{"title":"On the Skin Flukes Found in Farmed Thunnus orientails","authors":"","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81083814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Different Virulence of Flavobacterium psychrophilum Isolates in Two Stocks of Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis","authors":"T. Nagai, T. Nakai","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.71","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"546 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77143109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuzo Takada, K. Taguchi, Kyuma Suzuki, A. Ashizawa, K. Kaji, Shun Watanabe, S. Wada, O. Kurata
― The temperature of water used to rear juvenile stages of ayu affects the development of the thymus. However, subsequent differences in the thymus in adults after rearing juveniles at different temperatures are unclear. We analyzed thymus development of ayu grown at a constant water temperature of 15 ° C from juveniles reared at different water temperatures. Juvenile ayu weighed at 0.6 g and 1.4 g were reared at different temperatures (10 ° C, 12 ° C, 15 ° C, 18 ° C and 22 ° C) for 64 days and 54 days, respectively, and then held at 15 ° C for analysis of the thymus development. Thymus volume was measured by computed tomography and thymus development of experimental fish was evaluated as the ratio of thymus volume to body length. The thymus volume ratios of juveniles immediately after rearing at lower water temperatures (10 ° C, 12 ° C) were higher than in those reared at the higher temperatures (18 ° C, 22 ° C). These levels of thymus volume ratio were preserved in grown ayu continuously reared at 15 ° C. After the summer solstice, the thymus began to atrophy and no longer exhibited differences among the experimental groups. Thus the thymus formed at the juvenile stage retains its morphological properties until the summer solstice.
{"title":"Subsequent Changes in the Thymus of Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Reared from Juveniles with Temperature-induced Differential Thymus Growth","authors":"Yuzo Takada, K. Taguchi, Kyuma Suzuki, A. Ashizawa, K. Kaji, Shun Watanabe, S. Wada, O. Kurata","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.31","url":null,"abstract":"― The temperature of water used to rear juvenile stages of ayu affects the development of the thymus. However, subsequent differences in the thymus in adults after rearing juveniles at different temperatures are unclear. We analyzed thymus development of ayu grown at a constant water temperature of 15 ° C from juveniles reared at different water temperatures. Juvenile ayu weighed at 0.6 g and 1.4 g were reared at different temperatures (10 ° C, 12 ° C, 15 ° C, 18 ° C and 22 ° C) for 64 days and 54 days, respectively, and then held at 15 ° C for analysis of the thymus development. Thymus volume was measured by computed tomography and thymus development of experimental fish was evaluated as the ratio of thymus volume to body length. The thymus volume ratios of juveniles immediately after rearing at lower water temperatures (10 ° C, 12 ° C) were higher than in those reared at the higher temperatures (18 ° C, 22 ° C). These levels of thymus volume ratio were preserved in grown ayu continuously reared at 15 ° C. After the summer solstice, the thymus began to atrophy and no longer exhibited differences among the experimental groups. Thus the thymus formed at the juvenile stage retains its morphological properties until the summer solstice.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88685439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Detection of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in Adult Chum Salmon and Prevention of Vertical Transmission in a Hatchery","authors":"Toshimasa Kobayashi, N. Takahashi","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.42","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"65 1","pages":"42-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83246036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuho Watanabe, Kah Hui How, Kosuke Zenke, N. Itoh, T. Yoshinaga
― Cryptocaryon irritans has clear daily rhythms in protomont detachment from fish and theront excystment from tomonts. While the rhythms seem to be regulated by photoperiods, it has not been confirmed. We investigated whether the daily rhythms of the parasite would be controlled by giving different photoperiods of 12 h light and 12 h dark (06:00–18:00 L and 18:00–06:00 D; 15:00–03:00 L and 03:00–15:00 D) to infected fish and tomonts. Protomont detachment and theronts excystment mostly occurred in the last 3 h of the dark period and from 6 h to 3 h before the end of dark period, respectively, indicating that the rhythms are controlled by photoperiods.
