Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases最新文献_第4页

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenem encoding genes among carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from North Casablanca, Morocco 摩洛哥北卡萨布兰卡地区碳青霉烯耐药革兰氏阴性菌碳青霉烯编码基因的表型和基因型分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102399

Fatima Mourabiti , FatimaZahra Jouga , Yasmina Mouzoun , Sinem Arslan , Rossana Schena , Yassine Zouheir , Abdelaziz Soukri , Luisa De Martino , Francesca Paola Nocera , Bouchra El Khalfi

Carbapenem resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) are a major cause of critical infections and are considered an urgent public health concern. The present study aimed to describe the prevalence of CR-GNB and the dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes in clinical isolates from Casablanca, Morocco. Firstly, the strains were collected and identified using phenotypic and biochemical methods, then the antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the disc diffusion assay to screen isolates resistant to carbapenems. Secondly, three traditional methods, the carbapenem inactivation method, the modified Hodge, and the in-house carba-NP, were performed to predict the carbapenemase production by the included strains. Finally, conventional PCR was utilized to validate and detect the carbapenemase- and ESBL-related genes. Concerning the results, out of the identified 122 strains, 48 were CR isolates, including 30 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 13 Escherichia coli, and 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, these strains presented a high level of resistance. Moreover, the prediction of carbapenemase production by the phenotypic methods showed variable results. Also, the PCR analysis revealed a high occurrence of β-lactamase (ESBL and carbapenemase) genes in the included clinical strains, and most strains harbored multiple resistance genes. Our findings suggest that the three existing methods have some limitations, and a validation study is still necessary for the carbapenemase diagnostics.

革兰氏阴性菌（CR-GNB）中的碳青霉烯耐药基因是严重感染的主要原因，被认为是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在描述CR-GNB在摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡临床分离株中的流行情况以及广谱β -内酰胺酶（ESBL）和碳青霉烯酶基因的传播。首先采用表型和生化方法对菌株进行鉴定，然后采用圆盘扩散法对其进行药敏评价，筛选对碳青霉烯类耐药菌株。其次，采用碳青霉烯类酶灭活法、改良的Hodge法和室内碳青霉烯类酶np法3种传统方法预测菌株碳青霉烯类酶的产量。最后，采用常规PCR方法对碳青霉烯酶和esbl相关基因进行验证和检测。结果鉴定出122株CR分离菌48株，其中肺炎克雷伯菌30株，大肠杆菌13株，铜绿假单胞菌5株。此外，这些菌株表现出高水平的抗性。此外，表型方法对碳青霉烯酶产量的预测结果也不尽相同。PCR分析结果显示，临床菌株中β-内酰胺酶（ESBL和碳青霉烯酶）基因的发生率较高，且大多数菌株含有多个耐药基因。我们的研究结果表明，现有的三种方法存在一定的局限性，对碳青霉烯酶的诊断仍需要进行验证研究。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular prevalence of zoonotic nematode parasite Calodium hepaticum in household rat population in Chennai city, India 印度金奈市家鼠群人畜共患线虫寄生虫肝钙的分子流行病学

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102400

Azhahianambi Palavesam , Gokula Kannan Ragavan , Jalantha Periasamy , Purushothaman Selvaraj , Dharman Murugesan , Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan , Aravindh Babu Ramasamy Parthiban , Soundararajan Chinnaiyan , Srinivasan Morkonda Rajaram , Sridhar Ramaswamy , Nagendra R. Hegde , G. Taru Sharma

Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a zoonotic nematode parasite occurring commonly in the liver of rats, which act as primary reservoir hosts. In the present study, 55 household rats in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, were trapped and screened for C. hepaticum infection in the liver. All the collected rat liver samples were subjected to macroscopic examination. Rat liver samples with yellowish-white patch lesions were confirmed for the presence of bi-operculate and ellipsoidal shape eggs by parasitological and histopathological examination. A parasite-specific semi-nested PCR was developed to amplify the partial 18S rRNA gene of C. hepaticum. The limit of detection of the semi-nested PCR was 15 aM. All the liver samples were screened by the semi-nested PCR. Of the 55 rat liver samples screened by semi-nested PCR, 21 were positive for C. hepaticum, indicating a prevalence of 38.18 %. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the 18S rRNA gene sequence belonged to C. hepaticum. This report is the first molecular confirmation of C. hepaticum in rats in India. This study highlights the high level of prevalence of C. hepaticum in the household rat population and the risk of zoonotic transmission of hepatic calodiosis to human beings living in close proximity to infected rats.

