Ensemble model use in stock assessment is increasing, yet guidance on construction and an evaluation of performance relative to single models is lacking. Ensemble models can characterize structural uncertainty and avoid the conundrum of selecting a “best” assessment model when alternative models explain observed data equally well. Through simulation, we explore the importance of identifying candidate models for both assessment and short-term forecasts and the consequences of different ensemble weighting methods on estimated quantities. Ensemble performance exceeded a single best model only when the set of candidate models spanned the true model configuration. Accuracy and precision depended on the model weighting scheme, and varied between two case studies investigating the impact of catch accuracy. Information theoretic weighting methods performed well in the case study with accurate catch, while equal weighting performed best when catch was underreported. In both cases, equal weighting produced multimodality. Ensuring that an ensemble spans the true state of nature will be challenging, but we observed that a change in sign of Mohn’s rho across candidate models coincided with the true OM being bounded. Further development of protocols to select an objective and balanced set of candidate models, and diagnostics to assess adequacy of candidates are recommended.
在种群评估中使用集合模式的情况越来越多，但缺乏有关构建的指导，也缺乏相对于单一模式的性能评估。集合模型可以描述结构的不确定性，避免在其他模型同样能解释观测数据的情况下选择 "最佳 "评估模型的难题。通过模拟，我们探讨了为评估和短期预测确定候选模型的重要性，以及不同的集合加权方法对估计量的影响。只有当候选模型集跨越真实模型配置时，集合性能才会超过单一最佳模型。准确度和精确度取决于模型加权方案，并且在调查捕获精度影响的两个案例研究中各不相同。信息理论加权法在渔获量准确的案例研究中表现良好，而等权法在渔获量报告不足的情况下表现最佳。在这两种情况下，等权重都能产生多模态。确保集合跨越真实的自然状态将是一项挑战，但我们观察到，候选模型中莫恩 rho 的符号变化与真实 OM 的边界相吻合。我们建议进一步制定方案，以选择一组客观、平衡的候选模型，并制定诊断方法来评估候选模型的适当性。
{"title":"Simulation testing performance of ensemble models when catch data are underreported","authors":"Elizabeth N Brooks, Jon K T Brodziak","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae067","url":null,"abstract":"Ensemble model use in stock assessment is increasing, yet guidance on construction and an evaluation of performance relative to single models is lacking. Ensemble models can characterize structural uncertainty and avoid the conundrum of selecting a “best” assessment model when alternative models explain observed data equally well. Through simulation, we explore the importance of identifying candidate models for both assessment and short-term forecasts and the consequences of different ensemble weighting methods on estimated quantities. Ensemble performance exceeded a single best model only when the set of candidate models spanned the true model configuration. Accuracy and precision depended on the model weighting scheme, and varied between two case studies investigating the impact of catch accuracy. Information theoretic weighting methods performed well in the case study with accurate catch, while equal weighting performed best when catch was underreported. In both cases, equal weighting produced multimodality. Ensuring that an ensemble spans the true state of nature will be challenging, but we observed that a change in sign of Mohn’s rho across candidate models coincided with the true OM being bounded. Further development of protocols to select an objective and balanced set of candidate models, and diagnostics to assess adequacy of candidates are recommended.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141165913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Cresci, Steven Degraer, Guosong Zhang, Jennifer Dannheim, Howard I Browman
Stakeholders need scientific advice on the environmental impacts of offshore wind (OW) before the facilities are installed. The utility of conventional environmental monitoring methods as a basis for forecasting OW impacts is limited because they do not explain the causes of the observed effects. We propose a multistep approach, based on process-oriented hypothesis testing, targeted monitoring and numerical modeling, to answer key stakeholder questions about planning an OW facility: Q1—Where do we place future OW farms so that impacts on the ecosystem are minimized? Q2—Which species and ecosystem processes will be impacted and to what degree? Q3—Can we mitigate impacts and, if so, how? and Q4—What are the risks of placing an OW facility in one location vs. another? Hypothesis testing can be used to assess impacts of OW facilities on target species-ecological process. This knowledge is transferable and is broadly applicable, a priori, to assess suitable locations for OW (Q1). Hypothesis testing can be combined with monitoring methods to guide targeted monitoring. The knowledge generated can identify the species/habitats at risk (Q2), help selecting/developing mitigation measures (Q3), and be used as input parameters for models to forecast OW impacts at a large spatial scale (Q1; Q4).