{"title":"Control of the Daily Rhythms by Photoperiods in Protomont Detachment and Theront Excystment of the Parasitic Ciliate Cryptocaryon irritans","authors":"Yuho Watanabe, Kah Hui How, Kosuke Zenke, N. Itoh, T. Yoshinaga","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.38","url":null,"abstract":"― Cryptocaryon irritans has clear daily rhythms in protomont detachment from fish and theront excystment from tomonts. While the rhythms seem to be regulated by photoperiods, it has not been confirmed. We investigated whether the daily rhythms of the parasite would be controlled by giving different photoperiods of 12 h light and 12 h dark (06:00–18:00 L and 18:00–06:00 D; 15:00–03:00 L and 03:00–15:00 D) to infected fish and tomonts. Protomont detachment and theronts excystment mostly occurred in the last 3 h of the dark period and from 6 h to 3 h before the end of dark period, respectively, indicating that the rhythms are controlled by photoperiods.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87200520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial hemolytic jaundice (BHJ) was first described in populations of cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata in 1980 in Japan. BHJ is now one of the most important diseases of farmed yellowtail. The taxonomic position of the causative agent, Ichthyobacterium seriolicida, was recently determined as a single clade within the order Flavobacteriales and was distinct from the known clades of the family Flavobacteriaceae, Blattabacteriaceae and Cryomorphaceae. Whole genome analysis of the type strain JBKA-6 revealed that this bacterium harbors a single circular chromosome. Polymorphic analyses of I. seriolicida identified four major clusters among I. seriolicida isolates, and all belonged to clonal complexes; thus, this bacterium is considered to be recently introduced in Japan. In passive immunization tests, significantly lower mortality was observed in fish that received the serum from a convalescent fish, indicating I. seriolicida is neutralized by the humoral component of the immune system. However, since this bacterium does not grow vigorously in vitro, control measures such as the production of an inactivated vaccine is under development.
{"title":"Bacterial Hemolytic Jaundice","authors":"T. Takano, T. Matsuyama","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.25","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial hemolytic jaundice (BHJ) was first described in populations of cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata in 1980 in Japan. BHJ is now one of the most important diseases of farmed yellowtail. The taxonomic position of the causative agent, Ichthyobacterium seriolicida, was recently determined as a single clade within the order Flavobacteriales and was distinct from the known clades of the family Flavobacteriaceae, Blattabacteriaceae and Cryomorphaceae. Whole genome analysis of the type strain JBKA-6 revealed that this bacterium harbors a single circular chromosome. Polymorphic analyses of I. seriolicida identified four major clusters among I. seriolicida isolates, and all belonged to clonal complexes; thus, this bacterium is considered to be recently introduced in Japan. In passive immunization tests, significantly lower mortality was observed in fish that received the serum from a convalescent fish, indicating I. seriolicida is neutralized by the humoral component of the immune system. However, since this bacterium does not grow vigorously in vitro, control measures such as the production of an inactivated vaccine is under development.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89786258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Kato, Kensuke Oka, M. Matsumoto, Motohisa Kanemaru, Masato Yamamoto, M. Sano
Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae makes severe losses of fish production of Seriola spp. in Japan. In this study, we investigated prevalence of N. seriolae infection in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata cultured in an open sea net-cage in Owase Bay, Japan. The gills, serum and spleen were sampled from juvenile fish (n = 5) on May, June, July, August, November 2017 and January 2018. Serum antibody titer against N. seriolae were significantly increased on November 2017 and January 2018. N. seriolae 16S rRNA gene were detected by PCR in the spleen and/or gills of 1–4 individuals sampled on May, July, August, November 2017 and January 2018, while the bacterium was not isolated from any individuals on Ogawa medium. Granulomatous inflammation which is the typical characteristic of pathological feature of nocardiosis was not observed in any spleen sections examined. However, fluorescent immunohistochemistry with anti-N. seriolae rabbit serum detected the longand short-rod shaped bacteria in the spleen of all fish examined in this study. These data suggest that the juvenile yellowtail cultured in Owase Bay had been already infected with N. seriolae even in May. In addition, N. seriolae may be in viable but non-culturable state (VBNC), resulting in latent infection in cultured yellowtail.
