Pub Date : 2024-12-02DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509869
Shengjie Chen;Xiaoming Liu;Xiaojun Jing;Yuanhao Cui
A wideband quad-port three-dimensional multiple-input--multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for intelligent transportation roadside units is proposed. The MIMO antenna adopts a cube-shaped metal box as its ground, with microstrip patch elements vertically placed on each side of the cube. Therefore, omnidirectional coverage is realized. A concave metal patch is added on the back layer of the dielectric substrate, and two rectangular metal pillars are soldered to both sides of the substrate. These structures significantly improve impedance matching, generating a wideband of 4.69 GHz to 8.92 GHz. Several slots are cut along the edges of the metal box to alter the surface current distribution of the metal, thereby enhancing the port isolation. The interport coupling coefficient is better than −24 dB in the entire frequency range. Particularly, the coupling coefficient is better than −31.2 dB in the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) band [(5.905 to 5.925) GHz]. The microstrip patch antenna measures 15 mm × 13.2 mm × 1.6 mm, and the metal box has a side length of 44 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, indicating a miniaturized design. The envelope correlation coefficient is below 0.002. The diversity gain reaches 9.98 dB. The channel capacity loss is less than 0.4 b/s/Hz.
{"title":"A Wideband Quad-Port 3-D MIMO Antenna Decoupled With DGS Structure for Roadside Units","authors":"Shengjie Chen;Xiaoming Liu;Xiaojun Jing;Yuanhao Cui","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509869","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband quad-port three-dimensional multiple-input--multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for intelligent transportation roadside units is proposed. The MIMO antenna adopts a cube-shaped metal box as its ground, with microstrip patch elements vertically placed on each side of the cube. Therefore, omnidirectional coverage is realized. A concave metal patch is added on the back layer of the dielectric substrate, and two rectangular metal pillars are soldered to both sides of the substrate. These structures significantly improve impedance matching, generating a wideband of 4.69 GHz to 8.92 GHz. Several slots are cut along the edges of the metal box to alter the surface current distribution of the metal, thereby enhancing the port isolation. The interport coupling coefficient is better than −24 dB in the entire frequency range. Particularly, the coupling coefficient is better than −31.2 dB in the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) band [(5.905 to 5.925) GHz]. The microstrip patch antenna measures 15 mm × 13.2 mm × 1.6 mm, and the metal box has a side length of 44 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, indicating a miniaturized design. The envelope correlation coefficient is below 0.002. The diversity gain reaches 9.98 dB. The channel capacity loss is less than 0.4 b/s/Hz.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"616-620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advancement of monopulse radar technology, synthesis of the sum-and-difference patterns (SDPs) for the radome-enclosed arrays has emerged as a pressing area of research. Due to the influence of asymmetric radome, active element patterns of the radome-enclosed linear array (RELA) are completely different. To accurately consider the array-element mutual couplings and array-and-radome interactions, a novel simultaneous synthesis technique for low-sidelobe-level (SLL) SDPs of the RELA with common weights is proposed. First, a nonconvex SDP synthesis problem with the nonconvex constraint and the nonconvex objective function is established. Then, by fixing the reference phases for the sum pattern (SP) radiation far-field and the difference pattern (DP) slope at the target direction, the original nonconvex synthesis problem is transformed into a convex minimum problem, which can be efficiently solved by the convex optimization methods. Finally, a 40-element RELA is implemented, demonstrating that the proposed synthesis technique can be used to simultaneously synthesize SDPs of the RELA with asymmetric active element patterns. The SPs with −25 dB SLL and the DPs with −20 dB SLL are simultaneously synthesized, and the obtained results verify effectiveness of the proposed synthesis technique.
