Diversity and Distributions最新文献_第8页

Improving the Accuracy of Predicted Potential Distributions and Enhancing the Effectiveness of Priority Conservation Areas for Protected Species by Expanding the Target Area 扩大目标区域，提高潜在分布预测的准确性，增强优先保护区的有效性

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70087

Jin Ye, Feiling Yang, Jinming Hu, Hengying Wang, Jihong Xu, Zhongxing Yang, Feng Liu, Jian Zhou, Jing Gong, Bing Han, Xuexin Yang, Ruidong Wu

Aim

Subjective study area delineation in conservation planning often overlooks species occurrences integrality, truncating the ecological niches. Incorporating occurrences from expanded areas into species distribution prediction within the study area provides an innovative approach to mitigate negative impacts, but the conservation effectiveness of this approach requires further clarification.

Location

We selected the Southeast Himalaya Biodiversity Priority Conservation Area and the Himalayas biogeographic region as the target and expanded areas, respectively.

Methods

We set three scenarios by extracting species occurrences from the target area, expanded area, and both areas (scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Using MaxEnt for predicting the potential distributions of species (SPDs) and Zonation for identifying priority conservation areas (PCAs) across the three scenarios, we evaluated the SPD prediction accuracy, conservation effectiveness, and ecological representativeness.

Results

Incorporating data from the expanded area in scenarios 2 and 3 improved the prediction accuracy and covered a wider SPD range than scenario 1. High-richness areas and PCAs in scenarios 2 and 3 were identified in the Kangrigebu South Wing Mountains, Salween and Lancangjiang Incisive Mountains, and southern Brahmaputra Great Turn and Upper Salween Incisive Mountains. These PCAs improved the coverage of the SPD areas (77.74%–82.20%) and priority forest and wetland ecosystems (11.86%–12.84%). In contrast, the PCAs in scenario 1 had a relatively larger distribution in the Himalayas Central Mountains, covering a higher proportion of their own SPD areas (83.75%) and priority steppe ecosystem (31.55%). Overall, scenarios 2 and 3 demonstrated greater conservation effectiveness and ecological representativeness, with minimal differences between them, and both outperformed scenario 1.

Main Conclusions

Our study proposed an innovative approach that expanded the study area to biogeographic regions and supplemented species occurrences from these expanded areas, thereby improving the prediction accuracy of SPDs and conservation effectiveness, while providing an easily implementable and generalizable framework in data deficient areas.

目的在自然保护规划中，主观划定研究区往往忽视物种分布的完整性，截断生态位。将扩大区域的发生情况纳入研究区域内的物种分布预测提供了一种减轻负面影响的创新方法，但这种方法的保护效果需要进一步澄清。我们选择了喜马拉雅东南部生物多样性优先保护区和喜马拉雅生物地理区域作为目标区和扩展区。方法分别从目标区、扩展区和两区提取物种发生情况，设置3种情景（情景1、情景2和情景3）。利用MaxEnt预测三种情景下物种的潜在分布和优先保护区的区划，对SPD的预测精度、保护效果和生态代表性进行了评价。结果与情景1相比，情景2和情景3中扩展区域的数据提高了预测精度，覆盖的SPD范围更广。2、3情景下的高丰饶区和高丰饶区分别位于康日格布南翼山脉、萨尔温江和澜沧江陡坡山脉、雅鲁藏布江大转弯处南部和萨尔温江陡坡上。这些措施提高了森林保护地的覆盖率（77.74% ~ 82.20%）和重点森林湿地生态系统的覆盖率（11.86% ~ 12.84%）。相比之下，情景1中pca在喜马拉雅中部地区的分布相对较大，占自身SPD区域的比例较高（83.75%），优先草原生态系统占31.55%。总体而言，情景2和情景3表现出更大的保护效果和生态代表性，两者之间的差异很小，两者都优于情景1。本研究提出了一种创新的方法，将研究范围扩大到生物地理区域，并补充这些扩展区域的物种发生情况，从而提高了SPDs的预测精度和保护效果，同时为数据不足地区提供了一个易于实施和推广的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Direct Integration of Population Genetics and Dynamic Species Distribution Modelling Improves Predictions of Post-Glacial History of Piper nigrum 种群遗传学和动态物种分布模型的直接整合改进了对黑胡椒冰期后历史的预测

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70070

Sandeep Sen, Michael Peter Nobis, Rani M.S. Saggere, Srirama Ramanujam, Thomson Davis, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, G. Ravikanth, Yoshiaki Tsuda

Aim

Climate change has a strong impact on species ranges and the genetic structure of populations, yet conclusions are often subject to large uncertainties when both are analysed independently. Here, we develop a novel framework to directly integrate population genetics and dynamic species distribution modelling to reduce such uncertainties when reconstructing the post-glacial history of black pepper.

Location

Western Ghats, India.