{"title":"Prevalence of Infection with Nocardia seriolae in Juvenile of Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata Cultured in Owase Bay, Japan","authors":"G. Kato, Kensuke Oka, M. Matsumoto, Motohisa Kanemaru, Masato Yamamoto, M. Sano","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.1","url":null,"abstract":"Nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae makes severe losses of fish production of Seriola spp. in Japan. In this study, we investigated prevalence of N. seriolae infection in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata cultured in an open sea net-cage in Owase Bay, Japan. The gills, serum and spleen were sampled from juvenile fish (n = 5) on May, June, July, August, November 2017 and January 2018. Serum antibody titer against N. seriolae were significantly increased on November 2017 and January 2018. N. seriolae 16S rRNA gene were detected by PCR in the spleen and/or gills of 1–4 individuals sampled on May, July, August, November 2017 and January 2018, while the bacterium was not isolated from any individuals on Ogawa medium. Granulomatous inflammation which is the typical characteristic of pathological feature of nocardiosis was not observed in any spleen sections examined. However, fluorescent immunohistochemistry with anti-N. seriolae rabbit serum detected the longand short-rod shaped bacteria in the spleen of all fish examined in this study. These data suggest that the juvenile yellowtail cultured in Owase Bay had been already infected with N. seriolae even in May. In addition, N. seriolae may be in viable but non-culturable state (VBNC), resulting in latent infection in cultured yellowtail.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78061303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akito Tsuchiya, Aki Nishihara, A. Saeki, Yuki Teru, T. Aoki, T. Kono, M. Sakai, J. Hikima
― Pseudotuberculosis pathogen, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida ( Pdp ) shows some differences in virulence between Japanese and US strains. In this study, we analyzed plasmid DNAs derived from Japanese and US strains of Pdp , and found two homologous regions in these plasmids, pOT-51443-4/p91-197-1 and pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2. All genes in the p91-197-1 from US strain were observed in the pOT-51443-4 from Japanese strain. This event might have occurred during transmission of the US plasmid to Japanese strain. Inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme ( ivy ), a known pathogenicity factor was encoded in the homologous region of pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2. Thus, the genomic region containing ivy may have been horizontally transmitted between the two Pdp strains.
-假结核病原体，光杆菌damselae亚sp。Pdp在日本和美国菌株的毒力有一定差异。在本研究中，我们分析了来自日本和美国Pdp菌株的质粒dna，在这些质粒中发现了两个同源区域，pOT-51443-4/p91-197-1和pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2。美国菌株p91-197-1的基因在日本菌株pOT-51443-4中均有发现。这一事件可能发生在美国质粒向日本菌株传播的过程中。已知致病性因子-脊椎动物溶菌酶抑制剂(Inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme, ivy)编码于pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2的同源区。因此，含有常春藤的基因组区域可能在两个Pdp菌株之间水平传播。
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Plasmid DNAs from Two Strains of Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Isolated from Japan and the United States","authors":"Akito Tsuchiya, Aki Nishihara, A. Saeki, Yuki Teru, T. Aoki, T. Kono, M. Sakai, J. Hikima","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.18","url":null,"abstract":"― Pseudotuberculosis pathogen, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida ( Pdp ) shows some differences in virulence between Japanese and US strains. In this study, we analyzed plasmid DNAs derived from Japanese and US strains of Pdp , and found two homologous regions in these plasmids, pOT-51443-4/p91-197-1 and pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2. All genes in the p91-197-1 from US strain were observed in the pOT-51443-4 from Japanese strain. This event might have occurred during transmission of the US plasmid to Japanese strain. Inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme ( ivy ), a known pathogenicity factor was encoded in the homologous region of pOT-51443-1/p91-197-2. Thus, the genomic region containing ivy may have been horizontally transmitted between the two Pdp strains.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79609410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Mizuno, S. Urawa, Yoshitomo Katsumata, T. Morishita, M. Ban
― Systemic infections caused by diplomonad flagellates belonging to the genus Spironucleus commonly result in heavy mortalities in salmonids. Diplomonad flagellates were found in the intestinal lumen of hatchery-reared juvenile chum Oncorhynchus keta and masu salmon O. masou in Hokkaido. We performed ultrastructural observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSUrDNA) of the flagellates to clarify their taxonomy. The flagellates showed elongated and tapered nuclei, and sub-apical location of the kinetosomes relative to the nuclei: which are the distinguishing characters of the genus Spironucleus among three genera of parasitic diplomonads. In addition, the flagellates had electron dense plaques at their posterior end, a posterior sac of dense free ribosomes, an electron dense body, and bowl-shaped membranous structures, identifying them as S. salmonis among four Spironucleus species that affect fish. The ultrastructure of the flagellates showed no variations between the two host species of salmon. All the isolated flagellate SSUrDNAs had the same 1,031 bp sequence, and no difference in the sequence. The SSUrDNA showed the highest homology (99%) with S. salmonis among 11 diplomonad flagellates. Thus, this study successfully used ultrastructure diagnosis and molecular phylogenetic analysis to confirm S. salmonis as the diplomonad flagellate that has infected hatchery-reared chum and masu salmon in Hokkaido.
