan regions of Algeria, little is known about their role in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis. This study represents a comprehensive seroepidemiological investigation of T. gondii in Algerian dromedaries. A total of 76 adult camels were sampled during January–February 2025 across four Saharan provinces (Biskra, Laghouat, Tindouf, and Oued Souf). Serum samples were analyzed using a commercial ELISA kit to detect specific anti-T. gondii antibodies. Seroprevalence was calculated with 95 % confidence intervals (CI), and regional differences were assessed through χ² test, odds ratios (OR), and Kruskal–Wallis analysis of antibody titers. Overall, the study revealed a high seroprevalence of T. gondii infection (61.8 %) in Algerian dromedaries. Significant heterogeneity was observed between regions (p < 0.01). The lowest prevalence occurred in Oued Souf (25 %; 95 % CI: 8.9–53.2), which served as the reference. In contrast, Biskra exhibited an extremely high prevalence (90 %; OR = 27.0; 95 % CI: 2.4–298.8; p = 0.001), followed by Tindouf (69.7 %; OR = 7.8; 95 % CI: 1.8–34.3; p = 0.005) and Laghouat (57.1 %; OR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 0.9–18.7; p = 0.048). Antibody titers correlated with prevalence, with notably elevated values (>180–250) in Biskra and Tindouf, suggesting intense or repeated exposure. The strong regional disparities likely reflect differences in feline density, water source hygiene, herd management, and microclimatic conditions. The exceptionally high prevalence observed, particularly in Biskra, raises concerns for both animal productivity and zoonotic transmission, given the common consumption of raw camel milk and undercooked meat. This pioneering study highlights the epidemiological significance of dromedaries in the transmission of toxoplasmosis in Algeria and emphasizes the need for integrated surveillance, molecular confirmation of infections, and targeted preventive measures to mitigate zoonotic risks in arid ecosystems.

刚地弓形虫是一种普遍存在的人畜共患原虫，具有重要的兽医和公共卫生意义。尽管单峰骆驼（Camelus dromedarius）在阿尔及利亚撒哈拉地区具有重要的经济和文化意义，但人们对其在弓形虫病流行病学中的作用知之甚少。本研究对阿尔及利亚单峰驼弓形虫进行了全面的血清流行病学调查。在2025年1月至2月期间，在撒哈拉4个省（比斯克拉、拉古瓦特、廷杜夫和Oued Souf）共取样了76头成年骆驼。血清样本采用商用ELISA试剂盒检测特异性抗t抗体。刚抗体。以95% %置信区间（CI）计算血清阳性率，并通过χ 2检验、优势比（OR）和抗体滴度的Kruskal-Wallis分析评估区域差异。总体而言，该研究显示阿尔及利亚单峰骆驼中弓形虫感染的血清阳性率很高（61.8 %）。区域间存在显著异质性（p <； 0.01）。最低的患病率发生在Oued Souf(25 %;95 % CI: 8.9-53.2)，可作为参考。相比之下,比斯克拉展出一个极高的发病率(90 %;或= 27.0;95 % CI: 2.4 - -298.8; p = 0.001),其次是Tindouf(69.7 %;或= 7.8;95 % CI: 1.8 - -34.3; p = 0.005)和Laghouat(57.1 %;或= 4.1;95 % CI: 0.9 - -18.7; p = 0.048)。抗体滴度与患病率相关，比斯克拉和廷杜夫的抗体滴度显著升高（180-250），表明强烈或反复暴露。这种强烈的区域差异可能反映了猫的密度、水源卫生、兽群管理和小气候条件的差异。观察到的异常高的流行率，特别是在比斯克拉，引起了对动物生产力和人畜共患病传播的关注，因为人们普遍食用生骆驼奶和未煮熟的肉。这项开创性研究强调了阿尔及利亚单峰骆驼在弓形虫病传播中的流行病学意义，并强调需要进行综合监测、对感染进行分子确认和采取有针对性的预防措施，以减轻干旱生态系统中的人畜共患病风险。

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引用次数: 0

Comparing the respiratory tract microbiome in captive elephants and humans in Chitwan National Park: Implications for conservation medicine 奇旺国家公园圈养大象和人类呼吸道微生物组的比较：对保护医学的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102422