Methods

Genetic data of 243 individuals from 14 populations of wild Piper nigrum were derived from six chloroplast and five nuclear DNA simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Dynamic species distribution models (DSDMs) were applied since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21,000 years BP) based on paleo-climatic suitability at a high resolution (1 km, 100 years) and evaluated for a wide range of estimated migration rates and climate niches of the species. Population genetics and DSDMs were finally combined in a genetically informed DSDM, in which the estimated model parameters were optimised by maximising the correlation between the genetic diversity of the populations and their simulated colonisation history since the LGM.

Results

We observed higher gene diversity, haplotype richness, and allelic richness at lower latitudes, and two major phylogeographic groups belonging to the southern and central Western Ghats. Demographic inference from chloroplast SSRs estimated the split of these groups around the LGM. DSDMs showed a high uncertainty in parameter estimates, which were clearly reduced for the genetically informed DSDM. With this model, the correlation between genetic diversity and colonisation time was stronger than the correlation with latitude, and the simulation showed a northward expansion from low-latitude refugia and a recent fragmentation of the species range.

Main Conclusions

Our integrative approach reduces uncertainty in DSDMs and facilitates the interpretation of the population genetic structure. This added value is not given when population genetics and species distribution modelling are applied independently and merely compared.

气候变化对物种范围和种群遗传结构有强烈的影响，然而当两者独立分析时，结论往往受到很大的不确定性。在此，我们开发了一个新的框架来直接整合群体遗传学和动态物种分布模型，以减少重建黑胡椒冰川后历史时的不确定性。地点：印度西高止山脉。方法利用6个叶绿体和5个细胞核DNA简单序列重复序列（SSRs）对野生胡椒14个居群243个个体进行遗传分析。基于高分辨率（1 km， 100年）的古气候适宜性，应用末次冰期极大期（LGM, 21000 BP）以来的动态物种分布模型（DSDMs），对物种的大范围迁移速率和气候生态位进行了评估。最后，将种群遗传学和DSDM结合在一个遗传知情的DSDM中，其中通过最大化种群遗传多样性与其自LGM以来模拟的殖民化历史之间的相关性来优化估计的模型参数。结果高止山脉的基因多样性、单倍型丰富度和等位基因丰富度在低纬度地区较高，主要分布在高止山脉的南部和中部。根据叶绿体SSRs的人口统计学推断，这些群体在LGM周围分裂。DSDM在参数估计方面显示出很高的不确定性，对于遗传知情的DSDM，这种不确定性明显降低。根据该模型，遗传多样性与殖民时间的相关性强于与纬度的相关性，并且模拟显示了从低纬度避难所向北扩展和物种范围最近的碎片化。我们的综合方法减少了DSDMs的不确定性，有助于解释群体遗传结构。当单独应用群体遗传学和物种分布模型并仅仅进行比较时，这种附加价值是不存在的。

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引用次数: 0

A Dual Role of Common Mammals as Dispersers of Plants and Micro-Invertebrates Across Isolated Wetlands 普通哺乳动物在孤立湿地中作为植物和微型无脊椎动物传播者的双重作用

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70088

Maxi Tomowski, Katrin Kiemel, Tina Birnbach, Victor Parry, Michael Ristow, Manuel Roeleke, Ralph Tiedemann, Guntram Weithoff, Florian Jeltsch

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Dispersal strategies are vital for sessile or passively moving organisms, profoundly influencing the distribution and survival of plant and small-sized animal species. The role of large mammals in dispersal and habitat (re)colonisation is well recognised, yet their full contribution across propagule taxa, various dispersers and dispersal modes remains unclear. We assessed the role of common wild mammals in dispersing (semi-aquatic) plants and micro-invertebrates among isolated wetlands, identifying the most effective dispersal agent(s) within a natural assemblage.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Northeast Germany.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>In a system of small semi-natural wetlands within an intensive agricultural landscape, we combined non-invasive faecal sampling with opportunistic fur collection from managed and trapped mammals, cultivating plants and micro-invertebrates from these samples to explore dispersal-network structures, quantify taxon richness and propagule abundances, and comparedisperser effectiveness.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We found distinct network topologies for (semi-aquatic) plants and micro-invertebrates, indicating differential contributions and complementary roles of disperser groups and dispersal modes. Roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>), wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and raccoons (<i>Procyon lotor</i>) were key dispersers, highlighting the broad role of generalist mammals in wetland propagule dispersal. In micro-invertebrates, endozoochorous communities were nested within more diverse epizoochorous communities, with both raccoons and wild boar transporting more diverse taxa through epizoochory. No quantitative differences in endozoochorous dispersal emerged among dispersers. Transported plant communities were dominated by taxa lacking predefined zoochorous syndromes, challenging assumptions about trait-based dispersal constraints.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>The broad spectrum of wild mammals identified as dispersers, supported by quantitative means, offers significant potential for facilitating efficient dispersal of both plants and micro-invertebrates, consistent with the concept of ‘non-classical zoochory’. Dispersal by abundant and managed mammals is crucial for ecosystem connectivity and resilience. Altered disperser communities due to population control or habitat changes may affect (re)colonisation