{"title":"Synthesis of Sum-and-Difference Patterns for Radome-Enclosed Linear Arrays With Common Weights Using Convex Optimization","authors":"Wei-Zong Li;Yong-Chang Jiao;Yi-Xuan Zhang;Li Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509618","url":null,"abstract":"With the advancement of monopulse radar technology, synthesis of the sum-and-difference patterns (SDPs) for the radome-enclosed arrays has emerged as a pressing area of research. Due to the influence of asymmetric radome, active element patterns of the radome-enclosed linear array (RELA) are completely different. To accurately consider the array-element mutual couplings and array-and-radome interactions, a novel simultaneous synthesis technique for low-sidelobe-level (SLL) SDPs of the RELA with common weights is proposed. First, a nonconvex SDP synthesis problem with the nonconvex constraint and the nonconvex objective function is established. Then, by fixing the reference phases for the sum pattern (SP) radiation far-field and the difference pattern (DP) slope at the target direction, the original nonconvex synthesis problem is transformed into a convex minimum problem, which can be efficiently solved by the convex optimization methods. Finally, a 40-element RELA is implemented, demonstrating that the proposed synthesis technique can be used to simultaneously synthesize SDPs of the RELA with asymmetric active element patterns. The SPs with −25 dB SLL and the DPs with −20 dB SLL are simultaneously synthesized, and the obtained results verify effectiveness of the proposed synthesis technique.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"607-611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-29DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509473
M. Jawad Saeed;Muhammad M. Tahseen;Ahmed A. Kishk
A low-profile compact ultrawideband (UWB) monopolar antenna for maximizing frequency coverage is proposed. The proposed antenna comprises metallic wire-discone and printed meander-line dipoles. The antenna is designed in CST Microwave Studio for full-wave analysis. A coaxial feed method is employed. The structure is mechanically stable and has a reduced weight for mounting over vehicles. The antenna covers a wide frequency range with more than 4 GHz bandwidth in addition to the 900 MHz GSM band coverage and provides a good omnidirectional radiation pattern. The antenna's performance in the presence of different radome shapes is also investigated. A cost-effective and locally available rectangular plastic radome is used for measurements. The antenna is fabricated and measured in the presence of the radome. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The proposed design is compact with UWB characteristics making it suitable for multiple applications, e.g., GSM, Wi-Fi, WLAN, and vehicular.
{"title":"Compact Multiband Omnidirectional Antenna for Maximizing Frequency Coverage","authors":"M. Jawad Saeed;Muhammad M. Tahseen;Ahmed A. Kishk","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3509473","url":null,"abstract":"A low-profile compact ultrawideband (UWB) monopolar antenna for maximizing frequency coverage is proposed. The proposed antenna comprises metallic wire-discone and printed meander-line dipoles. The antenna is designed in CST Microwave Studio for full-wave analysis. A coaxial feed method is employed. The structure is mechanically stable and has a reduced weight for mounting over vehicles. The antenna covers a wide frequency range with more than 4 GHz bandwidth in addition to the 900 MHz GSM band coverage and provides a good omnidirectional radiation pattern. The antenna's performance in the presence of different radome shapes is also investigated. A cost-effective and locally available rectangular plastic radome is used for measurements. The antenna is fabricated and measured in the presence of the radome. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The proposed design is compact with UWB characteristics making it suitable for multiple applications, e.g., GSM, Wi-Fi, WLAN, and vehicular.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"597-601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508094
Xiaosong Liu;Xianbo Cao;Tao Hong;Wen Jiang
In this letter, a novel inverse design method for metasurfaces (MSs) based on a Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is presented. Compared with other GAN variants, the proposed WGAN-GP significantly improves the stability and robustness of the training process using the Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty to ensure a smoother optimization landscape. Furthermore, Gramian angular difference fields (GADFs) are introduced to transform electromagnetic (EM) responses into 2-D images. GADFs are characterized by capturing repetitive patterns and structures in a 1D sequence, making them particularly suitable for processing periodic phase data. Therefore, meta-atom patterns and their corresponding EM responses form 2-D input-output pairs, allowing the WGAN-GP to inversely design MSs from an image recognition perspective. As a proof-of-concept example, we experimentally demonstrate a bifunctional MS that integrates second-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) and holographic imaging under dual-linearly polarized excitation. The measured results closely align with the simulated results, thereby validating the feasibility of our inverse design strategy.
