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Steady-state solutions for a reaction–diffusion equation with Robin boundary conditions: Application to the control of dengue vectors 具有Robin边界条件的反应扩散方程的稳态解:在登革热病媒控制中的应用
4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000256
Luís Almeida, Pierre-Alexandre Bliman, Nga Nguyen, Nicolas Vauchelet
Abstract In this paper, we investigate an initial-boundary value problem of a reaction–diffusion equation in a bounded domain with a Robin boundary condition and introduce some particular parameters to consider the non-zero flux on the boundary. This problem arises in the study of mosquito populations under the intervention of the population replacement method, where the boundary condition takes into account the inflow and outflow of individuals through the boundary. Using phase plane analysis, the present paper studies the existence and properties of non-constant steady-state solutions depending on several parameters. Then, we prove some sufficient conditions for their stability. We show that the long-time efficiency of this control method depends strongly on the size of the treated zone and the migration rate. To illustrate these theoretical results, we provide some numerical simulations in the framework of mosquito population control.
摘要本文研究了一类具有Robin边界条件的有界区域上反应扩散方程的初边值问题,并引入了一些特殊参数来考虑边界上的非零通量。在种群置换法干预下的蚊子种群研究中,边界条件考虑了个体通过边界流入和流出的情况,出现了这一问题。本文利用相平面分析方法,研究了依赖于若干参数的非常稳态解的存在性及其性质。然后,证明了其稳定性的几个充分条件。研究表明,这种控制方法的长期效率在很大程度上取决于处理区域的大小和运移速度。为了说明这些理论结果,我们在蚊虫种群控制的框架下进行了一些数值模拟。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial “Symmetries and differential equations” 编者按:对称与微分方程
4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000165
Stephen Anco, Philip Broadbridge
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引用次数: 0
Breakdown of electroneutrality in polyelectrolyte gels 聚电解质凝胶中电中性的分解
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000244
M. G. Hennessy, Giulia L. Celora, Sarah L. Waters, A. Münch, B. Wagner
Mathematical models of polyelectrolyte gels are often simplified by assuming the gel is electrically neutral. The rationale behind this assumption is that the thickness of the electric double layer (EDL) at the free surface of the gel is small compared to the size of the gel. Hence, the thin-EDL limit is taken, in which the thickness of the EDL is set to zero. Despite the widespread use of the thin-EDL limit, the solutions in the EDL are rarely computed and shown to match to the solutions for the electrically neutral bulk. The aims of this paper are to study the structure of the EDL and establish the validity of the thin-EDL limit. The model for the gel accounts for phase separation, which gives rise to diffuse interfaces with a thickness described by the Kuhn length. We show that the solutions in the EDL can only be asymptotically matched to the solutions for an electrically neutral bulk, in general, when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length. If the Debye length is similar to or larger than the Kuhn length, then phase separation can be initiated in the EDL. This phase separation spreads into the bulk of the gel and gives rise to electrically charged layers with different degrees of swelling. Thus, the thin-EDL limit and the assumption of electroneutrality only generally apply when the Debye length is much smaller than the Kuhn length.
