Y. Shimahara, Y. Kawato, I. Kiryu, T. Nishioka, T. Kamaishi, K. Yuasa, S. Miwa, Mei Hosaka, Ryoko Matsumoto, T. Nakai, N. Oseko
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infections have not been reported in cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Japan since a few occurrences in the 1980s. In the spring of 2013, however, mass mortality was encountered at an ayu rearing facility in Akita Prefecture, Japan, and the causative agent was identified as P. anguilliseptica. In this study, biochemical characterizations and 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates from the present event were shown to be identical to previously reported isolates of P. anguilliseptica from ayu. LD50 of the present isolate against ayu in the infection test was 1.7 × 10 cfu/fish.
{"title":"Mass Mortality Caused by Pseudomonas anguilliseptica in the Pond-cultured Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis","authors":"Y. Shimahara, Y. Kawato, I. Kiryu, T. Nishioka, T. Kamaishi, K. Yuasa, S. Miwa, Mei Hosaka, Ryoko Matsumoto, T. Nakai, N. Oseko","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.101","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas anguilliseptica infections have not been reported in cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Japan since a few occurrences in the 1980s. In the spring of 2013, however, mass mortality was encountered at an ayu rearing facility in Akita Prefecture, Japan, and the causative agent was identified as P. anguilliseptica. In this study, biochemical characterizations and 16S rRNA gene sequences of the isolates from the present event were shown to be identical to previously reported isolates of P. anguilliseptica from ayu. LD50 of the present isolate against ayu in the infection test was 1.7 × 10 cfu/fish.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79700987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Gaafar, H. Yamashita, I. Istiqomah, Y. Kawato, Kanae Ninomiya, A. Younes, T. Nakai
To develop an oral vaccination method for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by piscine nodavirus (betanodavirus), sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus was immunized with inactivated redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) vaccine. Seven-day consecutive oral administration of the RGNNV vaccine via feed failed to induce protection in fish against the virus challenge at 21 days post-immunization. However, anal intubation of the vaccine conferred protective immunity on fish, although virus neutralizing antibodies could not be detected. Similar protective immunity was also confirmed by oral administration of vaccine via feed supplemented with capsaicin, suggesting that capsaicin modulated the intestinal mucosal barrier to induce immune response.
{"title":"An Oral Vaccination Method with the Aid of Capsaicin against Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN)","authors":"A. Gaafar, H. Yamashita, I. Istiqomah, Y. Kawato, Kanae Ninomiya, A. Younes, T. Nakai","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.110","url":null,"abstract":"To develop an oral vaccination method for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) caused by piscine nodavirus (betanodavirus), sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus was immunized with inactivated redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) vaccine. Seven-day consecutive oral administration of the RGNNV vaccine via feed failed to induce protection in fish against the virus challenge at 21 days post-immunization. However, anal intubation of the vaccine conferred protective immunity on fish, although virus neutralizing antibodies could not be detected. Similar protective immunity was also confirmed by oral administration of vaccine via feed supplemented with capsaicin, suggesting that capsaicin modulated the intestinal mucosal barrier to induce immune response.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many locations worldwide, ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) infections are associated with mortalities in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas primarily during the summer months. In the present study, experimental infections were performed to investigate the pathogenicity of OsHV・1JPType1 (a Japanese variant) in hatchery-reared Pacific oyster larvae and spats. The JPType1 virus was prepared from dead oyster spats obtained from a sea cage and was once passed in oyster larvae as the inoculum source of the infection experiments. Compared to pediveliger larvae, D-shaped larvae were more susceptible to infections when the larvae were exposed to serially diluted virus solutions at the concentrations of 3.2 x 106, 3.2 x 105 and 3.2×104 virus DNA copies/ml. Real-time PCR analysis revealed 1.6× 108 virus DNA copies/ng total DNA in a pooled sample of D-shaped larvae. No mortality was observed after 5 days when nine spat groups of differently sizes (mean shell height from 1.8 mm to 6.1 mm) were immersed in seawater containing 2.5×106 virus DNA copies/ml; however, 6.3×105 virus DNA copies/mg whole weight were detected in a group of spats. Virus concentrations were higher in smaller spat groups than in larger spat groups. The pathogenicity of OsHV司 1JPType1 in larvae and spats was confirmed; however, i t declined with the growth of the oyster.
