Hans Christian Correa-Aguado, G. V. Cerrillo-Rojas, M. M. Aguilera Flores, Sergio Zavala Castillo, J. F. Morales-Domínguez
Abstract Microalgae oil has great potential to address the growing energy demand and dependence on fossil fuels. However, the multilayered cell walls of microalgae hinder efficient extraction and enhanced lipid recovery. In this study, we develop a novel protocol based on near infrared-assisted extraction (NIRAE) technology to extract efficiently total lipids from Scenedesmus obliquus. Under a greener solvent extraction approach, the effect of nine non-polar/polar solvent systems in various ratios on lipid yield was tested, and the results were compared with Soxhlet, Folch, and Bligh–Dyer methods. The highest oil yields were NIRAE 15.43%, and Soxhlet 22.24%, using AcoEt/MeOH (1:2 v/v). For Folch and Bligh–Dyer, 9.11 and 10%, respectively. The optimized NIRAE conditions obtained using response surface methodology (RSM): 43.8 min, solvent/biomass 129.90:1 (m/v), and AcOEt/MeOH 0.57:2.43 (v/v) increased the oil yield significantly to 24.20%. In contrast to conventional methods, the overall optimized NIRAE process satisfied the requirements of a green extraction because of the simple and safe operation, less solvent toxicity, lower extraction time, and solvent and energy consumption.
{"title":"Optimized infrared-assisted extraction to obtain total lipid from microalgae Scenedesmus obliquus: a green approach","authors":"Hans Christian Correa-Aguado, G. V. Cerrillo-Rojas, M. M. Aguilera Flores, Sergio Zavala Castillo, J. F. Morales-Domínguez","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0107","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microalgae oil has great potential to address the growing energy demand and dependence on fossil fuels. However, the multilayered cell walls of microalgae hinder efficient extraction and enhanced lipid recovery. In this study, we develop a novel protocol based on near infrared-assisted extraction (NIRAE) technology to extract efficiently total lipids from Scenedesmus obliquus. Under a greener solvent extraction approach, the effect of nine non-polar/polar solvent systems in various ratios on lipid yield was tested, and the results were compared with Soxhlet, Folch, and Bligh–Dyer methods. The highest oil yields were NIRAE 15.43%, and Soxhlet 22.24%, using AcoEt/MeOH (1:2 v/v). For Folch and Bligh–Dyer, 9.11 and 10%, respectively. The optimized NIRAE conditions obtained using response surface methodology (RSM): 43.8 min, solvent/biomass 129.90:1 (m/v), and AcOEt/MeOH 0.57:2.43 (v/v) increased the oil yield significantly to 24.20%. In contrast to conventional methods, the overall optimized NIRAE process satisfied the requirements of a green extraction because of the simple and safe operation, less solvent toxicity, lower extraction time, and solvent and energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"549 - 563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47434570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Bai, Hao Li, Wenmeng Ling, P. Zheng, Pan Li, Chun-Yuan Chang
Abstract In this work, the process parameters of batch hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen residue were optimized with the yield of bio-oil as reference, including reaction temperature, residence time and initial pressure. According to the experimental results, the bio-oil yield of kitchen residue was the highest (39.73%) under the reaction conditions of 6 MPa, 300 °C and 30 min. The elemental content and components of bio-oil were characterized by organic element analyzer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The surface and structural properties of biochar were detected and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and surface area and porosity analyzer.