聚电解质凝胶的数学模型通常通过假设凝胶是电中性的来简化。这一假设背后的基本原理是,与凝胶的尺寸相比,凝胶自由表面处的双电层(EDL)的厚度较小。因此,取薄EDL极限,其中EDL的厚度设置为零。尽管薄EDL极限被广泛使用,但EDL中的解很少被计算出来,并且显示出与电中性体的解相匹配。本文的目的是研究EDL的结构,并建立瘦EDL极限的有效性。凝胶的模型考虑了相分离,这产生了厚度由库恩长度描述的扩散界面。我们证明,通常,当Debye长度远小于Kuhn长度时,EDL中的解只能渐近匹配于电中性体的解。如果德拜长度类似或大于库恩长度,则可以在EDL中开始相分离。这种相分离扩散到凝胶的主体中,并产生具有不同溶胀度的带电层。因此,薄EDL极限和电中性假设通常仅适用于德拜长度远小于库恩长度的情况。
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引用次数: 0
A nonconservative kinetic framework under the action of an external force field: Theoretical results with application inspired to ecology 外力场作用下的非保守动力学框架:启发生态学应用的理论结果
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000232
B. Carbonaro, Marco Menale
The present paper deals with the kinetic-theoretic description of the evolution of systems consisting of many particles interacting not only with each other but also with the external world, so that the equation governing their evolution contains an additional term representing such interaction, called the ‘forcing term’. Firstly, the interactions between pairs of particles are both conservative and nonconservative; the latter represents, among others, birth/death rates. The ‘forcing term’ does not express a ‘classical’ force exerted by the external world on the particles, but a more general influence on the effects of mutual interactions of particles, for instance, climate changes, that increase or decrease the different agricultural productions at different times, thus altering the economic relationships between different subsystems, that in turn can be also perturbed by stock market fluctuations, sudden wars, periodic epidemics, and so on. Thus, the interest towards these problems moves the mathematical analysis of the effects of different kinds of forcing terms on solutions to equations governing the collective (that is statistical) behaviour of such nonconservative many-particle systems. In the present paper, we offer a study of the basic mathematical properties of such solutions, along with some numerical simulations to show the effects of forcing terms for a classical prey–predator model in ecology.
本文对由许多粒子组成的系统的演化进行了动力学理论描述,这些粒子不仅相互作用,而且与外部世界相互作用,因此控制它们演化的方程包含一个表示这种相互作用的附加项,称为“强迫项”。首先,粒子对之间的相互作用是守恒的和非守恒的;后者代表出生率/死亡率等。“强迫项”并不表示外部世界对粒子施加的“经典”力,而是对粒子相互作用的影响的更普遍的影响,例如气候变化,它在不同的时间增加或减少了不同的农业生产,从而改变了不同子系统之间的经济关系,这反过来也可能受到股市波动、突然的战争、周期性流行病等的干扰。因此,对这些问题的兴趣推动了对不同类型的强迫项对控制这种非守恒多粒子系统的集体(即统计)行为的方程解的影响的数学分析。在本文中,我们对这些解的基本数学性质进行了研究,并进行了一些数值模拟,以显示强迫项对生态学中经典捕食模型的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Spreading dynamics of a diffusive epidemic model with free boundaries and two delays 具有自由边界和两个时滞的扩散流行病模型的传播动力学
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-11 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000220
Qiaoling Chen, Sanyi Tang, Z. Teng, Feng Wang
A delayed reaction-diffusion system with free boundaries is investigated in this paper to understand how the bacteria spread spatially to larger area from the initial infected habitat. Under the assumptions that the nonlinearities are of monostable type and the initial values satisfy some compatible condition, we show that the free boundary problem is well-posed and discuss the long-time behaviour of solution (including spreading and vanishing) in terms of the spatial-temporal risk index. Furthermore, to determine the spreading speed of free boundaries when spreading occurs, we first study the distribution of roots of a transcendental equation containing a polynomial of degree four and then establish the existence and uniqueness of monotone solution to a delay-induced nonlocal semi-wave problem by employing the approximation method, lower-upper solutions technique and Schauder fixed point theorem. It is shown that time delays slow down the spreading of bacteria.