Rajesh Man Rajbhandari , Seily Shrestha , Prajwol Manandhar , Rajindra Napit , Amir Sadaula , Ashok Chaudhary , Roji Raut , Christian Gortázar , Paulo Célio Alves , José de la Fuente , João Queirós , Giovanni Forcina , Dibesh Karmacharya

The study of gut microbiome in both animals and humans living in proximity has proven crucial in understanding their coevolution, the potential for microbial transfer and the dynamics behind various diseases. Similarly, the investigation of respiratory microbiomes has been gaining popularity due to its significance and impact on respiratory health. Here, we use 16S rRNA metabarcoding to explore the respiratory microbiome of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) and their mahouts (i.e., trainers and handlers) in Chitwan National Park (Nepal), with local villagers residing out of the protected area acting as control. Sputum samples were collected to characterize their bacterial composition, while its functional profile was inferred with PICRUSt2. Additionally, the occurrence of genera hosting potentially pathogenic ESKAPE-E species was evaluated. Our findings revealed high similarity in the bacterial and functional composition of the respiratory microbiome of elephants and mahouts, with Bacillota and Pseudomonadota emerging as the most abundant phyla across all host categories and the controls displaying the highest diversity. A striking difference was observed in relation to the family Bacillaceae that dominated the microbial composition of both mahouts and elephants but not controls. Genera hosting potentially pathogenic ESKAPE-E bacteria were found in all host categories, which underscores the need for in-depth analyses to identify the species involved. Our study delivers valuable insights in the respiratory microbial community of both Asian elephants and humans, thus laying the basis for further investigations on their diversity and function, unveiling their role in respiratory health of both host species.

事实证明，对生活在附近的动物和人类肠道微生物组的研究对于理解它们的共同进化、微生物转移的潜力和各种疾病背后的动力学至关重要。同样，呼吸道微生物组的研究也因其对呼吸健康的重要性和影响而越来越受欢迎。本研究采用16S rRNA元编码技术，对尼泊尔奇旺国家公园圈养亚洲象及其驯象员（即驯象员和训象员）的呼吸微生物群进行了研究，并以居住在保护区外的当地村民为对照。收集痰样本以表征其细菌组成，同时用PICRUSt2推断其功能谱。此外，还评估了潜在致病性ESKAPE-E物种宿主属的发生情况。我们的研究结果显示，大象和象群呼吸微生物组的细菌和功能组成高度相似，杆状杆菌和假单胞菌是所有宿主类别中数量最多的门，而对照组的多样性最高。在象象和大象的微生物组成中，杆菌科占主导地位，而对照组则不占主导地位。在所有宿主类别中都发现了潜在致病性ESKAPE-E细菌的宿主属，这强调了对所涉及的物种进行深入分析的必要性。我们的研究为亚洲象和人类的呼吸微生物群落提供了有价值的见解，从而为进一步研究它们的多样性和功能奠定了基础，揭示了它们在两种宿主物种呼吸健康中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Surveillance of avian influenza viruses in the Izumi plain reveals the role of wild ducks in the introduction of H5N1 HPAIVs during the 2023/24 winter season. 对泉平原禽流感病毒的监测揭示了野鸭在2023/24冬季期间H5N1型hpaiv的传入中所起的作用。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102389

Mana Esaki, Kosuke Okuya, Kaori Tokorozaki, Yuko Haraguchi, Jun Ito, Makoto Ozawa

The Izumi plain, located in the southern part of Japan, serves as a major overwintering site for endangered crane species, including the hooded crane (Grus monacha) and the white-naped crane (Grus vipio). Since the 2012/13 winter season, continuous surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in environmental water and wild birds has been conducted in this region. During the 2023/24 winter season, 45 isolates of H5N1 high pathogenicity AIVs (HPAIVs) and 24 isolates of low pathogenicity AIVs (LPAIVs) were obtained at different time points from crane roost water. Additionally, H5N1 HPAIVs were detected in four wild ducks in November 2023 and in eight cranes in December 2023. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all H5N1 HPAIVs belonged to subclade G2d of clade 2.3.4.4b, with early winter isolates-particularly those from wild ducks and roost water-occupying more ancestral phylogenetic positions. These findings suggest that wild ducks likely introduced HPAIVs into the overwintering site. Genotype analysis based on the genetic constellations of all eight gene segments indicated the co-introduction of multiple HPAIV genotypes into the Izumi plain and suggested bidirectional gene segment exchange between HPAIVs and LPAIVs. Hemagglutination inhibition assays detected no H5 HA-specific antibodies in six overwintering cranes, implying a limited role for cranes in virus dissemination. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of continued virological surveillance and genetic monitoring of AIVs at major overwintering sites, where close ecological interactions between wild ducks and cranes facilitate cross-species transmission.