{"title":"Experimental Infection of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) JPType1, a Japanese Variant, in Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Larvae and Spats","authors":"T. Nagai, Misato Nakamori","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.53.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.53.71","url":null,"abstract":"In many locations worldwide, ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) infections are associated with mortalities in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas primarily during the summer months. In the present study, experimental infections were performed to investigate the pathogenicity of OsHV・1JPType1 (a Japanese variant) in hatchery-reared Pacific oyster larvae and spats. The JPType1 virus was prepared from dead oyster spats obtained from a sea cage and was once passed in oyster larvae as the inoculum source of the infection experiments. Compared to pediveliger larvae, D-shaped larvae were more susceptible to infections when the larvae were exposed to serially diluted virus solutions at the concentrations of 3.2 x 106, 3.2 x 105 and 3.2×104 virus DNA copies/ml. Real-time PCR analysis revealed 1.6× 108 virus DNA copies/ng total DNA in a pooled sample of D-shaped larvae. No mortality was observed after 5 days when nine spat groups of differently sizes (mean shell height from 1.8 mm to 6.1 mm) were immersed in seawater containing 2.5×106 virus DNA copies/ml; however, 6.3×105 virus DNA copies/mg whole weight were detected in a group of spats. Virus concentrations were higher in smaller spat groups than in larger spat groups. The pathogenicity of OsHV司 1JPType1 in larvae and spats was confirmed; however, i t declined with the growth of the oyster.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"77 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73028029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hisato Takeuchi, A. Namba, Kazutomo Hori, S. Kashiwada, N. Mano
― In July 2016, there were mortalities of riverine ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in a tributary of the Tama River, Japan. A Gram-negative, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium was dominantly isolated from all examined dead fish, and identified as Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. Biochemical characteristics and gyrB sequence of the present strains differed from those of A. veronii strains from ayu in previous years. The present strains also caused higher mortalities to ayu than A. veronii strains pre-viously isolated. These results indicate that the present mortalities of riverine ayu in the Tama River were caused by high pathogenic A. veronii biovar sobria.
{"title":"Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria Associated with Mortalities of Riverine Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in the Tama River","authors":"Hisato Takeuchi, A. Namba, Kazutomo Hori, S. Kashiwada, N. Mano","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.86","url":null,"abstract":"― In July 2016, there were mortalities of riverine ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in a tributary of the Tama River, Japan. A Gram-negative, motile and short rod-shaped bacterium was dominantly isolated from all examined dead fish, and identified as Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria. Biochemical characteristics and gyrB sequence of the present strains differed from those of A. veronii strains from ayu in previous years. The present strains also caused higher mortalities to ayu than A. veronii strains pre-viously isolated. These results indicate that the present mortalities of riverine ayu in the Tama River were caused by high pathogenic A. veronii biovar sobria.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"17 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85475534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miku Kawahara, M. Kanamori, G. Meyer, T. Yoshinaga, N. Itoh
The occurrence of orange/pinkish colored lesions in the adductor muscle of Yesso scallops Patinopecten yessoensis has been known for many years in Japan; however, determination of the causative agent has not been adequately investigated. Histological examination of affected scallops in southern Hokkaido typically revealed intense host responses: hemocyte infiltration, an abundance of necrotic hemocytes, lysis of muscle fibers and in some instances melanin deposits when the lesions occurred adjacent to the shell. Microbiota analysis showed that Francisella halioticida was dominant in the lesions, and in situ hybridization using F. halioticida specific probes also confirmed the presence of this bacterium within the lesions. A F. halioticida specific PCR assay detected this bacterium in the majority of scallop lesions tested. Subsequently, three bacterial isolates were obtained from scallop lesions on modified Eugon agar supplemented with antibiotics, and these bacterial isolates were found to be F. halioticida by 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences. These results suggest that infection with F. halioticida is the most likely cause of the adductor muscle lesions observed in Yesso scallops. Field surveys conducted in 2017 of scallops cultured in southern Hokkaido showed that the presence of adductor muscle lesions putatively caused by F. halioticida was significantly related to mortalities and poor growth of scallops.