目的扩散策略对无根或被动移动的生物至关重要，深刻影响着植物和小型动物物种的分布和生存。大型哺乳动物在扩散和栖息地（再）定殖中的作用已得到充分认识，但它们在繁殖类群、各种分散者和扩散模式中的全部贡献仍不清楚。我们评估了普通野生哺乳动物在孤立湿地中分散（半水生）植物和微型无脊椎动物的作用，确定了自然组合中最有效的分散剂。位置：德国东北部。方法在集约化农业景观中的小型半自然湿地系统中，我们将非侵入性粪便采样与管理和捕获的哺乳动物的机会性皮毛采集相结合，从这些样本中培养植物和微型无脊椎动物，以探索分散网络结构，量化分类群丰富度和繁殖体丰度，并比较分散器的有效性。结果发现（半水生）植物和微型无脊椎动物的网络拓扑结构不同，这表明了传播者群体和传播模式的不同贡献和互补作用。鹿（Capreolus Capreolus）、野猪（Sus scrofa）和浣熊（Procyon lotor）是主要的传播者，突出了通才哺乳动物在湿地传播体传播中的广泛作用。在微型无脊椎动物中，内窥镜群落在更多样化的内窥镜群落中筑巢，浣熊和野猪都通过内窥镜运输了更多样化的类群。在分散剂之间，内毒素扩散没有数量上的差异。迁移的植物群落主要由缺乏预定义的动物性综合征的类群组成，这挑战了基于性状的扩散约束的假设。广泛的野生哺乳动物被确定为传播者，在定量手段的支持下，为促进植物和微型无脊椎动物的有效传播提供了巨大的潜力，符合“非经典动物学”的概念。数量丰富且受到管理的哺乳动物的扩散对生态系统的连通性和复原力至关重要。由于人口控制或栖息地变化而改变的散布者群落可能会影响（重新）殖民化和当地生物多样性，这突出表明需要采取策略来保护整个景观的传播功能。

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引用次数: 0

Combining eDNA and Visual Surveys Improves Detection of Reef Fishes Across Their Biogeographic Ranges 结合eDNA和视觉调查提高了对珊瑚礁鱼类生物地理范围的检测

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70089

Chloe Hayes, Ayşe Haruka Oshima Açıkbaş, Angus Mitchell, David J. Booth, Timothy Ravasi, Ivan Nagelkerken

Aim

Rapid shifts in marine species distributions driven by ocean warming require more effective monitoring across entire ranges to detect emerging ecological change. Traditionally, visual surveys have been used to track these distributional shifts, but they often overlook small-bodied, rare or cryptic species, potentially underestimating range changes. Environmental DNA (eDNA) bypasses these limitations, yet its effectiveness in detecting species near their range limits remains understudied.

Location

Eastern Australia.

Methods

We combined eDNA metabarcoding and visual surveys to assess reef fish communities across nine sites spanning a 2000-km latitudinal gradient within a global warming hotspot encapsulating tropical, subtropical and temperate reefs. Variation in detectability across methods and biogeographic ranges was also assessed at the level of functional traits (trophic guild, thermal guild and water column position).

Results

eDNA and visual surveys revealed different fish species compositions, potentially underestimating the extent of fish biogeographic ranges. eDNA detected 44 more unique tropical species than visual surveys across their range, and was more effective at detecting tropical carnivores, omnivores, invertivores, planktivores, detritivores and all water column positions. In contrast, visual surveys were more effective at detecting temperate carnivores, invertivores and benthic species. For tropical fishes at their cold range edge in temperate ecosystems, eDNA identified 12 unique species, including herbivores and cryptic species not previously recorded by long-term visual surveys. Contrastingly, eDNA detected 20 fewer temperate species than visual surveys across their biogeographic range and was less effective (five unique species) than visual surveys (nine unique species) at detecting temperate species at their warm trailing range in subtropical ecosystems.

Conclusions

Combining eDNA and visual surveys improves the detection of reef fishes near the limits of their known distributions. This approach helps reveal overlooked species, particularly those that are cryptic, rare or low in abundance, and supports more accurate assessments of species distributions across biogeographic gradients.