和泉平原位于日本南部，是包括帽鹤（Grus monacha）和白枕鹤（Grus vipio）在内的濒危鹤类的主要越冬地。自2012/13年冬季以来，在该区域对环境水和野鸟中的禽流感病毒进行了持续监测。在2023/24冬季，在不同时间点从鹤栖水中分离出H5N1高致病性AIVs (HPAIVs) 45株和低致病性AIVs (LPAIVs) 24株。此外，2023年11月在4只野鸭和2023年12月在8只鹤中检测到H5N1型hpaiv。系统发育分析显示，所有H5N1型hpaiv都属于2.3.4.4b进化支的G2d亚进化支，而初冬分离株——特别是来自野鸭和栖息地水域的分离株——占据了更多的祖先系统发育位置。这些发现表明野鸭可能将hpaiv引入了越冬地。基于所有8个基因片段的基因型分析表明，Izumi平原存在多个HPAIV基因型的共引入，HPAIV与lpaiv之间存在双向基因片段交换。6只越冬鹤的血凝抑制实验未检测到H5 ha特异性抗体，提示越冬鹤在病毒传播中的作用有限。总的来说，这些发现强调了在野鸭和鹤之间密切的生态相互作用促进跨物种传播的主要越冬地点对aiv进行持续病毒学监测和遗传监测的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of antibiotic resistance in Southeastern US raptors before and after rehabilitation. 美国东南部猛禽康复前后的抗生素耐药性模式。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388

Leigha M Stahl, Stephanie Kadletz, Julie B Olson

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing issue that affects human and animal health. Birds can serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which combined with their ability to fly, increases the risk of disseminating resistant bacteria. To assess antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteria were isolated from fecal samples collected from raptors, defined as birds of prey, admitted to a raptor rehabilitation center. A total of 389 isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered from 61 raptors, and each isolate was subjected to phenotypic susceptibility tests for nine antibiotics. Resistant phenotypes were recorded, and the highest levels were observed when isolates were exposed to tetracycline (71/389 isolates; 18.3 %), ampicillin (35/389 isolates; 9.0 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21/389 isolates; 5.4 %), and trimethoprim (19/389 isolates; 4.9 %) via the disk diffusion method. Of the resistant isolates, 31.6 % displayed resistance to two or more antibiotics within the same isolate and 6.3 % displayed multidrug resistance; the greatest amount of multidrug resistance was observed in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates, some due to intrinsic resistance for En. hormaechei. Birds slated for release maintained similar antibiotic resistance profiles compared to intake. Conversely, non-releasable birds harbored different types of antibiotic resistance. Based on logistic regression for 374 isolates and a subset of isolates collected from the same bird at different timepoints, our study indicates that time influences phenotypic antibiotic resistance during rehabilitation. Antibiotic use, variety of food items, and bird health outcome also influence antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that this is a complex but relevant topic for study.

抗生素耐药性是影响人类和动物健康的一个日益严重的问题。鸟类可以作为耐抗生素细菌的宿主，再加上它们的飞行能力，增加了传播耐药细菌的风险。为了评估抗生素耐药性模式，从猛禽（定义为猛禽）的粪便样本中分离出细菌，猛禽被送入猛禽康复中心。从61只猛禽中分离得到389株肠杆菌科细菌，并对每一株进行了9种抗生素的表型敏感性试验。记录了耐药表型，当分离株暴露于四环素时观察到最高水平(71/389分离株；18.3 %)，氨苄西林(35/389株；9.0 %)，甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑(21/389株；5.4 %)和甲氧苄啶(19/389株；4.9 %)通过磁盘扩散法。在耐药菌株中，31.6% %对同一菌株内的两种或两种以上抗生素耐药，6.3% %为多药耐药；大肠杆菌和贺氏肠杆菌的多药耐药程度最高，部分原因是对En的固有耐药。hormaechei。与摄入的鸟类相比，被释放的鸟类保持着相似的抗生素耐药性。相反，不能释放的鸟类则有不同类型的抗生素耐药性。基于在不同时间点采集的374株分离株和一小部分分离株的逻辑回归，我们的研究表明，时间影响康复期间的表型抗生素耐药性。抗生素使用、食物种类和鸟类健康结果也会影响抗生素耐药性模式，这表明这是一个复杂但相关的研究课题。