{"title":"Optimization of hydrothermal liquefaction process for bio-oil products from kitchen residue under subcritical conditions","authors":"Jing Bai, Hao Li, Wenmeng Ling, P. Zheng, Pan Li, Chun-Yuan Chang","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0195","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this work, the process parameters of batch hydrothermal liquefaction of kitchen residue were optimized with the yield of bio-oil as reference, including reaction temperature, residence time and initial pressure. According to the experimental results, the bio-oil yield of kitchen residue was the highest (39.73%) under the reaction conditions of 6 MPa, 300 °C and 30 min. The elemental content and components of bio-oil were characterized by organic element analyzer and gas chromatography/mass spectrometer. The surface and structural properties of biochar were detected and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope and surface area and porosity analyzer.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47301740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Juárez Romero, Irán Rivera, Isaac Justine Canela Sánchez, Nancy Isamar Ortega Mojica, A. Huicochea, Javier Delgado Gonzaga
Abstract The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of a rough-textured evaporator applied to a single-stage absorption heat transformer for water desalination (SAHT-WD). The stainless-steel evaporator was subjected to an abrasive material release treatment (sandblast texture) to provide a texture that fosters phase change heat transfer compared to a smooth surface. To determine the performance of the evaporator, the evaluation has been divided into an experimental and a theoretical analysis. The experimental analysis focused on determining the operating conditions that favor the performance of the evaporator and the SAHT-WD. For the theoretical analysis, a mathematical model was developed to predict the wetting efficiency and the heat-transfer coefficients of the evaporator. To quantify the improvement in the performance of the rough-surface evaporator, the experimental results were compared with those reported in a reference work. The results indicate that the sandblasted texture improved the performance of the evaporator as well as that of the SAHT-WD. The results of the mathematical model suggest that the rough tube improved the wetting efficiency of the evaporator.
{"title":"Evaluation of a rough-surface evaporator applied to an absorption heat transformer for water desalination","authors":"David Juárez Romero, Irán Rivera, Isaac Justine Canela Sánchez, Nancy Isamar Ortega Mojica, A. Huicochea, Javier Delgado Gonzaga","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0113","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of a rough-textured evaporator applied to a single-stage absorption heat transformer for water desalination (SAHT-WD). The stainless-steel evaporator was subjected to an abrasive material release treatment (sandblast texture) to provide a texture that fosters phase change heat transfer compared to a smooth surface. To determine the performance of the evaporator, the evaluation has been divided into an experimental and a theoretical analysis. The experimental analysis focused on determining the operating conditions that favor the performance of the evaporator and the SAHT-WD. For the theoretical analysis, a mathematical model was developed to predict the wetting efficiency and the heat-transfer coefficients of the evaporator. To quantify the improvement in the performance of the rough-surface evaporator, the experimental results were compared with those reported in a reference work. The results indicate that the sandblasted texture improved the performance of the evaporator as well as that of the SAHT-WD. The results of the mathematical model suggest that the rough tube improved the wetting efficiency of the evaporator.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"537 - 547"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42379444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Pirouzfar, Fariba Mohamadkhani, N. Van Nguyen, C. Su
Abstract Many of the modern refineries are founded on converting/upgrading the heavy bases of low value to lighter products by higher added value like gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. In this work, some process configurations in heavy refinery cracking, converting and treating are technically and economically evaluated. In this purpose, four process configurations for refinery plants are suggested. These processes are evaluated and analyzed to obtain the most optimal configurations with the aim of achieving the most valuable refinery products. The difference of the processes is in heavy residue conversion and processing. These processes are included the Asphalt Air Blowing Unit (AABU, Type 1), Delayed Coker Unit (DCU, Type 2), Heavy Residue Hydro-Conversion (HRH, Type 3) and Solvent De-Asphalting (SDA, Type 4). The units are common in mentioned refineries cases and just ABU, HCU, DCU, HRH and SDA are different. In economic consideration, the payout period is considered as one of the standard methods of assessing the economic projects and economically estimating them. As results, the highest rate of gasoline is recorded in the refinery type of DCU unit and the highest amount of LPG/C4/C3, kerosene and gasoline production observed in refinery type of HRH unit. The construction of refinery with ABU unit has minimum investment (980 million $) and highest rate of return (19.4).