{"title":"Answering the key stakeholder questions about the impact of offshore wind farms on marine life using hypothesis testing to inform targeted monitoring","authors":"Alessandro Cresci, Steven Degraer, Guosong Zhang, Jennifer Dannheim, Howard I Browman","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae066","url":null,"abstract":"Stakeholders need scientific advice on the environmental impacts of offshore wind (OW) before the facilities are installed. The utility of conventional environmental monitoring methods as a basis for forecasting OW impacts is limited because they do not explain the causes of the observed effects. We propose a multistep approach, based on process-oriented hypothesis testing, targeted monitoring and numerical modeling, to answer key stakeholder questions about planning an OW facility: Q1—Where do we place future OW farms so that impacts on the ecosystem are minimized? Q2—Which species and ecosystem processes will be impacted and to what degree? Q3—Can we mitigate impacts and, if so, how? and Q4—What are the risks of placing an OW facility in one location vs. another? Hypothesis testing can be used to assess impacts of OW facilities on target species-ecological process. This knowledge is transferable and is broadly applicable, a priori, to assess suitable locations for OW (Q1). Hypothesis testing can be combined with monitoring methods to guide targeted monitoring. The knowledge generated can identify the species/habitats at risk (Q2), help selecting/developing mitigation measures (Q3), and be used as input parameters for models to forecast OW impacts at a large spatial scale (Q1; Q4).","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After three decades of working as a research scientist, I am stepping back to consider the events, questions, and principles that have guided my scientific journey. Important questions and research objectives have been how to implement the ecosystem approach to fisheries management in practice, the development of new data uses, the application of new observation methods and models, and estimating and accounting for uncertainty. Stakeholder engagement—why and how—is a topic that has increased in importance over time. While our observation methods did not change much over many decades, they are now changing rapidly due to new technological developments, but also societal and environmental changes.
{"title":"Contributing to ecosystem-based management: a personal scientific journey","authors":"Verena M Trenkel","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae065","url":null,"abstract":"After three decades of working as a research scientist, I am stepping back to consider the events, questions, and principles that have guided my scientific journey. Important questions and research objectives have been how to implement the ecosystem approach to fisheries management in practice, the development of new data uses, the application of new observation methods and models, and estimating and accounting for uncertainty. Stakeholder engagement—why and how—is a topic that has increased in importance over time. While our observation methods did not change much over many decades, they are now changing rapidly due to new technological developments, but also societal and environmental changes.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlie D Ellis, Josephine R Paris, Tom L Jenkins, Marnix R van Stralen, Nathalie A Steins, Jildou Schotanus, Jamie R Stevens
Identifying isolated populations is a key step towards enacting effective conservation management. European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) from Oosterschelde in the Netherlands are subject to fishery pressure and have previously been reported as genetically differentiated. They are also putatively of transplanted origin and have subsequently endured recent bottlenecking and environmental change. We assessed Oosterschelde lobsters to evaluate their demographic independence and appraise potential founder effects and evolutionary responses to isolation. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, we genotyped 6185 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 188 individuals from 27 sites across the Atlantic range of H. gammarus to investigate population genetic diversity, structure, and potential adaptation. Our results show that Oosterschelde lobsters are genetically divergent from other stocks. We evidence extensive differentiation via both neutral and outlier loci, indicative of strong biophysical and demographic isolation, and detect signatures of reduced genetic diversity that may reflect weak founder effects or subsequent population contractions. Among outlier loci, we identify candidates for range-wide local adaptation via variants in genes of important biological functionality and link a private allele of Oosterschelde to a locus potentially conveying adaptive tolerance to environmental hypoxia. Given our findings, we advise proactive monitoring of Oosterschelde lobsters to explore whether existing management measures effectively conserve this discrete, self-recruiting population.