{"title":"Francisella halioticida, Identified as the Most Probable Cause of Adductor Muscle Lesions in Yesso scallops Patinopecten yessoensis Cultured in Southern Hokkaido, Japan","authors":"Miku Kawahara, M. Kanamori, G. Meyer, T. Yoshinaga, N. Itoh","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.78","url":null,"abstract":"The occurrence of orange/pinkish colored lesions in the adductor muscle of Yesso scallops Patinopecten yessoensis has been known for many years in Japan; however, determination of the causative agent has not been adequately investigated. Histological examination of affected scallops in southern Hokkaido typically revealed intense host responses: hemocyte infiltration, an abundance of necrotic hemocytes, lysis of muscle fibers and in some instances melanin deposits when the lesions occurred adjacent to the shell. Microbiota analysis showed that Francisella halioticida was dominant in the lesions, and in situ hybridization using F. halioticida specific probes also confirmed the presence of this bacterium within the lesions. A F. halioticida specific PCR assay detected this bacterium in the majority of scallop lesions tested. Subsequently, three bacterial isolates were obtained from scallop lesions on modified Eugon agar supplemented with antibiotics, and these bacterial isolates were found to be F. halioticida by 16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequences. These results suggest that infection with F. halioticida is the most likely cause of the adductor muscle lesions observed in Yesso scallops. Field surveys conducted in 2017 of scallops cultured in southern Hokkaido showed that the presence of adductor muscle lesions putatively caused by F. halioticida was significantly related to mortalities and poor growth of scallops.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82441792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Matsuyama, Yuta Matsuura, M. Inada, T. Takano, C. Nakayasu, T. Sakai, Sachiko Terashima, M. Yasuike, A. Fujiwara, Yoji Nakamura, Y. Tsuchihashi, K. Odawara, S. Iwanaga, T. Masaoka
In a previous study, a member of Spirochaeta was presumed to cause Akoya oyster disease (AOD), and Candidatus Maribrachyspira akoyae was proposed as the putative causative agent. With the aim of performing an epidemiological study of AOD, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed using the primers designed from shotgun metagenomic sequences identified as having high homology to Spirochaetes genes by a BLAST search. PCR assays with six primer sets produced specific target amplicons (n = 63–67) in pearl oysters collected from five AOD-endemic areas (n = 88), but did not in pearl oysters (n = 36) collected from three AOD-free areas. All individuals (n = 17) with the color index a-value above 3.0, which is an index of AOD development, were positive for all 6 primer sets in PCR. There was a positive correlation between the a-value and the results of PCR. These results show that the previous identification of Spirochaeta as an etiological agent of AOD is reasonable. Sequencing of amplification products confirmed only one nucleotide substitution in the PCR products, suggesting that the pathogenic causative agent of AOD has limited genetic diversity.
{"title":"An Epidemiological Study of Akoya Oyster Disease Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting Spirochaetes Genes","authors":"T. Matsuyama, Yuta Matsuura, M. Inada, T. Takano, C. Nakayasu, T. Sakai, Sachiko Terashima, M. Yasuike, A. Fujiwara, Yoji Nakamura, Y. Tsuchihashi, K. Odawara, S. Iwanaga, T. Masaoka","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.63","url":null,"abstract":"In a previous study, a member of Spirochaeta was presumed to cause Akoya oyster disease (AOD), and Candidatus Maribrachyspira akoyae was proposed as the putative causative agent. With the aim of performing an epidemiological study of AOD, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed using the primers designed from shotgun metagenomic sequences identified as having high homology to Spirochaetes genes by a BLAST search. PCR assays with six primer sets produced specific target amplicons (n = 63–67) in pearl oysters collected from five AOD-endemic areas (n = 88), but did not in pearl oysters (n = 36) collected from three AOD-free areas. All individuals (n = 17) with the color index a-value above 3.0, which is an index of AOD development, were positive for all 6 primer sets in PCR. There was a positive correlation between the a-value and the results of PCR. These results show that the previous identification of Spirochaeta as an etiological agent of AOD is reasonable. Sequencing of amplification products confirmed only one nucleotide substitution in the PCR products, suggesting that the pathogenic causative agent of AOD has limited genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75451655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Observation of the Micropyle of Unfertilized and Water-Hardening Rainbow Trout Eggs by Scanning Electron Microscopy","authors":"","doi":"10.3147/jsfp.53.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.53.90","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"9 27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74433656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khallaf, Shino Ogawa, H. Toda, Yuta Matsuura, Ryuichiro Miyazawa, T. Nakanishi
Determination of numbers of T cell subsets in tissues is important to assess the functional maturity of the immune system. The distribution of T cells in lymphoid tissues during ontogenic development has been examined in several fish species using pan-T cell markers. However, information on the age-related changes in the number of T cell subsets in tissues is limited due to the lack of antibodies against CD4 and CD8 in fish. In the present study we examined the percentage dynamics of CD4-1 and CD8α cells in various tissues accompanied with age of ginbuna crucian carp using flow cytometry. We found rapid increases in both CD4-1 and CD8α T cells up until 6 months post-hatch (mph). CD4 and CD8 double-positive cells (DP cells) are present only in the thymus and DP cells increased, while double negative cells decreased, in fish up to 3–6 mph. The percentages of CD4-1 T cells were always higher than those of CD8α T cells in the various tissues examined, except for the thymus and intestine. In contrast, significantly higher percentages of CD8α T cells than CD4-1 T cells were found in the intestine during the period between 6 mph and 2 years post-hatch.