{"title":"The technical and economic analysis of processing and conversion of heavy oil cuts to valuable refinery products","authors":"V. Pirouzfar, Fariba Mohamadkhani, N. Van Nguyen, C. Su","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many of the modern refineries are founded on converting/upgrading the heavy bases of low value to lighter products by higher added value like gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel. In this work, some process configurations in heavy refinery cracking, converting and treating are technically and economically evaluated. In this purpose, four process configurations for refinery plants are suggested. These processes are evaluated and analyzed to obtain the most optimal configurations with the aim of achieving the most valuable refinery products. The difference of the processes is in heavy residue conversion and processing. These processes are included the Asphalt Air Blowing Unit (AABU, Type 1), Delayed Coker Unit (DCU, Type 2), Heavy Residue Hydro-Conversion (HRH, Type 3) and Solvent De-Asphalting (SDA, Type 4). The units are common in mentioned refineries cases and just ABU, HCU, DCU, HRH and SDA are different. In economic consideration, the payout period is considered as one of the standard methods of assessing the economic projects and economically estimating them. As results, the highest rate of gasoline is recorded in the refinery type of DCU unit and the highest amount of LPG/C4/C3, kerosene and gasoline production observed in refinery type of HRH unit. The construction of refinery with ABU unit has minimum investment (980 million $) and highest rate of return (19.4).","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41904988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shanlin Du, G. Lv, Wenhui Ma, Guan-Wen Gu, Boqiang Fu
Abstract In this article, the Eulerian–Eulerian TFM model is used to simulate the fluidization of the synthesis process of organosilicon monomers. A new method for analyzing the gas-solid fluidization characteristics is proposed by combining the gas-solid two-phase flow evolution formula with the parameters such as particle concentration and bed voidage. On this basis, the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles at constant velocity and variable velocity are compared, and the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles with different particle sizes under five sets of variable velocity are discussed. The simulation results show that compared with constant velocity, the mean bed voidage is 0.55 when silicon particles adopt variable velocity, which can not only keep silicon particles fully fluidized but also improve the problem of poor gas-solid contact. For silicon particles with particle diameters of 300.1–515 μm, variable velocity fluidization has the advantages of uniform bed distribution and sufficient gas-solid fluidization. In the five groups of variable velocity function, when the inlet gas velocity and time are the quadratic functions of the opening upward, the fluctuation of pressure fluctuation is small, and the maximum fluctuation range of particle solid phase distribution is only 0.13, indicating that the heat and mass transfer efficiency between silicon particles is better, the gas-solid mixing is sufficient, and the gas-solid fluidization quality is better.
{"title":"Effect of inlet gas velocity on gas-solid fluidization characteristics in fluidized bed","authors":"Shanlin Du, G. Lv, Wenhui Ma, Guan-Wen Gu, Boqiang Fu","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0226","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the Eulerian–Eulerian TFM model is used to simulate the fluidization of the synthesis process of organosilicon monomers. A new method for analyzing the gas-solid fluidization characteristics is proposed by combining the gas-solid two-phase flow evolution formula with the parameters such as particle concentration and bed voidage. On this basis, the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles at constant velocity and variable velocity are compared, and the fluidization characteristics of silicon powder particles with different particle sizes under five sets of variable velocity are discussed. The simulation results show that compared with constant velocity, the mean bed voidage is 0.55 when silicon particles adopt variable velocity, which can not only keep silicon particles fully fluidized but also improve the problem of poor gas-solid contact. For silicon particles with particle diameters of 300.1–515 μm, variable velocity fluidization has the advantages of uniform bed distribution and sufficient gas-solid fluidization. In the five groups of variable velocity function, when the inlet gas velocity and time are the quadratic functions of the opening upward, the fluctuation of pressure fluctuation is small, and the maximum fluctuation range of particle solid phase distribution is only 0.13, indicating that the heat and mass transfer efficiency between silicon particles is better, the gas-solid mixing is sufficient, and the gas-solid fluidization quality is better.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44304886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariana Rodríguez-Jara, Carlos E. Ramírez-Castelan, Quetzalli Samano-Perfecto, L. Ricardez‐Sandoval, H. Puebla
Abstract Microalgae are used to produce renewable biofuels and high-value components and in bioremediation and CO2 sequestration tasks. These increasing applications, in conjunction with a desirable constant large-scale productivity, motivate the development and application of practical controllers. This paper addresses the application of robust control schemes for microalgae cultivation in continuous photobioreactors. Due to the model uncertainties and external perturbations, robust control designs are required to guarantee the desired microalgae productivity. Furthermore, simple controller designs are desirable for practical implementation purposes. Therefore, two robust control designs are applied and evaluated in this paper for two relevant case studies of microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors. The first control design is based on an enhanced simple-input output model with uncertain estimation. The second control design is the robust nonlinear model predictive control considering different uncertain scenarios. Numerical simulations of two case studies aimed at lipid production and CO2 capture under different conditions are presented to evaluate the robust closed-loop performance.