{"title":"Genetic divergence and adaptation of an isolated European lobster population in the Netherlands","authors":"Charlie D Ellis, Josephine R Paris, Tom L Jenkins, Marnix R van Stralen, Nathalie A Steins, Jildou Schotanus, Jamie R Stevens","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae059","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying isolated populations is a key step towards enacting effective conservation management. European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) from Oosterschelde in the Netherlands are subject to fishery pressure and have previously been reported as genetically differentiated. They are also putatively of transplanted origin and have subsequently endured recent bottlenecking and environmental change. We assessed Oosterschelde lobsters to evaluate their demographic independence and appraise potential founder effects and evolutionary responses to isolation. Using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, we genotyped 6185 single nucleotide polymorphisms across 188 individuals from 27 sites across the Atlantic range of H. gammarus to investigate population genetic diversity, structure, and potential adaptation. Our results show that Oosterschelde lobsters are genetically divergent from other stocks. We evidence extensive differentiation via both neutral and outlier loci, indicative of strong biophysical and demographic isolation, and detect signatures of reduced genetic diversity that may reflect weak founder effects or subsequent population contractions. Among outlier loci, we identify candidates for range-wide local adaptation via variants in genes of important biological functionality and link a private allele of Oosterschelde to a locus potentially conveying adaptive tolerance to environmental hypoxia. Given our findings, we advise proactive monitoring of Oosterschelde lobsters to explore whether existing management measures effectively conserve this discrete, self-recruiting population.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Offshore wind farms have recently emerged as a renewable energy solution. However, the long-term impacts of wind turbine noise on fish chorusing phenology are largely unknown. We deployed a hydrophone 10 m from a foremost turbine in Taiwan situated at the Miaoli offshore wind farm (Taiwan Strait) for two years to investigate sound levels and assess the potential influence of turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing patterns during 2017 and 2018. Wind turbine noise (measured in the 20–250 Hz frequency band) was significantly higher in autumn and winter (mean SPL: 138–143 dB re 1 μPa) and was highly correlated with wind speed (r = 0.76, P < 0.001). During both years, fish chorusing exhibited a consistent trend, that is, beginning in spring, peaking in summer, decreasing in autumn, and absent in winter. Our results show the noise from a single turbine during the two-year monitoring period did not influence the seasonal fish chorusing (r = −0.17, P ≈ 1). Since the offshore wind farm installations are growing in magnitude and capacity across the Taiwan Strait, this study for the first time provides baseline operational sound levels and an understanding of the fish seasonal vocalization behavior at the foremost turbine of the first wind farm in Taiwan. The results presented here provide useful insights for policymakers and constitute a reference starting point for advancing knowledge on the possible effects of wind turbines on fish chorusing in the studied area.
{"title":"Assessing the influence of offshore wind turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing","authors":"Shashidhar Siddagangaiah, Chi- Fang Chen, Wei-Chun Hu, Tomonari Akamatsu, Nadia Pieretti","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae061","url":null,"abstract":"Offshore wind farms have recently emerged as a renewable energy solution. However, the long-term impacts of wind turbine noise on fish chorusing phenology are largely unknown. We deployed a hydrophone 10 m from a foremost turbine in Taiwan situated at the Miaoli offshore wind farm (Taiwan Strait) for two years to investigate sound levels and assess the potential influence of turbine noise on seasonal fish chorusing patterns during 2017 and 2018. Wind turbine noise (measured in the 20–250 Hz frequency band) was significantly higher in autumn and winter (mean SPL: 138–143 dB re 1 μPa) and was highly correlated with wind speed (r = 0.76, P &lt; 0.001). During both years, fish chorusing exhibited a consistent trend, that is, beginning in spring, peaking in summer, decreasing in autumn, and absent in winter. Our results show the noise from a single turbine during the two-year monitoring period did not influence the seasonal fish chorusing (r = −0.17, P ≈ 1). Since the offshore wind farm installations are growing in magnitude and capacity across the Taiwan Strait, this study for the first time provides baseline operational sound levels and an understanding of the fish seasonal vocalization behavior at the foremost turbine of the first wind farm in Taiwan. The results presented here provide useful insights for policymakers and constitute a reference starting point for advancing knowledge on the possible effects of wind turbines on fish chorusing in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"125 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charlotte Lambert, Jacopo G Cecere, Federico De Pascalis, David Grémillet
Distance sampling surveys are extensively used to estimate the abundance of wide-ranging species but are prone to detection biases. This may be particularly acute for strip-transect protocols, which assume perfect detection. We examined this assumption by quantifying the detection probability of a declining seabird (Scopoli’s shearwater, Calonectris diomedea), with particular attention to time of day and observation conditions at sea. We found detection probability was negatively affected by sun glare but positively by cloud cover and considerably dropped during mid-day hours due to circadian changes in behaviour (reduced detectability while resting). This result urges for systematically assessing and correcting detection bias when using strip-transect data to derive abundance information. Here, we did so by building a detection-corrected presence-absence ensemble model and combining it with a compilation of colony sizes and locations. A Monte-Carlo simulation ensured uncertainty propagation within and across data sources. The corrected abundance map showed shearwaters were largely prevalent in the central Mediterranean, Tunisia hosting most of the population both at sea and at colonies (45% of the global population; 79% of breeding pairs). This first accurate map is an essential conservation tool, emphasizing the importance of transnational actions for such species, that know no political boundaries.