{"title":"Percentage dynamics of CD4-1+ and CD8α+ T cells in different tissues at various developmental stages in ginbuna crucian carp Carassius auratus langsdorfii.","authors":"M. Khallaf, Shino Ogawa, H. Toda, Yuta Matsuura, Ryuichiro Miyazawa, T. Nakanishi","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.10","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of numbers of T cell subsets in tissues is important to assess the functional maturity of the immune system. The distribution of T cells in lymphoid tissues during ontogenic development has been examined in several fish species using pan-T cell markers. However, information on the age-related changes in the number of T cell subsets in tissues is limited due to the lack of antibodies against CD4 and CD8 in fish. In the present study we examined the percentage dynamics of CD4-1 and CD8α cells in various tissues accompanied with age of ginbuna crucian carp using flow cytometry. We found rapid increases in both CD4-1 and CD8α T cells up until 6 months post-hatch (mph). CD4 and CD8 double-positive cells (DP cells) are present only in the thymus and DP cells increased, while double negative cells decreased, in fish up to 3–6 mph. The percentages of CD4-1 T cells were always higher than those of CD8α T cells in the various tissues examined, except for the thymus and intestine. In contrast, significantly higher percentages of CD8α T cells than CD4-1 T cells were found in the intestine during the period between 6 mph and 2 years post-hatch.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"10-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73200280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Sakai, T. Kuwada, Y. Muto, T. Takano, K. Yuasa, N. Oseko
Outbreaks of disease caused by the infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis have been reported in rivers in Japan since 2007. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic analysis between the virulent strain FPC1091 and the less virulent strain FPC1214 to identify virulence factors of E. ictaluri to ayu. In the experimental infection, cumulative mortalities of the ayu intraperitoneally injected with FPC1091 (1.2 × 10 CFU/fish) and FPC1214 (2.2 × 10 CFU/fish) were 100% and 26.7%, respectively. The genetic fingerprint profile of FPC1214 was identical to that of FPC1091 in the amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The analysis of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry between FPC1091 and FPC 1214 revealed 23 proteins that were either specific to or produced in greater amounts in the virulent strain FPC1091. These proteins included components of the type III and type VI secretion systems, and the proteins that seem to be involved in the resistance against oxidative stress by host phagocytic cells, suggesting that these proteins are the virulence factors of E. ictaluri to ayu.
{"title":"Comparative Proteomic Analysis Between Virulent and Less Virulent Strains of Edwardsiella ictaluri Isolated from Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis","authors":"T. Sakai, T. Kuwada, Y. Muto, T. Takano, K. Yuasa, N. Oseko","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.29","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreaks of disease caused by the infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis have been reported in rivers in Japan since 2007. In this study, we performed comparative proteomic analysis between the virulent strain FPC1091 and the less virulent strain FPC1214 to identify virulence factors of E. ictaluri to ayu. In the experimental infection, cumulative mortalities of the ayu intraperitoneally injected with FPC1091 (1.2 × 10 CFU/fish) and FPC1214 (2.2 × 10 CFU/fish) were 100% and 26.7%, respectively. The genetic fingerprint profile of FPC1214 was identical to that of FPC1091 in the amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The analysis of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry between FPC1091 and FPC 1214 revealed 23 proteins that were either specific to or produced in greater amounts in the virulent strain FPC1091. These proteins included components of the type III and type VI secretion systems, and the proteins that seem to be involved in the resistance against oxidative stress by host phagocytic cells, suggesting that these proteins are the virulence factors of E. ictaluri to ayu.","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"50 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87443264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yasumoto, Tsukasa Kabayama, M. Kondo, Y. Takahashi
{"title":"Mass Mortalities of Goldfish Carassius auratus Infected with Clinostomum Metacercariae, Associated with Elevated Water Temperature","authors":"S. Yasumoto, Tsukasa Kabayama, M. Kondo, Y. Takahashi","doi":"10.3147/JSFP.53.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3147/JSFP.53.44","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51052,"journal":{"name":"Fish Pathology","volume":"159 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74200383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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