本文研究了一个具有自由边界的延迟反应扩散系统,以了解细菌如何从最初的感染栖息地在空间上传播到更大的区域。在假设非线性是单稳态的并且初始值满足一些相容条件的情况下,我们证明了自由边界问题是适定的,并根据时空风险指数讨论了解的长期行为(包括扩散和消失)。此外,为了确定扩散发生时自由边界的扩散速度,我们首先研究了一个包含四次多项式的超越方程的根的分布,然后用近似方法建立了一个延迟诱导的非局部半波问题单调解的存在性和唯一性,上下解技术和Schauder不动点定理。研究表明,时间延迟会减缓细菌的传播。
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引用次数: 1
The effect of pore-scale contaminant distribution on the reactive decontamination of porous media 孔隙尺度污染物分布对多孔介质活性去污的影响
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000219
E. Luckins, C. Breward, I. Griffiths, C. Please
A porous material that has been contaminated with a hazardous chemical agent is typically decontaminated by applying a cleanser solution to the surface and allowing the cleanser to react into the porous material, neutralising the agent. The agent and cleanser are often immiscible fluids and so, if the porous material is initially saturated with agent, a reaction front develops with the decontamination reaction occurring at this interface between the fluids. We investigate the effect of different initial agent configurations within the pore space on the decontamination process. Specifically, we compare the decontamination of a material initially saturated by the agent with the situation when, initially, the agent only coats the walls of the pores (referred to as the ‘agent-on-walls’ case). In previous work (Luckins et al., European Journal of Applied Mathematics, 31(5):782–805, 2020), we derived homogenised models for both of these decontamination scenarios, and in this paper we explore the solutions of these two models. We find that, for an identical initial volume of agent, the decontamination time is generally much faster for the agent-on-walls case compared with the initially saturated case, since the surface area on which the reaction can occur is greater. However for sufficiently deep spills of contaminant, or sufficiently slow reaction rates, decontamination in the agent-on-walls scenario can be slower. We also show that, in the limit of a dilute cleanser with a deep initial agent spill, the agent-on-walls model exhibits behaviour akin to a Stefan problem of the same form as that arising in the initially saturated model. The decontamination time is shown to decrease with both the applied cleanser concentration and the rate of the chemical reaction. However, increasing the cleanser concentration is also shown to result in lower decontamination efficiency, with an increase in the amount of cleanser chemical that is wasted.
被有害化学试剂污染的多孔材料通常通过将清洁剂溶液应用于表面并使清洁剂与多孔材料反应,中和试剂来净化。试剂和清洁剂通常是不混溶的流体,因此,如果多孔材料最初被试剂饱和,则随着在流体之间的该界面处发生的去污反应而产生反应前沿。我们研究了孔隙空间内不同初始药剂配置对去污过程的影响。具体而言,我们将最初被药剂饱和的材料的去污与最初药剂仅覆盖孔隙壁的情况(称为“壁上药剂”情况)进行了比较。在之前的工作中(Luckins等人,《欧洲应用数学杂志》,31(5):782–8052020),我们推导了这两种去污场景的均质模型,并在本文中探索了这两个模型的解决方案。我们发现,对于相同初始体积的试剂,与最初饱和的情况相比,壁上试剂的去污时间通常要快得多,因为可以发生反应的表面积更大。然而,对于足够深的污染物溢出或足够慢的反应速率,在墙上的药剂场景中的去污可能会较慢。我们还表明,在初始药剂泄漏较深的稀释清洁剂的极限下,壁上药剂模型表现出类似于Stefan问题的行为,该问题的形式与初始饱和模型中出现的问题相同。去污时间显示随着所施加的清洁剂浓度和化学反应的速率而减少。然而,增加清洁剂浓度也会导致去污效率降低,浪费的清洁剂化学物质的量也会增加。
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引用次数: 0
Instability of axisymmetric flow in thermocapillary liquid bridges: Kinetic and thermal energy budgets for two-phase flow with temperature-dependent material properties 热毛细液桥中轴对称流动的不稳定性:具有温度依赖材料特性的两相流的动能和热能收支
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000189
M. Stojanović, F. Romanò, H. Kuhlmann
In numerical linear stability investigations, the rates of change of the kinetic and thermal energy of the perturbation flow are often used to identify the dominant mechanisms by which kinetic or thermal energy is exchanged between the basic and the perturbation flow. Extending the conventional energy analysis for a single-phase Boussinesq fluid, the energy budgets of arbitrary infinitesimal perturbations to the basic two-phase liquid–gas flow are derived for an axisymmetric thermocapillary bridge when the material parameters in both phases depend on the temperature. This allows identifying individual transport terms and assessing their contributions to the instability if the basic flow and the critical mode are evaluated at criticality. The full closed-form energy budgets of linear modes have been derived for thermocapillary two-phase flow taking into account the temperature dependence of all thermophysical parameters. The influence of different approximations to the temperature dependence on the linear stability boundary of the axisymmetric flow in thermocapillary liquid bridges is tested regarding their accuracy. The general mechanism of symmetry breaking turns out to be very robust.