{"title":"Inverse Design of Bifunctional Metasurfaces Using Improved Generative Adversarial Networks","authors":"Xiaosong Liu;Xianbo Cao;Tao Hong;Wen Jiang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508094","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a novel inverse design method for metasurfaces (MSs) based on a Wasserstein generative adversarial network with a gradient penalty (WGAN-GP) is presented. Compared with other GAN variants, the proposed WGAN-GP significantly improves the stability and robustness of the training process using the Wasserstein distance and gradient penalty to ensure a smoother optimization landscape. Furthermore, Gramian angular difference fields (GADFs) are introduced to transform electromagnetic (EM) responses into 2-D images. GADFs are characterized by capturing repetitive patterns and structures in a 1D sequence, making them particularly suitable for processing periodic phase data. Therefore, meta-atom patterns and their corresponding EM responses form 2-D input-output pairs, allowing the WGAN-GP to inversely design MSs from an image recognition perspective. As a proof-of-concept example, we experimentally demonstrate a bifunctional MS that integrates second-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) and holographic imaging under dual-linearly polarized excitation. The measured results closely align with the simulated results, thereby validating the feasibility of our inverse design strategy.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"582-586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506616
Huajie Cai;Changrong Liu
A compact circularly polarized (CP) loop antenna is designed and experimentally validated for the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band [(2.4 to 2.48) GHz]. The design introduces vias to extend the current path, which meanwhile introduces capacitive coupling of the bending part to the ground, producing good results in reducing the antenna size. Additionally, four corner-mounted square patches, connected to the ground, serve to capacitively and inductively load the antenna, further effectively downsizing its footprint. Compared to previous work, the antenna's metallic components are concentrated at the periphery, making it possible to embed implantable device components inside the antenna, which favors equipment miniaturization. The influence of embedded circuits on antenna performance is studied through simulation. The size of the antenna is 9 mm $ times $ 9 mm $ times $ 0.762 mm, and it achieves simulated impedance bandwidth (IBW) (|S11| < −10 dB) coverage of 2.35 GHz to 2.53 GHz and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) (AR < 3 dB) coverage of 2.44 GHz to 2.48 GHz. The antenna is measured in the minced pork, and the result is consistent with the simulated one.
针对 2.4 GHz 工业、科学和医疗（ISM）频段[(2.4 至 2.48) GHz]设计了一种紧凑型圆极化（CP）环形天线，并进行了实验验证。该设计引入了通孔来扩展电流路径，同时将弯曲部分与地面进行电容耦合，从而在减小天线尺寸方面取得了良好的效果。此外，四个角上安装的方形贴片与地面相连，可对天线进行电容和电感加载，从而进一步有效缩小了天线的占地面积。与之前的研究相比，该天线的金属元件集中在外围，从而有可能在天线内部嵌入植入式设备元件，这有利于设备的小型化。我们通过仿真研究了嵌入式电路对天线性能的影响。天线的尺寸为 9 mm $ times $ 9 mm $ times $ 0.762 mm，模拟阻抗带宽（IBW）（|S11| < -10 dB）覆盖范围为 2.35 GHz 至 2.53 GHz，轴比带宽（ARBW）（AR < 3 dB）覆盖范围为 2.44 GHz 至 2.48 GHz。天线是在碎猪肉中测量的，结果与模拟结果一致。
{"title":"Circularly Polarized Loop Antenna for 2.4 GHz ISM-Band Biotelemetry Devices","authors":"Huajie Cai;Changrong Liu","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506616","url":null,"abstract":"A compact circularly polarized (CP) loop antenna is designed and experimentally validated for the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band [(2.4 to 2.48) GHz]. The design introduces vias to extend the current path, which meanwhile introduces capacitive coupling of the bending part to the ground, producing good results in reducing the antenna size. Additionally, four corner-mounted square patches, connected to the ground, serve to capacitively and inductively load the antenna, further effectively downsizing its footprint. Compared to previous work, the antenna's metallic components are concentrated at the periphery, making it possible to embed implantable device components inside the antenna, which favors equipment miniaturization. The influence of embedded circuits on antenna performance is studied through simulation. The size of the antenna is 9 mm <inline-formula><tex-math>$ times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 9 mm <inline-formula><tex-math>$ times $</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.762 mm, and it achieves simulated impedance bandwidth (IBW) (|<italic>S</i><sub>11</sub>| < −10 dB) coverage of 2.35 GHz to 2.53 GHz and axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) (AR < 3 dB) coverage of 2.44 GHz to 2.48 GHz. The antenna is measured in the minced pork, and the result is consistent with the simulated one.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 2","pages":"509-513"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508024