{"title":"Ultrastructural and Molecular Phylogenetic Identification of the Diplomonad Flagellate Spironucleus salmonis Infecting Hatchery-reared Salmonid Fishes in Hokkaido","authors":"S. Mizuno, S. Urawa, Yoshitomo Katsumata, T. Morishita, M. Ban","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.55.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.55.8","url":null,"abstract":"― Systemic infections caused by diplomonad flagellates belonging to the genus Spironucleus commonly result in heavy mortalities in salmonids. Diplomonad flagellates were found in the intestinal lumen of hatchery-reared juvenile chum Oncorhynchus keta and masu salmon O. masou in Hokkaido. We performed ultrastructural observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis using the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSUrDNA) of the flagellates to clarify their taxonomy. The flagellates showed elongated and tapered nuclei, and sub-apical location of the kinetosomes relative to the nuclei: which are the distinguishing characters of the genus Spironucleus among three genera of parasitic diplomonads. In addition, the flagellates had electron dense plaques at their posterior end, a posterior sac of dense free ribosomes, an electron dense body, and bowl-shaped membranous structures, identifying them as S. salmonis among four Spironucleus species that affect fish. The ultrastructure of the flagellates showed no variations between the two host species of salmon. All the isolated flagellate SSUrDNAs had the same 1,031 bp sequence, and no difference in the sequence. The SSUrDNA showed the highest homology (99%) with S. salmonis among 11 diplomonad flagellates. Thus, this study successfully used ultrastructure diagnosis and molecular phylogenetic analysis to confirm S. salmonis as the diplomonad flagellate that has infected hatchery-reared chum and masu salmon in Hokkaido.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74514422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis is a native amphidromous fish in Japan and an important target for farming and recreational fishing. We have found high infection of hitherto unknown digenean metacercariae in wild ayu larvae and juveniles captured from the sea and a river in Wakayama Prefecture. The infection prevalence was 95% and 100% in larvae and juvenile ayu, respectively with variable intensities up to 566 metacercariae per fish. The metacercariae were located primarily around fins and inside caudal fins, but appeared to cause no serious pathological features to the fish. The phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 and 28S rDNA sequences revealed its identity as a member of Bucephalinae (Bucephalidae) with no identical genetic information on the database. Morphological characteristics of the larval trematode resembled those of the genus Prosorhynchoides. Genetically identical metacercariae were also found from Scomber japonicus and Engraulis japonicus captured at the same location as P. altivelis with variable infection levels, which suggested that it was a marine species. Experimental infection challenge of the metacercariae to several marine fish via oral intubation failed to obtain adult specimen and thus the precise identification of the parasite remains unknown.
{"title":"Bucephalid Metacercarial Infection in Wild Larval and Juvenile Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis","authors":"S. Shirakashi, Tsukasa Waki, K. Ogawa","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.54.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.54.93","url":null,"abstract":"Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis is a native amphidromous fish in Japan and an important target for farming and recreational fishing. We have found high infection of hitherto unknown digenean metacercariae in wild ayu larvae and juveniles captured from the sea and a river in Wakayama Prefecture. The infection prevalence was 95% and 100% in larvae and juvenile ayu, respectively with variable intensities up to 566 metacercariae per fish. The metacercariae were located primarily around fins and inside caudal fins, but appeared to cause no serious pathological features to the fish. The phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer 2 and 28S rDNA sequences revealed its identity as a member of Bucephalinae (Bucephalidae) with no identical genetic information on the database. Morphological characteristics of the larval trematode resembled those of the genus Prosorhynchoides. Genetically identical metacercariae were also found from Scomber japonicus and Engraulis japonicus captured at the same location as P. altivelis with variable infection levels, which suggested that it was a marine species. Experimental infection challenge of the metacercariae to several marine fish via oral intubation failed to obtain adult specimen and thus the precise identification of the parasite remains unknown.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75474393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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