{"title":"Patterns of antibiotic resistance in Southeastern US raptors before and after rehabilitation.","authors":"Leigha M Stahl, Stephanie Kadletz, Julie B Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is an increasing issue that affects human and animal health. Birds can serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which combined with their ability to fly, increases the risk of disseminating resistant bacteria. To assess antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteria were isolated from fecal samples collected from raptors, defined as birds of prey, admitted to a raptor rehabilitation center. A total of 389 isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered from 61 raptors, and each isolate was subjected to phenotypic susceptibility tests for nine antibiotics. Resistant phenotypes were recorded, and the highest levels were observed when isolates were exposed to tetracycline (71/389 isolates; 18.3 %), ampicillin (35/389 isolates; 9.0 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21/389 isolates; 5.4 %), and trimethoprim (19/389 isolates; 4.9 %) via the disk diffusion method. Of the resistant isolates, 31.6 % displayed resistance to two or more antibiotics within the same isolate and 6.3 % displayed multidrug resistance; the greatest amount of multidrug resistance was observed in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates, some due to intrinsic resistance for En. hormaechei. Birds slated for release maintained similar antibiotic resistance profiles compared to intake. Conversely, non-releasable birds harbored different types of antibiotic resistance. Based on logistic regression for 374 isolates and a subset of isolates collected from the same bird at different timepoints, our study indicates that time influences phenotypic antibiotic resistance during rehabilitation. Antibiotic use, variety of food items, and bird health outcome also influence antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that this is a complex but relevant topic for study.</p>","PeriodicalId":50999,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"123 ","pages":"102388"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ectoparasite prevalence and new records of bird lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera) in dove and pigeon species (Aves: Columbidae) in Algeria 阿尔及利亚鸽子和鸽子（鸽科）体外寄生虫流行及鸟虱新记录(昆虫目：翅翅目

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102421

Amal Semmar , Djamel Bendjoudi , Bilal Dik , Faiza Marniche , Haroun Chenchouni

The Columbidae are widely distributed in Algeria and play important ecological and cultural roles. However, they are also recognized as hosts of diverse ectoparasite communities that may affect bird health and act as potential reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens. Despite this importance, knowledge about the diversity, distribution of ectoparasites associated with columbids in Algeria remains fragmentary. This study aimed to provide a complete inventory of ectoparasites infesting domestic and wild columbids in northern Algeria, specifically to (i) assess the species richness of ectoparasites across hosts (ii) identify potential host-specific infestation patterns and (iii) report new records that extend the known geographic distribution of ectoparasitic taxa. Fieldwork was conducted between 2020 and 2023 in three regions of northern Algeria (Blida, Algiers, Tipaza). A total of 133 individuals from six columbid species were examined using standardized capture, handling, and parasite collection protocols. Ectoparasites identified through morphological keys under stereomicroscopy, supplemented by taxonomic descriptions from the literature. A total of 11,294 ectoparasites were recovered, belonging to 16 species across different groups: 13 lice (Phthiraptera), one mite (Acarina), one tick (Ixodida), and one fly (Diptera). Notably, three lice (Colpocephalum turbinatum, Bonomeilla columbae, and Coloceras hilli) were recorded for the first time in Algeria, while Columbicola joudiae was documented for only the second time worldwide and the first time in the country. Lice were the most abundant and showed clear host specificity across columbid species. The mite Falculifer sp., the tick Argas reflexus, and the fly Pseudolychia canariensis were less frequent but indicate a broad spectrum of ectoparasitic taxa infesting columbids. This study offers the first comprehensive overview of columbid ectoparasites in Algeria, revealing high diversity and new records. It emphasizes their ecological and veterinary significance, and calls for further molecular and ecological studies on host–parasite interactions and pathogen transmission.