目的海洋变暖导致海洋物种分布的快速变化，需要对整个范围进行更有效的监测，以发现正在出现的生态变化。传统上，视觉调查被用来追踪这些分布变化，但他们经常忽略小体，稀有或隐蔽的物种，潜在地低估了范围变化。环境DNA （eDNA）绕过了这些限制，但其在检测接近其范围限制的物种方面的有效性仍未得到充分研究。地点：澳大利亚东部。方法结合eDNA元条形码和视觉调查，对全球变暖热点地区包括热带、亚热带和温带珊瑚礁在内的9个地点的珊瑚鱼群落进行了评估，这些地点跨越2000公里的纬度梯度。在功能性状（营养行会、热行会和水柱位置）水平上，还评估了不同方法和生物地理范围的可探测性差异。结果eDNA和目视调查显示了不同的鱼类种类组成，可能低估了鱼类的生物地理范围。与目测相比，eDNA检测到44种独特的热带物种，并且在检测热带食肉动物、杂食动物、无脊椎动物、浮游动物、腐食动物和所有水柱位置时更有效。相比之下，视觉调查在发现温带食肉动物、无脊椎动物和底栖动物物种时更有效。对于温带生态系统中处于寒冷边缘的热带鱼，eDNA鉴定出了12种独特的物种，包括食草动物和以前没有通过长期视觉调查记录的隐物种。相比之下，eDNA在其生物地理范围内发现的温带物种比目测少20种，在亚热带生态系统温暖尾随范围内发现温带物种的效果（5种独特物种）低于目测（9种独特物种）。结论结合eDNA和目视调查可以提高对已知分布极限附近的礁鱼的检测。这种方法有助于揭示被忽视的物种，特别是那些隐蔽的、稀有的或丰度低的物种，并支持更准确地评估物种在生物地理梯度中的分布。

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引用次数: 0

Improving Species Distribution Models for Stream Networks by Incorporating Spatial Autocorrelation in Multi-Sourced Datasets: A Range-Wide Assessment of Idaho Giant Salamander Status and Future Risk 利用多源数据集的空间自相关改进河流网络的物种分布模型：爱达荷大鲵现状和未来风险的范围评估

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70085

Daniel J. Isaak, Michael Dumelle, Dona L. Horan, Daniel H. Mason, Thomas W. Franklin, David E. Nagel, Jay M. Ver Hoef, Michael K. Young

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Fundamental to species conservation efforts is the development of accurate distribution models. Doing so is challenging for many stream organisms, where limited funding may necessitate the compilation of incidental observations from multiple sources which lack an overall sampling design and are often spatially clustered. We demonstrate the application of specialised spatial-stream-network models (SSNMs), which incorporate autocorrelation among observations and have the potential to improve species distribution models for many organisms.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Rocky Mountains in west-central North America.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We compiled a comprehensive presence-absence dataset for Idaho giant salamander (IGS; <i>Dicamptodon aterrimus</i>) from previous studies, natural resource agencies, museum collections and new surveys, and linked these data to geospatial habitat covariates. The dataset was modelled using a suite of candidate SSNMs, and results were compared to those from non-spatial generalised linear models (GLMs). The top-ranked models were used to predict range-wide IGS occurrence probabilities for scenarios that represented historical baselines and futures associated with two model covariates (water temperature and riparian tree canopy density) that are changing with environmental trends in the study area.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>The classification accuracy of salamander observations was higher with SSNMs than GLMs (90.8% vs. 63.2%) and the spatial models identified fewer significant habitat relationships, which simplified model interpretation. Baseline range estimates from the models were similar (13,090–14,114 stream km) and both predicted small range expansions (2.0%–24.8%) with future warming because many streams were sub-optimally cold for IGS. However, these expansions were partially offset in scenarios which included decreases in riparian canopy density.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>SSNMs significantly improved species distribution models on stream networks by incorporating spatial autocorrelation and provide an inexpensive means of developing new information from many existing datasets. This incentivises aggregation of datasets, which could be further leveraged to create efficient monitoring and inventory programs using the spatially explicit outputs from SSNMs.</p> </section>

目的建立准确的分布模型是物种保护工作的基础。这样做对许多溪流生物来说是具有挑战性的，在这些地方，有限的资金可能需要汇编来自多个来源的偶然观察结果，这些来源缺乏总体抽样设计，而且往往是空间聚集的。我们展示了专门的空间流网络模型（SSNMs）的应用，该模型结合了观测结果之间的自相关性，并有可能改善许多生物的物种分布模型。落基山脉位于北美中西部。方法从前人的研究、自然资源机构、博物馆收藏和新调查中收集爱达荷大鲵（IGS; Dicamptodon aterrimus）的存在-缺失数据，并将这些数据与地理空间栖息地协变量联系起来。使用一套候选ssnm对数据集进行建模，并将结果与非空间广义线性模型（GLMs）的结果进行比较。排名靠前的模型被用来预测与两个模型协变量（水温和河岸树冠密度）相关的历史基线和未来情景的IGS发生概率，这两个模型协变量随着研究区域的环境趋势而变化。结果SSNMs对蝾螈的分类精度高于GLMs (90.8% vs. 63.2%)，空间模型识别的显著生境关系较少，简化了模型解释。模型的基线范围估计相似（13,090-14,114溪流公里），并且都预测了未来变暖的小范围扩展（2.0%-24.8%），因为许多溪流对IGS来说是次优冷的。然而，在河岸冠层密度降低的情况下，这些扩张被部分抵消。SSNMs通过整合空间自相关性显著改善了物种分布模型，并提供了一种从众多现有数据集中开发新信息的廉价手段。这激励了数据集的聚合，可以进一步利用ssnm的空间明确输出来创建有效的监测和库存程序。