{"title":"Robust control designs for microalgae cultivation in continuous photobioreactors","authors":"Mariana Rodríguez-Jara, Carlos E. Ramírez-Castelan, Quetzalli Samano-Perfecto, L. Ricardez‐Sandoval, H. Puebla","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Microalgae are used to produce renewable biofuels and high-value components and in bioremediation and CO2 sequestration tasks. These increasing applications, in conjunction with a desirable constant large-scale productivity, motivate the development and application of practical controllers. This paper addresses the application of robust control schemes for microalgae cultivation in continuous photobioreactors. Due to the model uncertainties and external perturbations, robust control designs are required to guarantee the desired microalgae productivity. Furthermore, simple controller designs are desirable for practical implementation purposes. Therefore, two robust control designs are applied and evaluated in this paper for two relevant case studies of microalgae cultivation in photobioreactors. The first control design is based on an enhanced simple-input output model with uncertain estimation. The second control design is the robust nonlinear model predictive control considering different uncertain scenarios. Numerical simulations of two case studies aimed at lipid production and CO2 capture under different conditions are presented to evaluate the robust closed-loop performance.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"521 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45101490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mario Alberto Pérez-Méndez, Guadalupe Selene Fraga-Cruz, Gladys Jiménez-García, R. Huirache-Acuña, Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera, R. Maya-Yescas
Abstract Over 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions are due to the combustion of fossil fuels for electric energy generation. Albeit CO2 capture and storage have been identified as promissory actions to mitigate its emissions, the problem separating N2 and CO2 remains. A very effective solution for the former problem is to obtain the combustion CO2 as a pure molecule, which is possible using the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) technology, which uses a solid oxygen carrier to transport the oxygen from an oxidating media (regeneration reactor) to a reducing media (combustion reactor). One of the key issues to apply CLC is to find or develop some material, suitable from the kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, for the reduction-oxidation cycles taking place inside combustion and regenerator reactors. The evaluation of “oxygen carrier” candidates for CLC is based on reactivity (rates and conversions), resistance to carbon accumulation, and “regenerability”, which means the ability of the material for cyclic reduction and oxidation. Another challenging issue to use CLC processes is the loss of oxygen carrier; this problem involves the use of supported metals on materials, such as zirconia, Al2O3, etc. Preparation of this kind of supported carriers requires time, money, and equipment. Meanwhile, the natural mineral ore named ilmenite, which consists of a mixture of iron and titanium oxides, and do not need to be supported, has been seen as promising to increase CLC efficiency as oxygen carrier. In this work, the performance of ilmenite is compared with some other oxygen carriers used in CLC.
{"title":"Macroscopic analysis of chemical looping combustion with ilmenite versus conventional oxides as oxygen carriers","authors":"Mario Alberto Pérez-Méndez, Guadalupe Selene Fraga-Cruz, Gladys Jiménez-García, R. Huirache-Acuña, Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera, R. Maya-Yescas","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over 40% of global energy-related CO2 emissions are due to the combustion of fossil fuels for electric energy generation. Albeit CO2 capture and storage have been identified as promissory actions to mitigate its emissions, the problem separating N2 and CO2 remains. A very effective solution for the former problem is to obtain the combustion CO2 as a pure molecule, which is possible using the Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) technology, which uses a solid oxygen carrier to transport the oxygen from an oxidating media (regeneration reactor) to a reducing media (combustion reactor). One of the key issues to apply CLC is to find or develop some material, suitable from the kinetic and thermodynamic points of view, for the reduction-oxidation cycles taking place inside combustion and regenerator reactors. The evaluation of “oxygen carrier” candidates for CLC is based on reactivity (rates and conversions), resistance to carbon accumulation, and “regenerability”, which means the ability of the material for cyclic reduction and oxidation. Another challenging issue to use CLC processes is the loss of oxygen carrier; this problem involves the use of supported metals on materials, such as zirconia, Al2O3, etc. Preparation of this kind of supported carriers requires time, money, and equipment. Meanwhile, the natural mineral ore named ilmenite, which consists of a mixture of iron and titanium oxides, and do not need to be supported, has been seen as promising to increase CLC efficiency as oxygen carrier. In this work, the performance of ilmenite is compared with some other oxygen carriers used in CLC.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"511 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A type of MCM-41 supported dual imidazolium ionic liquids have been synthesized and efficiently used as catalysts in the sustainable chemical conversion of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates. It was shown that the highest efficiency was achieved in the cycloaddition of a variety of epoxides and CO2 in the presence of the MCM-41@DILSCN solid catalyst under mild conditions. More interestingly, the catalyst was stable, very active, robust, and displayed good recyclability without significant loss of catalytic activity after six consecutive cycles during the process. Overall, the present protocol of synthesizing cyclic carbonates under solvent free conditions using MCM-41@DILSCN is promising for industrial applications.