肝毛细线虫是一种常见于大鼠肝脏的人畜共患线虫寄生虫，是主要宿主。本研究在印度泰米尔纳德邦金奈市捕获55只家鼠，进行肝源性肝原体感染筛查。所有采集的大鼠肝脏标本均进行宏观检查。经寄生虫学和组织病理学检查，证实黄白色斑块病变的大鼠肝脏中存在双孔卵和椭球形卵。建立了一种疟原虫特异性的半巢式聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法，扩增肝芽胞杆菌18S rRNA部分基因。半巢式PCR的检测限为15am。所有肝脏标本均采用半巢式PCR筛选。半巢式PCR筛选的55份大鼠肝脏标本中，21份呈肝原性肝炎阳性，阳性率为38.18 %。系统发育分析证实该18S rRNA基因序列属于肝型肝炎病毒。本报告是印度第一个在大鼠中发现肝源性肝炎的分子证实。本研究强调了肝原性肝炎在家庭大鼠种群中的高流行率，以及与受感染大鼠生活在一起的人有人畜共患传播肝性钙化病的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Zoonotic variants of Bartonella henselae in domesticated cats, including blood donors, in central-western Brazil 巴西中西部家养猫（包括献血者）中亨塞拉巴尔通体的人畜共患变异

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102398

Lorena Freitas das Neves , Clara Morato Dias , Anna Claudia Baumel Mongruel , Gabrielly de Oliveira Lopes , Liliane Maria do Rosario Batista , Francisco Anilton Alves Araujo , Gener Tadeu Pereira , Rosangela Zacarias Machado , Marcos Rogério André

Bartonella henselae is a significant zoonotic agent, with domestic cats serving as primary reservoirs. This study investigated the occurrence and genetic diversity of B. henselae in domestic cats from central-western Brazil, including both animals from veterinary clinics and cat blood donors. Serological, microbiological, and molecular techniques were employed. Serum samples were tested using the Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) to detect anti-B. henselae IgG antibodies. Molecular detection of Bartonella spp. was performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the 16–23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, both directly from blood and after enrichment in Bartonella Alpha Proteobacteria Growth Medium (BAPGM). Antibodies were detected in 60.75 % of cats, while qPCR identified Bartonella spp. DNA in 32 % and 46 % of cats from veterinary clinics and blood donors, respectively. Following BAPGM enrichment, 78.2 % of previously negative samples were tested positive by qPCR. Co-positivity in serology and qPCR was observed in 25.3 % of cats. No sample tested positive in all diagnostic methods. Three B. henselae strains were isolated—two from clinic cats and one from a blood donor. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) revealed the presence of sequence types ST1, ST2, and ST5. This study is the first to report Bartonella in cat blood donors in South America and the first identification of ST5 in this population. Additionally, ST2 was reported for the first time in cats from the Americas. These findings highlight the potential risk of zoonotic B. henselae transmission via blood transfusion and the limited reliability of serology alone for screening blood donor cats.