耧菜科在阿尔及利亚分布广泛，具有重要的生态和文化作用。然而，它们也被认为是多种体外寄生虫群落的宿主，可能影响鸟类健康，并作为人畜共患病原体的潜在宿主。尽管具有这种重要性，但关于阿尔及利亚与柱体有关的外寄生虫的多样性和分布的知识仍然是零碎的。本研究的目的是提供一份完整的阿尔及利亚北部家养和野生柱蝇寄生外寄生虫的清单，特别是(i)评估宿主外寄生虫的物种丰富度（ii）确定潜在的宿主特异性感染模式（iii）报告扩展已知外寄生虫分类群地理分布的新记录。2020年至2023年期间，在阿尔及利亚北部的三个地区（Blida、阿尔及尔、Tipaza）进行了实地调查。采用标准化的捕获、处理和寄生虫收集方案，对6种柱状虫种共133个个体进行了检查。通过立体显微镜下的形态键识别体外寄生虫，并辅以文献中的分类描述。共检获体外寄生虫11294只，分属16种，不同类群：虱类13只，螨类1只，蜱类1只，双翅目1只。值得注意的是，在阿尔及利亚首次记录到三种虱子（疣头虱子、疣头虱子和疣头虱子），而在世界范围内第二次记录到疣头虱子，在该国首次记录到疣头虱子。虱的数量最多，在柱状种中表现出明显的宿主特异性。螨Falculifer sp.、蜱Argas reflexus和canaripseudolychia canariensis发生频率较低，但表明柱体外寄生类群分布广泛。该研究首次全面概述了阿尔及利亚柱状体外寄生虫，揭示了其多样性和新记录。它强调了它们的生态和兽医意义，并呼吁对宿主-寄生虫相互作用和病原体传播进行进一步的分子和生态学研究。

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引用次数: 0

Detection of neutralizing antibody to Feline herpesvirus type 1 in cat serum 猫血清中1型猫疱疹病毒中和抗体的检测

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102419

Jia Yang , Rui Mei , Kangyixin Sun , Fuqiang Xu , Fan Jia

Feline Herpesvirus-1 is a major pathogen that causes feline viral rhinotracheitis, pneumonia, and ocular diseases. This virus is transmitted through direct or indirect contact with secretions from infected cats. Approximately 80 % of infected cats establish lifelong latent infections, making FHV-1 a persistent and significant threat to feline health. Current control strategies mainly rely on antiviral medications and vaccines to mitigate disease severity and reduce viral transmission. However, the extent to which individual cats can develop protective immunity following FHV-1 infection or vaccination remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, a double-reporter FHV-1 was employed to detect neutralizing antibody titers in serum samples collected from 89 domestic cats. The results revealed that 93.75 % of unvaccinated cats exhibited a positive FHV-1-neutralizing antibody, whereas 82.19 % of the cats in the vaccinated group lacked detectable neutralizing antibodies, indicating individual variation in immune responses. Subsequent correlation analyses within the vaccinated group demonstrated that cats aged 3–12 months and aged ≥ 12 months were 11.32-fold and 9.22-fold more likely to exhibit viral suppression compared to those aged ≤ 3 months, respectively. These findings suggest that FHV-1 has a high natural infection rate, and vaccination can enhance the levels of neutralizing antibodies, although vaccine effectiveness varies among individuals. Therefore, the development of diverse vaccine formulations and the implementation of routine serological screening are crucial for disease control.

猫疱疹病毒-1是引起猫病毒性鼻气管炎、肺炎和眼部疾病的主要病原体。这种病毒通过直接或间接接触受感染猫的分泌物传播。大约80% %受感染的猫形成终身潜伏感染，使FHV-1成为对猫健康的持续和重大威胁。目前的控制策略主要依靠抗病毒药物和疫苗来减轻疾病严重程度和减少病毒传播。然而，在感染FHV-1或接种疫苗后，个体猫能在多大程度上产生保护性免疫仍不清楚。因此，本研究采用双报告型FHV-1检测89只家猫血清中的中和抗体滴度。结果显示，93.75% %未接种疫苗的猫表现出fhv -1中和抗体阳性，而接种疫苗组中82.19 %的猫缺乏可检测到的中和抗体，这表明免疫反应的个体差异。随后的相关分析表明，与≤ 3个月的猫相比，3 - 12个月和≥ 12个月的猫表现出病毒抑制的可能性分别高出11.32倍和9.22倍。这些发现表明，FHV-1具有很高的自然感染率，尽管疫苗的有效性因人而异，但接种疫苗可以提高中和抗体的水平。因此，开发多样化的疫苗配方和实施常规血清学筛查对疾病控制至关重要。

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引用次数: 0