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引用次数: 0

Global Coastal Biogeographic Boundaries: Unveiling the Nature of Processes Shaping the Distribution of Marine Biodiversity 全球沿海生物地理边界：揭示塑造海洋生物多样性分布过程的本质

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70083

Everton Giachini Tosetto, Matthieu Lengaigne, Miodeli Nogueira Junior, Christophe Lett, Sigrid Neumann-Leitão, Arnaud Bertrand

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Identify biogeographic boundaries that delineate the distribution of species assemblages along global non-insular coastlines, characterise the potential barriers responsible for biogeographic boundaries and realign coastal biogeographic provinces.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Global.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Not applied.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Animalia.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>Global databases of marine animals were used to define biogeographic boundaries as regions that concentrate species range limits. To mitigate sampling bias inherent in uneven presence records in biodiversity databases, we applied a resampling methodology. We used the identified dispersal barriers to divide the study area into ecoregions in order to realign coastal biogeographic provinces. These ecoregions were then clustered into biogeographic provinces based on the similarity of their biodiversity.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>We identified 24 biogeographic boundaries along the coastlines of the Americas and 27 along Afro-Eurasia. The 52 ecoregions delimited by the biogeographic boundaries were classified into 23 biogeographic provinces. In most cases, the proportion of exclusive species within each province was higher than 25%. When comparing the proportion of exclusive species to the previous classifications of biogeographic provinces, a higher proportion was found. Of the 21 boundaries of the new biogeographic provinces, nine are aligned with and six are close to previous boundaries between the biogeographic provinces or realms defined in previous studies. Our analysis revealed the presence of 6 additional subdivisions and significant realignments within the marine biogeographic provinces.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>The objective data-driven approach was effective to identify biogeographic boundaries and realign biogeographic provinces. Most boundaries were associated with strong thermohaline gradients, which typically occur along water-mass fronts due to converging currents, upwelling or river discharge. Such processes, in conjunction with geomorphology and circulation patterns, interact to restri

目的确定全球非岛屿海岸线上物种分布的生物地理边界，描述生物地理边界的潜在障碍，并重新调整沿海生物地理省。位置全球。时间段不适用。研究动物的主要分类群。方法利用全球海洋动物数据库，将生物地理边界定义为物种分布范围集中的区域。为了减轻生物多样性数据库中不均匀存在记录所固有的采样偏差，我们采用了重采样方法。为了重新调整沿海生物地理省，我们利用确定的扩散屏障将研究区划分为生态区。然后根据生物多样性的相似性将这些生态区聚类为生物地理省。结果沿美洲海岸线确定了24个生物地理界线，沿非洲-欧亚大陆确定了27个生物地理界线。按生物地理界线划分的52个生态区可划分为23个生物地理省。在大多数情况下，各省特有种的比例都在25%以上。与以往生物地理省的分类相比，特有种的比例更高。在21个新生物地理省域边界中，9个与前人研究确定的生物地理省域边界一致，6个与前人研究确定的生物地理省域边界接近。分析结果表明，在海洋生物地理省域中存在6个额外的细分和显著的重新调整。结论客观数据驱动方法是确定生物地理边界和调整生物地理省域的有效方法。大多数边界与强温盐梯度有关，这种梯度通常发生在水团前沿，由于汇聚流、上升流或河流排放。这些过程与地貌和环流模式一起，通过限制移动和根据生态位过滤物种，相互作用，限制海洋生物的扩散。

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引用次数: 0

Range Shift and Climatic Refugia for Alpine Lichens Under Climate Change 气候变化下高山地衣的范围转移与气候避难

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70079

Luana Francesconi, Michele Di Musciano, Matteo Conti, Luca Di Nuzzo, Gabriele Gheza, Martin Grube, Helmut Mayrhofer, Stefano Martellos, Pier Luigi Nimis, Chiara Pistocchi, Chiara Vallese, Juri Nascimbene

Aim

The mountain biodiversity is highly threatened by climate change, with many species facing habitat reduction and/or local extinction. Poikilohydric organisms like lichens are extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and changes. A comprehensive overview of the impact of climate change on the future distribution of lichens is still missing. Thus, we quantified the range shift, loss in suitable areas and potential climatic refugia for more than 250 lichens, exploring these trends for each species and grouping them by their ecological needs and functional traits.

Location

Alps chain and surrounding areas (Europe).

Methods

We performed species distribution models to investigate the range shifts of 272 lichens under different climate change scenarios. Range shift was investigated by modelling gain and loss in suitability score along the elevational gradient, for each species separately and grouping them based on growth forms and temperature-affinities. Based on the ‘high suitability score stability’ index we developed maps of potential refuge areas.