{"title":"Environmentally sustainable synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 promoted by MCM-41 supported dual imidazolium ionic liquids catalysts","authors":"Y. Hu, Zhijuan Sun","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0210","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A type of MCM-41 supported dual imidazolium ionic liquids have been synthesized and efficiently used as catalysts in the sustainable chemical conversion of CO2 and epoxides into cyclic carbonates. It was shown that the highest efficiency was achieved in the cycloaddition of a variety of epoxides and CO2 in the presence of the MCM-41@DILSCN solid catalyst under mild conditions. More interestingly, the catalyst was stable, very active, robust, and displayed good recyclability without significant loss of catalytic activity after six consecutive cycles during the process. Overall, the present protocol of synthesizing cyclic carbonates under solvent free conditions using MCM-41@DILSCN is promising for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43384450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The poor mixing caused by zinc powder deposition in purification process is a serious problem which can’t be avoided in treatment of zinc-containing solid waste. Here, to enhance the purification efficiency of zinc-containing solid waste treatment reactor, two kinds of multi-blade combined stirring systems are compared with single layer four straight-blade and double-layer straight-blade (DFB) stirring systems which are traditionally chosen by industry. This study simulated and explored the flow field characteristics and purification effects of these four kinds of stirred-tank reactor, further proposes the unit ion purification energy (UIPE) as a criterion for purification energy consumption and effect evaluation. The results show that multi-blade combined (MBC) stirring system enhances axial flow by 12.56% in water. Meanwhile it effectively inhibits the growth of isolated mixing region which scope has decreased by 56.25%. In high viscosity Carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, the fluid axial speed can be increased by up to 1407 times with MBC. MBC can increase the purification rate by 24.79% while the UIPE decreases by 29.45% compared with DFB which is used in industrial purification process. MBC paddle has exhibited a wide range of fluid viscosity applicability and axial velocity improvement effect. The improvement increases collisions between the impurity particles and the zinc powder particles, which increased rate of substitution reactions. The application of MBC solves the purification problem in the process of treating zinc-containing solid waste.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigations on enhancement mixing performance of multi-blade stirring system for fluids with different viscosities","authors":"Qiyang Zhang, Shibo Wang, Hua Wang, Jianxin Xu, Chunlin Li, Q. Xiao","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0151","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The poor mixing caused by zinc powder deposition in purification process is a serious problem which can’t be avoided in treatment of zinc-containing solid waste. Here, to enhance the purification efficiency of zinc-containing solid waste treatment reactor, two kinds of multi-blade combined stirring systems are compared with single layer four straight-blade and double-layer straight-blade (DFB) stirring systems which are traditionally chosen by industry. This study simulated and explored the flow field characteristics and purification effects of these four kinds of stirred-tank reactor, further proposes the unit ion purification energy (UIPE) as a criterion for purification energy consumption and effect evaluation. The results show that multi-blade combined (MBC) stirring system enhances axial flow by 12.56% in water. Meanwhile it effectively inhibits the growth of isolated mixing region which scope has decreased by 56.25%. In high viscosity Carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution, the fluid axial speed can be increased by up to 1407 times with MBC. MBC can increase the purification rate by 24.79% while the UIPE decreases by 29.45% compared with DFB which is used in industrial purification process. MBC paddle has exhibited a wide range of fluid viscosity applicability and axial velocity improvement effect. The improvement increases collisions between the impurity particles and the zinc powder particles, which increased rate of substitution reactions. The application of MBC solves the purification problem in the process of treating zinc-containing solid waste.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44066729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luis Rene Orozco-Gonzalez, D. Acosta-Najarro, C. Magaña-Zavala, J. A. Tavizón-Pozos, H. Cervantes-Cuevas, G. Chávez-Esquivel