亨塞拉巴尔通体是一种重要的人畜共患病原体，家猫是主要的宿主。本研究调查了巴西中西部家猫（包括来自兽医诊所和献血者的猫）中亨selae b的发生和遗传多样性。采用血清学、微生物学和分子技术。血清样品采用间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）检测抗- b。母鸡IgG抗体。采用实时荧光定量PCR （qPCR）技术检测巴尔通体（Bartonella Alpha Proteobacteria Growth Medium， BAPGM）的16-23S rRNA基因间隔区。在60.75 %的猫中检测到抗体，而在兽医诊所和献血者的猫中分别检测到32% %和46% %的巴尔通体DNA。在BAPGM富集后，78.2% 先前阴性的样品通过qPCR检测为阳性。25.3 %的猫血清和qPCR同时呈阳性。所有诊断方法均未发现阳性样本。分离出三株B. henselae菌株——两株来自门诊猫，一株来自献血者。多位点序列分型（MLST）显示存在ST1、ST2和ST5序列类型。本研究首次报道了南美洲猫献血者中巴尔通体的存在，并首次在该人群中发现了ST5。此外，首次在美洲的猫中报告了ST2。这些发现强调了通过输血传播人畜共患病亨selae的潜在风险，以及单独使用血清学筛查献血猫的有限可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Multivariable analysis of highly pathogenic H5N1 and H5Nx avian influenza in wild birds and poultry in Asian subregions 亚洲次区域野生鸟类和家禽高致病性H5N1和H5Nx禽流感的多变量分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102387

Hammed Olawale Fatoyinbo, Parul Tiwari, Ryan H.L. Ip, Victor Miranda

The spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in wild birds, poultry, and other livestock worldwide has caused great concerns, especially in Asia, where the migration routes of many wild birds intersect with poultry farms. This often leads to interactions between wild and domestic birds during seasonal migration. These interactions influence the emergence and re-emergence of subclades and serotypes of avian influenza in Asia countries that are endemic to the disease. Using outbreak data from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), we examine the geographical distribution of confirmed HPAI H5 cases in wild birds and poultry across Asia between January 2004 and August 2024. H5N1 is the most prevalent serotype among all HPAI H5 serotypes reported, followed by H5N8. The temporal analysis reveals three waves of outbreaks across Asian regions: an initial peak in 2004–2005, a second wave around 2009–2011, and a third, more recent wave, from 2017 to 2023. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to assess the geographical, seasonal and yearly patterns of confirmed HPAI H5 cases among different categories of birds. The results indicate that these factors significantly influence the prevalence of HPAI H5, with a higher risk of H5N1 in Southeast Asia and H5N8 in East Asia, particularly during the winter and in poultry, as compared to wild birds. Our findings highlight the need for targeted surveillance, risk-based management, and coordinated interventions to mitigate the spread of HPAI H5 in high-risk areas. This study provides valuable insights that could be used to improve biosecurity measures and inform policies for the effective control and prevention of HPAI outbreaks in Asia.

高致病性禽流感（HPAI）病毒在全世界野生鸟类、家禽和其他牲畜中的传播引起了极大关注，特别是在许多野生鸟类的迁徙路线与家禽养殖场相交的亚洲。这经常导致野生鸟类和家禽在季节性迁徙期间相互作用。这些相互作用影响禽流感亚分支和血清型在亚洲流行的国家的出现和再出现。利用粮农组织（FAO）的疫情数据，我们研究了2004年1月至2024年8月期间亚洲野生鸟类和家禽中HPAI H5确诊病例的地理分布。H5N1是报告的所有HPAI H5血清型中最普遍的血清型，其次是H5N8。时间分析显示，亚洲地区爆发了三波疫情：2004-2005年的最初高峰，2009-2011年左右的第二波，以及最近的2017年至2023年的第三波。采用多变量泊松回归模型评估不同类别鸟类中HPAI H5确诊病例的地理、季节和年分布规律。结果表明，这些因素显著影响高致病性禽流感H5的流行，与野生鸟类相比，东南亚的H5N1和东亚的H5N8风险更高，特别是在冬季和家禽中。我们的研究结果强调需要有针对性的监测、基于风险的管理和协调的干预措施，以减轻高致病性禽流感H5在高风险地区的传播。该研究提供了有价值的见解，可用于改进生物安全措施，并为有效控制和预防亚洲高致病性禽流感疫情的政策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to canine visceral leishmaniasis: Relationship with clinical score, parasite load and serum cytokines 犬内脏利什曼病继发的噬血细胞综合征：与临床评分、寄生虫载量和血清细胞因子的关系