Results

We predicted a huge loss of habitat suitability over time, especially under the SSP5-5.8. Fruticose lichens and cryophilous species will be the most impacted. Moreover, contrary to the assumption of an upward range shift, most species showed no significant relationship between altitude and increase in habitat suitability, suggesting different redistribution patterns for lichens. In the same way, climatic refugia are not only identified at high elevations but also in deep valleys and cold exposure.

Main Conclusions

The response of lichens to climate change is extremely heterogeneous, and an upper-range shift is less common than expected. Spatial redistribution is highly distinct among functional groups. The identified climatic refugia confirm this pattern, underlining the urgent need to improve the conservation effort, especially for fruticose and cryophilic species.

山区生物多样性受到气候变化的严重威胁，许多物种面临栖息地减少和/或局部灭绝。像地衣这样的千水生物对环境条件和变化极其敏感。关于气候变化对地衣未来分布影响的全面概述仍然缺乏。因此，我们量化了250多种地衣的范围转移、适宜地区的损失和潜在的气候避难所，探讨了每种地衣的这些趋势，并根据它们的生态需求和功能特征进行了分类。定位阿尔卑斯山脉及周边地区（欧洲）。方法建立物种分布模型，研究不同气候变化情景下272种地衣的分布范围变化。通过沿海拔梯度分别模拟适宜性评分的增益和损失，并根据生长形式和温度亲和性对每个物种进行分组，研究了范围转移。基于“高适宜性评分稳定性”指数，我们绘制了潜在避难区域的地图。结果随着时间的推移，生境适宜性将大幅下降，尤其是在SSP5-5.8的情况下。受影响最大的将是果地衣和低温植物。此外，与海拔上升的假设相反，大多数地衣物种在海拔高度和生境适宜性的增加之间没有显著的关系，这表明地衣的再分配模式不同。同样，气候避难所不仅存在于高海拔地区，也存在于深谷和寒冷环境中。地衣对气候变化的响应具有很强的异质性，上极差的变化并不常见。空间再分布在功能群之间具有高度的差异性。已确定的气候避难所证实了这一模式，强调了迫切需要加强保护工作，特别是对水果和低温物种。

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引用次数: 0

Designing Conservation Networks to Ensure Connectivity in a Changing Climate: Application to Spanish Forests 设计保护网络以确保气候变化中的连通性：在西班牙森林中的应用

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70068

Teresa Goicolea, María José Aroca-Fernández, Juan Ignacio García Viñas, Santiago Saura, Sergio González-Ávila, Rubén G. Mateo, Aitor Gastón

<div> <section> <h3> Aim</h3> <p>Assess the potential effects of climate change on different forest habitats; and outline a climate-wise conservation network to sustain forest connectivity under current and future climates.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Location</h3> <p>Mainland Spain.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Time Period</h3> <p>Current and future (2071–2100).</p> </section> <section> <h3> Major Taxa Studied</h3> <p>Forest species associated with different vegetation types and dispersal abilities.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Methods</h3> <p>We fitted a Random Forest model to predict the distribution of six vegetation types under current and four future climate scenarios. We then assessed forest availability and connectivity for each climate scenario and vegetation type. To define the conservation network, we identified the key habitat patches and corridors for dynamic connectivity using multi-temporal habitat availability indices. Finally, we analysed how much of the conservation network is expected to change due to climate shifts and how it aligns with existing protected areas.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Results</h3> <p>Forests across all vegetation types exhibited substantial northward and upward shifts. Forests adapted to cold or wet conditions (e.g., deciduous, mountain conifers and high-mountain vegetation) declined in area and connectivity. Warm- and dry-adapted forests (e.g., sclerophyllous, subsclerophyllous and hyperxerophilous vegetation) increased their ranges and/or connectivity. Rates of change in forest area and connectivity were similar within each vegetation type, except for subsclerophyllous vegetation, which lost forest area but gained connectivity. 48% of the proposed conservation network experienced shifts in the vegetation types. Current protected areas covered 41% of the conservation patches across Spain, but less than 7% within the deciduous vegetation type.</p> </section> <section> <h3> Main Conclusions</h3> <p>Projected shifts highlight the need for dynamic connectivity analyses to guide effective conservation under changing climate. Forest types exhibited distinct trends, underscoring the need for tailored strategies for each type. The proposed conservation network provides guidance for a proactive enhancement o