在数值线性稳定性研究中,通常使用微扰流的动能和热能变化率来确定基本流和微扰流之间动能或热能交换的主要机制。在传统的单相Boussinesq流体能量分析的基础上,导出了轴对称热毛细管桥两相基本液气流动在两相材料参数均随温度变化时的任意无穷小扰动下的能量收支。如果在临界状态下对基本流和临界模式进行评估,则可以识别单个输运项并评估它们对不稳定性的贡献。考虑所有热物性参数对温度的依赖性,导出了热毛细两相流线性模态的完全封闭能量收支。测试了不同近似对热毛细液桥轴对称流动线性稳定边界温度依赖性的影响。对称性破缺的一般机制被证明是非常强健的。
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引用次数: 0
Resilience of dynamical systems – ERRATUM 动力系统的复原力 - ERRATUM
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-07-06 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000190
Hana Krakovská, C. Kuehn, Iacopo P Longo
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引用次数: 0
Interface behaviour of the slow diffusion equation with strong absorption: Intermediate-asymptotic properties 强吸收慢扩散方程的界面行为:中间渐近性质
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-06-14 DOI: 10.1017/S0956792523000098
J. R. King, G. Richardson, J. Foster
Abstract The dynamics of interfaces in slow diffusion equations with strong absorption are studied. Asymptotic methods are used to give descriptions of the behaviour local to a comprehensive range of possible singular events that can occur in any evolution. These events are: when an interface changes its direction of propagation (reversing and anti-reversing), when an interface detaches from an absorbing obstacle (detaching), when two interfaces are formed by film rupture (touchdown) and when the solution undergoes extinction. Our account of extinction and self-similar reversing and anti-reversing is built upon previous work; results on non-self-similar reversing and anti-reversing and on the various types of detachment and touchdown are developed from scratch. In all cases, verification of the asymptotic results against numerical solutions to the full PDE is provided. Self-similar solutions, both of the full equation and of its asymptotic limits, play a central role in the analysis.
摘要研究了强吸收慢扩散方程中界面的动力学问题。渐近方法用于描述任何进化中可能发生的一系列可能奇异事件的局部行为。这些事件是:当一个界面改变其传播方向时(反转和反反转),当一个接口从吸收障碍物上分离时(分离),当两个界面通过薄膜破裂形成时(触地),以及当溶液经历消光时。我们对灭绝和自我相似的逆转和反逆转的描述是建立在以前的工作基础上的;结果非自相似翻转和反翻转以及各种类型的脱离和触地都是从头开始发展起来的。在所有情况下,提供了渐近结果相对于全PDE的数值解的验证。全方程及其渐近极限的自相似解在分析中起着核心作用。
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引用次数: 0
-coupling mechanisms are sufficient to obtain exponential decay in strain gradient elasticity -耦合机制足以得到应变梯度弹性的指数衰减
IF 1.9 4区 数学 Q1 MATHEMATICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-05-22 DOI: 10.1017/s0956792523000086
José R. Fernández, R. Quintanilla
In this paper, we consider the time decay of the solutions to some problems arising in strain gradient thermoelasticity. We restrict to the two-dimensional case, and we assume that two dissipative mechanisms are introduced, the temperature and the mass dissipation. First, we show that this problem is well-posed proving that the operator defining it generates a contractive semigroup of linear operators. Then, assuming that the function involving the coupling terms is elliptic, the exponential decay of the solutions is concluded as well as the analyticity of the solutions. Finally, we describe how to obtain the exponential stability in the case of hyperbolic dissipation.
本文考虑了应变梯度热弹性力学中一些问题解的时间衰减。我们仅限于二维情况,并假设引入了两种耗散机制,即温度耗散和质量耗散。首先,我们证明了这个问题是适定的,证明了定义它的算子生成线性算子的压缩半群。然后,假设包含耦合项的函数是椭圆的,则得出了解的指数衰减以及解的分析性。最后,我们描述了在双曲耗散情况下如何获得指数稳定性。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
European Journal of Applied Mathematics
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