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102397

Alejandra Núñez , Maria Sabrina de Freitas , Maria Natália de Freitas , Thaiza Fernanda da Silva , Raul Dias Bispo e Silva , Arlyson Sousa Ferreira , Maria do Carmo Aragão , Saulo Pereira Cardoso , José Nilton da Cruz , Luciano Nakazato , Arleana do Bom Parto Ferreira de Almeida , Danny Laura Gomes Fagundes Triches , Valéria Régia Franco Sousa

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease which is among the six most important endemic diseases in the world. In Brazil, one of the countries with the highest number of cases, it is caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum. In humans, VL may be associated with a rare and high-mortality syndrome known as Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Syndrome (HLH). This syndrome, not yet described in dogs, is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory reaction, uncontrolled and dysfunctional activation of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer (NK) cells. This study aimed to analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics related to the occurrence of HLH and correlate them with the clinical score, parasite load and serum cytokines in dogs with VL. Of the 55 dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), eight dogs (14.55 %) presented five criteria of the HLH. The clinical score demonstrated a weak indirect association with hemoglobin, the parasite load had a weak indirect relationship with ferritin, and a weak direct relationship with triglycerides. The cytokines IL-6 and IL-2 had an indirect relationship with bleeding time and neutrophils, respectively. These results demonstrated the occurrence of five clinical characteristics of HLH, indicating that this rare and highly fatal syndrome occurs in CVL and is correlated with a worse clinical score.

内脏利什曼病（VL）是一种媒介传播疾病，是世界六大最重要的地方病之一。巴西是病例数量最多的国家之一，该病是由原生动物幼利什曼原虫引起的。在人类中，VL可能与一种罕见的高死亡率综合征——噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增多综合征（HLH）有关。这种综合征尚未在狗身上发现，其特征是炎症反应过度，T淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的激活失控和功能失调。本研究旨在分析与HLH发生相关的临床和实验室特征，并将其与VL犬的临床评分、寄生虫载量和血清细胞因子进行相关性分析。55只犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）中，8只犬（14.55 %）出现5项HLH标准。临床评分显示与血红蛋白有微弱的间接关系，寄生虫负荷与铁蛋白有微弱的间接关系，与甘油三酯有微弱的直接关系。细胞因子IL-6和IL-2分别与出血时间和中性粒细胞有间接关系。这些结果证明了HLH的五个临床特征，表明这种罕见且高度致命的综合征发生在CVL中，并且与较差的临床评分相关。

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引用次数: 0

Patterns of antibiotic resistance in Southeastern US raptors before and after rehabilitation. 美国东南部猛禽康复前后的抗生素耐药性模式。

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102388

Leigha M Stahl, Stephanie Kadletz, Julie B Olson

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing issue that affects human and animal health. Birds can serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria, which combined with their ability to fly, increases the risk of disseminating resistant bacteria. To assess antibiotic resistance patterns, bacteria were isolated from fecal samples collected from raptors, defined as birds of prey, admitted to a raptor rehabilitation center. A total of 389 isolates from the Enterobacteriaceae family were recovered from 61 raptors, and each isolate was subjected to phenotypic susceptibility tests for nine antibiotics. Resistant phenotypes were recorded, and the highest levels were observed when isolates were exposed to tetracycline (71/389 isolates; 18.3 %), ampicillin (35/389 isolates; 9.0 %), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (21/389 isolates; 5.4 %), and trimethoprim (19/389 isolates; 4.9 %) via the disk diffusion method. Of the resistant isolates, 31.6 % displayed resistance to two or more antibiotics within the same isolate and 6.3 % displayed multidrug resistance; the greatest amount of multidrug resistance was observed in Escherichia coli and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates, some due to intrinsic resistance for En. hormaechei. Birds slated for release maintained similar antibiotic resistance profiles compared to intake. Conversely, non-releasable birds harbored different types of antibiotic resistance. Based on logistic regression for 374 isolates and a subset of isolates collected from the same bird at different timepoints, our study indicates that time influences phenotypic antibiotic resistance during rehabilitation. Antibiotic use, variety of food items, and bird health outcome also influence antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that this is a complex but relevant topic for study.