Yubo Wang;Xinyu Jiang;Pankaj K. Choudhury;Yungui Ma
Frequency-selective absorbers (FSRs) with tunable transmission windows have recently garnered significant attention due to their high stealth performance. However, such an architecture remains susceptible to high-power electromagnetic (EM) wave illumination with broad or variable frequencies. To address this issue, we propose a temporal modulation-based smart FSR with the transmission window being either spectrally tunable or completely blocked, depending on practical needs. We demonstrated the switch between a typical FSR and a broadband absorber on a microsecond time scale using our alternative current (ac) bias network. Experimentally, a compact C-band reconfigurable FSR with wideband low reflection (< −10 dB) in 4 GHz to 8 GHz and a highly movable transmission window across the entire band was achieved. By applying a small ac bias voltage, we showed that the transmission can be significantly suppressed with good numerical and experimental agreement. We also discussed the influences of biasing voltage and wave incident conditions. This work reveals the potential of temporal modulation in constructing compact metamaterial FSRs for comprehensive wave manipulation and device applications.
{"title":"Temporally Controlled Switchable Microwave Rasorbers","authors":"Yubo Wang;Xinyu Jiang;Pankaj K. Choudhury;Yungui Ma","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3508024","url":null,"abstract":"Frequency-selective absorbers (FSRs) with tunable transmission windows have recently garnered significant attention due to their high stealth performance. However, such an architecture remains susceptible to high-power electromagnetic (EM) wave illumination with broad or variable frequencies. To address this issue, we propose a temporal modulation-based smart FSR with the transmission window being either spectrally tunable or completely blocked, depending on practical needs. We demonstrated the switch between a typical FSR and a broadband absorber on a microsecond time scale using our alternative current (ac) bias network. Experimentally, a compact C-band reconfigurable FSR with wideband low reflection (< −10 dB) in 4 GHz to 8 GHz and a highly movable transmission window across the entire band was achieved. By applying a small ac bias voltage, we showed that the transmission can be significantly suppressed with good numerical and experimental agreement. We also discussed the influences of biasing voltage and wave incident conditions. This work reveals the potential of temporal modulation in constructing compact metamaterial FSRs for comprehensive wave manipulation and device applications.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"577-581"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-28DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507950
Chujun Liang;Wanchen Yang;Quan Xue;Wenquan Che;Hang Wong
A lower-band (LB) dual-polarized dipole antenna with wideband high-transparent characteristics based on frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed. In order to achieve flexible expansion of transparent bands, four U-shaped stubs are symmetrically loaded on the square ring-shaped arm of LB dipole. Thus, the LB arms can be perceived as the band-pass FSS structure at a higher band (HB) with not only one transmission pole but also two transmission zeros, for which the transparent band can be flexibly regulated and finally a wide passband of 1.7 GHz to 2.75 GHz with high transmission coefficient of over −0.5 dB is easily generated by just one-layer structure. Subsequently, the newly designed LB dipole operating at 0.69 GHz to 0.96 GHz (32.7%) is used to construct a dual-band shared-aperture array, where 2 × 2 HB antennas operating at 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz (45.5%) are located beneath it. The simulated results agree well with the measured ones, and the performances of LB and HB antennas in the array are consistent with those working alone, indicating the slight mutual interference between the two antennas, which significantly guarantees the dual-band radiation under the same aperture.