目的评估气候变化对不同森林生境的潜在影响；并概述一个气候智慧型保护网络，以在当前和未来气候下维持森林连通性。地点：西班牙大陆。当前和未来（2071-2100）。主要分类群研究了与不同植被类型和扩散能力相关的森林物种。方法拟合随机森林模型，预测当前和未来4种气候情景下6种植被类型的分布。然后，我们评估了每种气候情景和植被类型的森林可用性和连通性。为了定义保护网络，我们使用多时相生境可用性指数确定了动态连通性的关键生境斑块和走廊。最后，我们分析了预计有多少保护网络会因气候变化而发生变化，以及它如何与现有保护区保持一致。结果所有植被类型的森林均表现出明显的北移和上移。适应寒冷或潮湿条件的森林（例如，落叶、山地针叶林和高山植被）的面积和连通性下降。适应温暖和干燥的森林（如硬叶植物、下硬叶植物和超干性植被）的范围和/或连通性增加了。森林面积和连通性的变化率在各植被类型中都是相似的，但硬叶下植被的森林面积有所减少，但连通性有所增加。48%的拟议保护网络经历了植被类型的变化。目前的保护区覆盖了西班牙41%的保护斑块，但在落叶植被类型中不到7%。预测的变化强调了动态连通性分析的必要性，以指导气候变化下的有效保护。森林类型表现出不同的趋势，强调需要为每种类型制定适合的战略。拟议的保护网络为积极增强西班牙森林的恢复力提供了指导。它也为其他有类似保护目标的国家提供了参考，包括欧盟自然恢复条例或2030年生物多样性战略。

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引用次数: 0

Partitioning Beta Diversity at Two Spatial Resolutions Reveals Biotic Homogenisation With Habitat Degradation 在两个空间分辨率上划分Beta多样性揭示了生物同质化与栖息地退化

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70080

Faith A. M. Jones, Alwin A. Hardenbol, Anne-Maarit Hekkala, Albin Larsson Ekström, Mari Jönsson, Matti Koivula, Joachim Strengbom, Jörgen Sjögren

Aim

Understanding the effects of habitat degradation on biodiversity is essential for undertaking conservation initiatives, but commonly used metrics of biodiversity, like species richness and beta diversity, can miss important signals of change. Greater insights can be gained by partitioning beta diversity into nestedness, which relates to species loss, and turnover, which relates to species replacement. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of biodiversity change with habitat degradation, we investigate how nestedness and turnover vary when comparing assemblages from the same or different habitat degradation levels, and how assemblage aggregation resolution influences this relationship.

Location

Sweden.

Methods

We used beta diversity partitioning to assess lichen, fungi and bryophyte species composition from 120 forest sites across Sweden, from three different habitat degradation levels, and at two aggregation scales (pairwise local assemblages and assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level across our study sites). We examined how pairwise total beta diversity, nestedness and turnover varied when comparing assemblages from sites of either the same or different habitat degradation levels. In addition, we examined the relationship between total beta diversity, nestedness and turnover when assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level were compared.

Results

We detected a small increase in pairwise lichen total beta diversity (Cliffs delta 0.40) and nestedness (Cliffs delta 0.19), but not in any other pairwise comparisons. In contrast, for all taxa, comparisons between assemblages pooled at the habitat degradation level showed higher values of nestedness and lower values of turnover than the corresponding pairwise comparisons, suggesting biotic homogenisation in highly degraded sites.

Main Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of considering biodiversity change across multiple spatial resolutions to fully capture the effects of local species replacements in highly degraded habitats on biotic homogenisation.

了解栖息地退化对生物多样性的影响对于开展保护行动至关重要，但常用的生物多样性指标，如物种丰富度和β多样性，可能会错过重要的变化信号。通过将beta多样性划分为巢性（与物种损失有关）和周转率（与物种替换有关），可以获得更深入的见解。为了更全面地了解生物多样性随生境退化的变化，我们研究了在相同或不同生境退化水平的组合中，巢性和更替是如何变化的，以及组合聚集分辨率如何影响这种关系。位置瑞典。方法采用beta多样性划分方法，对瑞典120个森林样地的地衣、真菌和苔藓物种组成进行了评估，这些物种来自三种不同的栖息地退化水平，以及两种聚集尺度（成对的本地组合和在我们研究地点的栖息地退化水平上汇集的组合）。我们研究了在相同或不同生境退化程度的地点比较组合时，总β多样性、筑巢性和更替是如何两两变化的。此外，我们还研究了在生境退化水平上集合的总β多样性、巢性和更替之间的关系。结果地衣总β多样性（Cliffs delta 0.40）和筑巢性（Cliffs delta 0.19）的两两比较均有小幅增加，但其他两两比较均无明显增加。相比之下，对于所有分类群而言，在栖息地退化水平汇集的组合之间的比较显示出较高的筑巢值和较低的周转值，这表明在高度退化的地点生物均质化。我们的研究结果强调了考虑多空间分辨率的生物多样性变化的重要性，以充分捕捉高度退化栖息地中本地物种替代对生物同质化的影响。

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引用次数: 0

The Effects of Protected Areas in Nepal as a Barrier Against Plant Invasions Are Associated With Lower Propagule Pressure and Less Intensive Disturbance 尼泊尔保护区作为植物入侵屏障的效果与较低的繁殖体压力和较弱的干扰有关

IF 4.2 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Diversity and Distributions

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.70081

Suneeta Bhatta, Martin Hejda, Petr Pyšek

Aim

Protected areas are established to conserve global biodiversity threatened by various factors, including invasive plants. We recorded naturalised alien plants inside and outside of protected areas to test whether they act as a barrier against the spread of alien plants.