Abstract Single-doped TiO2/FTO and co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films were prepared by sonochemistry and spray pyrolysis deposition on FTO substrates. The co-deposition of TiO2-VO2 on FTO significantly changed the morphological, structural, optical, and photocatalytical properties compared to the single-deposition. X-ray diffraction and HRTEM results showed polycrystalline film structures composed of SnO2-tetragonal from FTO, anatase-TiO2, rutile-TiO2, and monoclinic-VO2 phases. The co-deposition technique increases the particle size distribution by approximately two times compared to simple deposition. The single-doped TiO2/FTO thin film had a 15% higher bandgap than the co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin film, and the electrical resistivity calculated from the van der Pauw method was 55.3 MΩ sq−1 for the TiO2-VO2/FTO co-doped thin film, 2.7 times lower than that obtained for the TiO2/FTO thin film. Single-doped TiO2/FTO and co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films presented pseudo-first-order reactions at pH 6.5, with kinetic constants of 0.026 and 0.015 min−1, respectively. This behavior is related to the production of inactive or less active aggregates by the addition of vanadium during the co-doping process, which led to lattice contraction, which encouraged the formation of the rutile phase rather than the anatase phase. However, the co-doped thin film can modify the metal-insulator transition compared to the single-doped TiO2/FTO thin film. Furthermore, co-deposition decreased the bandgap value by 16% compared to single-deposition thin film. In this sense, co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers and the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of naproxen.
{"title":"Photocatalytic degradation of naproxen using single-doped TiO2/FTO and co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films synthesized by sonochemistry","authors":"Luis Rene Orozco-Gonzalez, D. Acosta-Najarro, C. Magaña-Zavala, J. A. Tavizón-Pozos, H. Cervantes-Cuevas, G. Chávez-Esquivel","doi":"10.1515/ijcre-2022-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2022-0109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Single-doped TiO2/FTO and co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films were prepared by sonochemistry and spray pyrolysis deposition on FTO substrates. The co-deposition of TiO2-VO2 on FTO significantly changed the morphological, structural, optical, and photocatalytical properties compared to the single-deposition. X-ray diffraction and HRTEM results showed polycrystalline film structures composed of SnO2-tetragonal from FTO, anatase-TiO2, rutile-TiO2, and monoclinic-VO2 phases. The co-deposition technique increases the particle size distribution by approximately two times compared to simple deposition. The single-doped TiO2/FTO thin film had a 15% higher bandgap than the co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin film, and the electrical resistivity calculated from the van der Pauw method was 55.3 MΩ sq−1 for the TiO2-VO2/FTO co-doped thin film, 2.7 times lower than that obtained for the TiO2/FTO thin film. Single-doped TiO2/FTO and co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films presented pseudo-first-order reactions at pH 6.5, with kinetic constants of 0.026 and 0.015 min−1, respectively. This behavior is related to the production of inactive or less active aggregates by the addition of vanadium during the co-doping process, which led to lattice contraction, which encouraged the formation of the rutile phase rather than the anatase phase. However, the co-doped thin film can modify the metal-insulator transition compared to the single-doped TiO2/FTO thin film. Furthermore, co-deposition decreased the bandgap value by 16% compared to single-deposition thin film. In this sense, co-doped TiO2-VO2/FTO thin films inhibited the recombination of photogenerated carriers and the formation of reactive oxygen species involved in the photocatalytic degradation of naproxen.","PeriodicalId":51069,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"493 - 510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45982584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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