{"title":"Wideband High-Transparent Dipole Antenna Based on Frequency Selective Surface and Its Applications in Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Array","authors":"Chujun Liang;Wanchen Yang;Quan Xue;Wenquan Che;Hang Wong","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507950","url":null,"abstract":"A lower-band (LB) dual-polarized dipole antenna with wideband high-transparent characteristics based on frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed. In order to achieve flexible expansion of transparent bands, four U-shaped stubs are symmetrically loaded on the square ring-shaped arm of LB dipole. Thus, the LB arms can be perceived as the band-pass FSS structure at a higher band (HB) with not only one transmission pole but also two transmission zeros, for which the transparent band can be flexibly regulated and finally a wide passband of 1.7 GHz to 2.75 GHz with high transmission coefficient of over −0.5 dB is easily generated by just one-layer structure. Subsequently, the newly designed LB dipole operating at 0.69 GHz to 0.96 GHz (32.7%) is used to construct a dual-band shared-aperture array, where 2 × 2 HB antennas operating at 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz (45.5%) are located beneath it. The simulated results agree well with the measured ones, and the performances of LB and HB antennas in the array are consistent with those working alone, indicating the slight mutual interference between the two antennas, which significantly guarantees the dual-band radiation under the same aperture.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"572-576"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506573
Wei Dong Gu;Yao Zhang
In this letter, a broadband dual linearly polarized (LP) and a circularly polarized (CP) filtering antenna are proposed. These two antennas are designed based on the same approach by incorporating the coupled meander-line and split-ring line into the crossed-dipole antenna. By coupling a pair of meander-lines to the cross-dipole arms, specific controllable radiation nulls are generated. To ensure a high frequency selectivity level, a split-ring line is then coupled to the L-shaped balun feeding structure. This design method is first applied in a dual LP antenna, which realizes an impedance bandwidth of about 46.3% [(1.69 to 2.71) GHz], an average realized gain of about 7.5 dBi and a more than 30 dB suppression level. Then, this method is deployed to design a CP dipole antenna that achieves an overlapping bandwidth (impedance and axial ratio bandwidth) of about 44.2% [(1.5 to 2.35) GHz], an average realized gain of about 7.4 dBic and a more than 18 dB suppression level. These coupled lines are inserted into the antenna structure without increasing the antenna overall size and height. This work presents a general method for base-station antenna designers to develop filtering dipole antennas, which could be useful for Antenna and Propagation Society.
{"title":"A Type of Dual/Circularly Polarized Filtering Dipole Antenna Design Based on Coupled Lines","authors":"Wei Dong Gu;Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506573","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a broadband dual linearly polarized (LP) and a circularly polarized (CP) filtering antenna are proposed. These two antennas are designed based on the same approach by incorporating the coupled meander-line and split-ring line into the crossed-dipole antenna. By coupling a pair of meander-lines to the cross-dipole arms, specific controllable radiation nulls are generated. To ensure a high frequency selectivity level, a split-ring line is then coupled to the L-shaped balun feeding structure. This design method is first applied in a dual LP antenna, which realizes an impedance bandwidth of about 46.3% [(1.69 to 2.71) GHz], an average realized gain of about 7.5 dBi and a more than 30 dB suppression level. Then, this method is deployed to design a CP dipole antenna that achieves an overlapping bandwidth (impedance and axial ratio bandwidth) of about 44.2% [(1.5 to 2.35) GHz], an average realized gain of about 7.4 dBic and a more than 18 dB suppression level. These coupled lines are inserted into the antenna structure without increasing the antenna overall size and height. This work presents a general method for base-station antenna designers to develop filtering dipole antennas, which could be useful for Antenna and Propagation Society.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 2","pages":"489-493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507196
Xin Ma;Lin Hu;Chongyao Ning;Deshuang Zhao;Bing-Zhong Wang
In intracavity microwave power transfer (MPT) applications, receiver rotations cause fluctuations and a decrease in over-the-air (OTA) efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an intracavity MPT system incorporating metasurfaces that are programmable in both phase and polarization. Programmable metasurfaces (PMS) manipulate both the reflection phase and the polarization direction of microwaves within the cavity, thereby altering the electric field strength and polarization direction at the receiver. Subsequently, we develop an adaptive receiver orientation algorithm that integrates genetic algorithms with time reversal (TR) theory to optimize the PMS pattern. For experimental validation, an intracavity MPT system, incorporating 147 meta-atoms and operating at 2.4 GHz, was designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results indicate that our system achieved an improvement of at least 11 dB in the OTA efficiency, reaching an efficiency of 13% or more at the measurement orientation, compared to systems using a fixed PMS pattern. This improvement significantly enhances the robustness of the intracavity MPT system against variations in receiver orientation.