Location

Five protected areas of Nepal on the central Himalayan foothills.

Methods

Using 6-km transects running 3 km inside and 3 km outside of the protected areas, we sampled 30 m × 30 m plots at 300 m intervals and analysed how the representation of naturalised plants changed with increasing distance from the boundary in both directions. The relationships between the position on a transect and naturalised species richness and Shannon diversity were tested by generalised linear mixed-effect models and linear mixed-effects models, respectively. Further, we used regression trees to identify variables potentially confounded with the distance from the park boundary. Then, we calculated the GLMM and LMM models accounting for the selected confounded variables. Multivariate constrained ordination analyses were performed to test the effects of elevation, tree canopy, vegetation type, disturbance, propagule pressure, distance from the park boundary, time since the park establishment and location inside versus outside protected areas on the composition of naturalised species.

Results

Chitwan National Park harboured most naturalised species (30), followed by Suklaphanta (20), Parsa (19), Bardia (18) and Banke National Park (17). Overall, the richness and Shannon diversity of naturalised plants were significantly higher outside than inside the protected areas. When all protected areas were evaluated together, naturalised plant species richness and diversity decreased significantly from the outside to the interior of the parks, even after accounting for the selected potentially confounded factors.

Main Conclusions

Naturalised plant species are less represented within protected areas than outside their boundaries, which is partly due to lower propagule pressure and less intensive disturbances.

目的建立保护区是为了保护受到包括入侵植物在内的各种因素威胁的全球生物多样性。我们记录了保护区内外归化的外来植物，以测试它们是否能作为抵御外来植物传播的屏障。位于尼泊尔喜马拉雅山麓中部的五个保护区。方法利用保护区内外各3 km的6 km样带，以间隔300 m的间隔取样30 m × 30 m样地，分析自然植物的代表性随距离边界的增加而变化。利用广义线性混合效应模型和线性混合效应模型分别检验了样带位置与归化物种丰富度和Shannon多样性之间的关系。此外，我们使用回归树来识别可能与公园边界距离混淆的变量。然后，我们计算了考虑所选混杂变量的GLMM和LMM模型。通过多变量约束排序分析，考察了海拔、树冠、植被类型、干扰、繁殖体压力、距离公园边界的距离、公园建立时间以及保护区内外位置对归化物种组成的影响。结果Chitwan国家公园归化种数最多（30种），其次为Suklaphanta（20种）、Parsa（19种）、Bardia（18种）和Banke国家公园（17种）。总体而言，保护区外归化植物的丰富度和香农多样性显著高于保护区内。当对所有保护区进行综合评估时，即使考虑了选定的潜在混杂因素，自然植物物种丰富度和多样性也从公园外部到公园内部显著下降。主要结论保护区内归化的植物种类较少，部分原因是保护区外的繁殖体压力较低，受到的干扰较少。

{"title":"The Effects of Protected Areas in Nepal as a Barrier Against Plant Invasions Are Associated With Lower Propagule Pressure and Less Intensive Disturbance","authors":"Suneeta Bhatta, Martin Hejda, Petr Pyšek","doi":"10.1111/ddi.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Protected areas are established to conserve global biodiversity threatened by various factors, including invasive plants. We recorded naturalised alien plants inside and outside of protected areas to test whether they act as a barrier against the spread of alien plants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Location</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five protected areas of Nepal on the central Himalayan foothills.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using 6-km transects running 3 km inside and 3 km outside of the protected areas, we sampled 30 m × 30 m plots at 300 m intervals and analysed how the representation of naturalised plants changed with increasing distance from the boundary in both directions. The relationships between the position on a transect and naturalised species richness and Shannon diversity were tested by generalised linear mixed-effect models and linear mixed-effects models, respectively. Further, we used regression trees to identify variables potentially confounded with the distance from the park boundary. Then, we calculated the GLMM and LMM models accounting for the selected confounded variables. Multivariate constrained ordination analyses were performed to test the effects of elevation, tree canopy, vegetation type, disturbance, propagule pressure, distance from the park boundary, time since the park establishment and location inside versus outside protected areas on the composition of naturalised species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chitwan National Park harboured most naturalised species (30), followed by Suklaphanta (20), Parsa (19), Bardia (18) and Banke National Park (17). Overall, the richness and Shannon diversity of naturalised plants were significantly higher outside than inside the protected areas. When all protected areas were evaluated together, naturalised plant species richness and diversity decreased significantly from the outside to the interior of the parks, even after accounting for the selected potentially confounded factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Main Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Naturalised plant species are less represented within protected areas than outside their boundaries, which is partly due to lower propagule pressure and less intensive disturbances.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":51018,"journal":{"name":"Diversity and Distributions","volume":"31 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ddi.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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