抗生素耐药性是影响人类和动物健康的一个日益严重的问题。鸟类可以作为耐抗生素细菌的宿主，再加上它们的飞行能力，增加了传播耐药细菌的风险。为了评估抗生素耐药性模式，从猛禽（定义为猛禽）的粪便样本中分离出细菌，猛禽被送入猛禽康复中心。从61只猛禽中分离得到389株肠杆菌科细菌，并对每一株进行了9种抗生素的表型敏感性试验。记录了耐药表型，当分离株暴露于四环素时观察到最高水平(71/389分离株；18.3 %)，氨苄西林(35/389株；9.0 %)，甲氧苄啶-磺胺甲恶唑(21/389株；5.4 %)和甲氧苄啶(19/389株；4.9 %)通过磁盘扩散法。在耐药菌株中，31.6% %对同一菌株内的两种或两种以上抗生素耐药，6.3% %为多药耐药；大肠杆菌和贺氏肠杆菌的多药耐药程度最高，部分原因是对En的固有耐药。hormaechei。与摄入的鸟类相比，被释放的鸟类保持着相似的抗生素耐药性。相反，不能释放的鸟类则有不同类型的抗生素耐药性。基于在不同时间点采集的374株分离株和一小部分分离株的逻辑回归，我们的研究表明，时间影响康复期间的表型抗生素耐药性。抗生素使用、食物种类和鸟类健康结果也会影响抗生素耐药性模式，这表明这是一个复杂但相关的研究课题。

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引用次数: 0

Stray animals and antimicrobial resistance: A sentinel warning for one health preparedness 流浪动物和抗菌素耐药性：一个卫生准备的哨兵警告

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102386

Nathkapach Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon, Natnapa Heebkaew Padchasuwan, Nav La, Schawanya Kaewpitoon Rattanapitoon

The recent study by Nocera et al. sheds light on the role of stray dogs and cats as potential reservoirs for multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in urban environments, particularly focusing on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus felis. This Letter critically appraises the methodological strengths and public health implications of their findings, while comparing them with existing literature. We highlight the significance of their resistance profiling approach, the emerging zoonotic potential of coagulase-negative staphylococci, and the environmental interface of stray animals with AMR dissemination. Furthermore, we propose integrative One Health strategies and future research directions that can leverage stray animals as environmental sentinels for early AMR detection. These perspectives underline the urgent need for expanding surveillance beyond clinical and companion animals into urban, free-roaming populations.

Nocera等人最近的研究揭示了流浪狗和猫在城市环境中作为耐多药（MDR）细菌潜在宿主的作用，特别是对假中间葡萄球菌和猫葡萄球菌的研究。这封信批判性地评估了他们的研究结果的方法优势和公共卫生影响，同时将它们与现有文献进行了比较。我们强调了他们的耐药性分析方法的重要性，凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的人畜共患潜力，以及流浪动物与AMR传播的环境界面。此外，我们提出了整合的“同一个健康”策略和未来的研究方向，可以利用流浪动物作为早期抗菌素耐药性检测的环境哨兵。这些观点强调，迫切需要将监测范围从临床和伴侣动物扩大到城市、自由漫游的人群。

引用次数: 0

Molecular epidemiology of feline calicivirus (FCV) and felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1) in cats with clinical signs and clinically healthy cats 猫杯状病毒（FCV）和猫甲疱疹病毒1型（FeAHV-1）在临床症状猫和临床健康猫中的分子流行病学研究

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102383

Gulizar Acar , Seval Bilge-Dagalp , Tarik Fedai , Mehmet Ozkan Timurkan , Hakan Aydin