{"title":"Adaptive Receiver Orientation Intracavity Microwave Power Transfer Using Programmable Metasurfaces","authors":"Xin Ma;Lin Hu;Chongyao Ning;Deshuang Zhao;Bing-Zhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2024.3507196","url":null,"abstract":"In intracavity microwave power transfer (MPT) applications, receiver rotations cause fluctuations and a decrease in over-the-air (OTA) efficiency. To address this issue, we propose an intracavity MPT system incorporating metasurfaces that are programmable in both phase and polarization. Programmable metasurfaces (PMS) manipulate both the reflection phase and the polarization direction of microwaves within the cavity, thereby altering the electric field strength and polarization direction at the receiver. Subsequently, we develop an adaptive receiver orientation algorithm that integrates genetic algorithms with time reversal (TR) theory to optimize the PMS pattern. For experimental validation, an intracavity MPT system, incorporating 147 meta-atoms and operating at 2.4 GHz, was designed, fabricated, and tested. Experimental results indicate that our system achieved an improvement of at least 11 dB in the OTA efficiency, reaching an efficiency of 13% or more at the measurement orientation, compared to systems using a fixed PMS pattern. This improvement significantly enhances the robustness of the intracavity MPT system against variations in receiver orientation.","PeriodicalId":51059,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters","volume":"24 3","pages":"557-561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143553384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-27DOI: 10.1109/LAWP.2024.3506581
Ze Yu;Chang Chen;Weidong Chen;Xiang Zhang;Xiaolin Zhang
The antenna array loaded with complex-amplitude metasurface (MS) is reported to realize a cosecant squared beam. A novel MS unit-cell is proposed to independently manipulate the amplitude and phase of the transmissive linearly polarized electromagnetic wave simultaneously. The unit-cell consists of two metallic patterned layers printed on both sides of a substrate, and it has a profile height of only 2 mm (about 0.07λ). Further, it can achieve amplitude modulation from 0.2 to 1.0 with almost constant phase by rotating the metallic patterns, and phase modulation covers 360° by adjusting the radius of the patterns. In addition, a novel method for forming the cosecant squared beam based on the MS has been proposed. The transmissive amplitude and phase distributions of the MS are calculated to match the designed goals obtained by the genetic algorithm (GA), and a cosecant squared beam can be generated by loading the proposed MS on the antenna array. The proposed method is numerically and experimentally verified by a 10-unit line array loaded with the proposed MS, and the maximum gain of the antenna at 10.5 GHz is 11.9 dBi (about 16.4% aperture efficiency). The antenna can also achieve sidelobe level (SLL) lower −14.5 dB at 10.5 GHz with cross polarization below −7.2 dB. The cosecant squared patterns can be efficiently generated over a wide bandwidth from 10.1 GHz to 10.8 GHz (about 6.7%).
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