Feline Calicivirus (FCV) and Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV-1), commonly detected in cats, are significant viral pathogens causing upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) and various clinical signs. Co-infection with both viruses is common and a major problem in feline health worldwide. This study investigated the presence and prevalence of both FCV and FeAHV-1 in suspected cats with either clinically healthy or clinical signs in relation to various parameters related to the sampled animals. A total of 331 diagnostic samples (conjunctival, nasal, and oropharyngeal swabs, and EDTA blood samples) were collected from 107 cats and examined using PCR. FCV nucleic acid was detected in cats 33.64 % (36/107), while FeAHV-1 nucleic acid was found 64.48 % (69/107). Of the cats with clinical signs (n = 31), 48.38 % (15/31) and 74.19 % (23/31) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively, while 27.63 % (21/76) and 60.52 % (46/76) of the clinically healthy cats (n = 76) were positive for FCV and FeAHV-1, respectively. The overall positivity rates for FCV and FeAHV-1 were 90.32 % (28/31) in cats with clinical signs and 72.36 % (55/76) in clinically healthy cats, respectively. Additionally, 20.33 % (12/59) of vaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 64.40 % (38/59) for FeAHV-1, whereas 48.88 % (22/45) of unvaccinated cats were positive for FCV and 66.67 % (30/45) for FeAHV-1. The results indicate that both infections are prevalent among clinical and/or clinically healthy, vaccinated/unvaccinated cats. This indicates that clinically healthy cats may play a significant role in the epidemiology of these infections, and that vaccination may not provide complete protection against FCV and FeAHV-1 infection.

猫Calicivirus （FCV）和Felid Alphaherpesvirus 1 （FeAHV-1）是一种常见的病毒性病原体，可引起上呼吸道疾病（URTD）和各种临床症状。同时感染这两种病毒是很常见的，也是全世界猫科动物健康的一个主要问题。本研究调查了与样本动物相关的各种参数相关的临床健康或临床症状的疑似猫中FCV和FeAHV-1的存在和流行情况。从107只猫身上收集了331份诊断样本（结膜、鼻腔和口咽拭子以及EDTA血液样本），并使用PCR进行了检测。猫中检出FCV核酸33.64 % (36/107)，FeAHV-1核酸64.48 %（69/107）。在有临床症状的猫（n = 31）中，FCV和FeAHV-1的阳性率分别为48.38 %（15/31）和74.19 %(23/31)，而临床健康猫（n = 76）中FCV和FeAHV-1的阳性率分别为27.63 %（21/76）和60.52 %（46/76）。临床症状猫的FCV和FeAHV-1总阳性率分别为90.32 %（28/31）和72.36 %（55/76）。此外，20.33% %（12/59）的接种猫FCV和64.40% %（38/59）的FeAHV-1呈阳性，而48.88% %（22/45）的未接种猫FCV和66.67% %（30/45）的FeAHV-1呈阳性。结果表明，这两种感染在临床和/或临床健康、接种疫苗/未接种疫苗的猫中普遍存在。这表明，临床健康的猫可能在这些感染的流行病学中发挥重要作用，接种疫苗可能不能完全预防FCV和FeAHV-1感染。

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引用次数: 0

Modeling the effects of contaminated environments on the transmission dynamics of avian influenza in humans and domestic birds 模拟受污染环境对禽流感在人类和家禽中的传播动力学的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102370

Serapia Soka , Maranya Mayengo , Moatlhodi Kgosimore

Avian influenza is a viral infection that affects birds and can spread to humans and other animals, causing severe illness and high mortality in both populations. Migratory birds are the primary transmitters of the virus, shedding it into the environment. This study investigates the effects of contaminated environments in the transmission dynamics of avian influenza. We suggest a deterministic mathematical model to capture the interactions between humans, domestic birds, and contaminated environments. A model takes the form of a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The next-generation matrix technique calculates the basic reproduction number (

R_{0}

). The stability of both the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points is analyzed. When

R_{0} < 1

, the avian influenza free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, whereas when

R_{0} > 1

, the endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. The Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) methods are employed to assess the sensitivity of the model parameters. A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the effects of different model parameters associated with environmental contamination towards

R_{0}

. The results indicate that the transmission rates of avian influenza virus by humans and domestic birds are directly proportional to

R_{0}

.

禽流感是一种影响鸟类的病毒感染，可传播给人类和其他动物，在这两个种群中造成严重疾病和高死亡率。候鸟是病毒的主要传播者，将病毒传播到环境中。本研究探讨受污染环境对禽流感传播动力学的影响。我们提出了一个确定性的数学模型来捕捉人类、家禽和污染环境之间的相互作用。模型采用非线性常微分方程组的形式。下一代矩阵技术计算基本繁殖数（R0）。分析了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点的稳定性。当R0>；1时，无禽流感平衡是全局渐近稳定的，而当R0>；1时，地方性平衡是全局渐近稳定的。采用拉丁超立方抽样（LHS）和偏秩相关系数（PRCC）方法评估模型参数的敏感性。通过数值模拟研究了与环境污染有关的不同模型参数对R0的影响。结果表明，禽流感病毒在人类和家禽之间的传播率与R0成正比。

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引用次数: 0

Phylogeny analysis of Bartonella genus in hard tick samples associated to domestic animals in west of Iran 伊朗西部家畜硬蜱标本巴尔通体属的系统发育分析

IF 2 3区农林科学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY

Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2025.102369

Mina Khamooshian , Amin Jaydari , Nemat Shams , Peyman Khademi , Hassan Nayebzadeh

Bartonella, as emerging vector-borne pathogens infecting various domestic and wild mammals, pose a significant threat to public health due to their role as zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of the genus and species of Bartonella and to conduct a phylogenetic analysis of these organisms in ticks from five western provinces Hamedan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Ilam, and Kurdistan, in Iran. Ticks were also collected from dogs, sheep, and goats. A total of 978 ticks were collected and subsequently divided into pools of 10. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed using specific primers to screen for the presence of Bartonella species. Additionally, sequence analysis was conducted based on the rpoB, gltA, ftsZ, groEL, and ribC genes to identify the presence of Bartonella. Phylogentic analysis was also performed using MEGA 11 software. The overall prevalence of the genus and species of Bartonella based on the gltA gene in 98 pooled samples in the study areas was 5 (5.01 %) (with a 95 % CI: 2.20 %-11.39 %). It is noteworthy that negative results were observed only in Ilam and Hamadan provinces. The presence of Bartonella quintana, Bartonella clarridageiae and Bartonella spp. was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis of the gltA, groEL, ftsZ, rpoB, and ribC genes, with a similarity of 96.96 %-100 %. In light of these findings, it can be posited that the genus and species of Bartonella, particularly B. quintana and B. clarridageiae are present in the ticks of western Iran.

巴尔通体作为感染各种家养和野生哺乳动物的新媒介传播病原体，由于其作为人畜共患病原体的作用，对公共卫生构成重大威胁。本研究的目的是确定巴尔通体属和种的流行情况，并对这些生物在伊朗西部5个省（Hamedan、Kermanshah、Lorestan、Ilam和Kurdistan）的蜱中进行系统发育分析。蜱虫也从狗、绵羊和山羊身上收集到。总共收集了978只蜱虫，随后分成10个池。采用特异性引物进行聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测巴尔通体的存在。此外，基于rpoB、gltA、ftsZ、groEL和ribC基因进行序列分析，确定巴尔通体的存在。并用MEGA 11软件进行系统发育分析。基于gltA基因的巴尔通体在98份样本中总体流行率为5(5.01 %)（95% % CI: 2.20 % ~ 11.39 %）。值得注意的是，只有在伊拉姆省和哈马丹省出现了消极的结果。通过gltA、groEL、ftsZ、rpoB和ribC基因的系统发育分析，证实了金塔巴尔通体、克拉氏巴尔通体和巴尔通体属的存在，相似度为96.96 %-100 %。根据这些发现，可以推测巴尔通体属和种，特别是B. quintana和B. clarridageiae存在于伊朗西部的蜱虫中。

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