{"title":"Correcting detection bias in mapping the abundance of marine megafauna using a Mediterranean seabird as an example","authors":"Charlotte Lambert, Jacopo G Cecere, Federico De Pascalis, David Grémillet","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae058","url":null,"abstract":"Distance sampling surveys are extensively used to estimate the abundance of wide-ranging species but are prone to detection biases. This may be particularly acute for strip-transect protocols, which assume perfect detection. We examined this assumption by quantifying the detection probability of a declining seabird (Scopoli’s shearwater, Calonectris diomedea), with particular attention to time of day and observation conditions at sea. We found detection probability was negatively affected by sun glare but positively by cloud cover and considerably dropped during mid-day hours due to circadian changes in behaviour (reduced detectability while resting). This result urges for systematically assessing and correcting detection bias when using strip-transect data to derive abundance information. Here, we did so by building a detection-corrected presence-absence ensemble model and combining it with a compilation of colony sizes and locations. A Monte-Carlo simulation ensured uncertainty propagation within and across data sources. The corrected abundance map showed shearwaters were largely prevalent in the central Mediterranean, Tunisia hosting most of the population both at sea and at colonies (45% of the global population; 79% of breeding pairs). This first accurate map is an essential conservation tool, emphasizing the importance of transnational actions for such species, that know no political boundaries.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara L Langille, Tony Kess, Cameron M Nugent, Amber Messmer, Steven J Duffy, Tim Martin Knutsen, Matthew Kent, Danny Boyce, Robert S Gregory, Johanne Gauthier, Elizabeth A Fairchild, Michael Pietrak, Stephen Eddy, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Sofia Consuegra, Ben Whittaker, Paul Bentzen, Ian R Bradbury
In marine species with large populations and high dispersal potential, large-scale genetic differences and clinal trends in allele frequency can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that shape diversity. Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, is found throughout the North Atlantic and has traditionally been harvested for roe and more recently used as a cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture. We used a 70 K SNP array to evaluate trans-Atlantic differentiation, genetic structuring, and clinal variation across the North Atlantic. Basin-scale structuring between the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic was significant, with enrichment for loci associated with developmental/mitochondrial function. We identified a putative structural variant on chromosome 2, likely contributing to differentiation between Northeast and Northwest Atlantic Lumpfish, and consistent with post-glacial trans-Atlantic secondary contact. Redundancy analysis identified climate associations both in the Northeast (N = 1269 loci) and Northwest (N = 1637 loci), with 103 shared loci between them. Clinal patterns in allele frequencies were observed in some loci (15%—Northwest and 5%—Northeast) of which 708 loci were shared and involved with growth, developmental processes, and locomotion. The combined evidence of trans-Atlantic differentiation, environmental associations, and clinal loci, suggests that both regional and large-scale potentially-adaptive population structuring is present across the North Atlantic.
在种群数量大、扩散潜力高的海洋物种中，等位基因频率的大规模遗传差异和宗族趋势可以让人们深入了解形成多样性的进化过程。鳞鱼（Cyclopterus lumpus）分布于整个北大西洋，传统上被用来捕捞鱼子，最近被用作鲑鱼养殖中的清洁鱼。我们使用 70 K SNP 阵列来评估北大西洋的跨大西洋分化、遗传结构和宗族变异。东北大西洋和西北大西洋之间的海盆尺度结构差异显著，与发育/半知子体功能相关的基因座富集。我们在 2 号染色体上发现了一个假定的结构变异，这可能是造成东北大西洋和西北大西洋鳞鱼分化的原因，也与冰川期后跨大西洋的二次接触相一致。冗余分析确定了东北部（N = 1269 个位点）和西北部（N = 1637 个位点）的气候关联，它们之间有 103 个共享位点。在一些位点（西北部占 15%，东北部占 5%）中观察到了等位基因频率的宗族模式，其中 708 个位点与生长、发育过程和运动有关。跨大西洋分化、环境关联和宗族位点的综合证据表明，整个北大西洋存在着区域性和大规模的潜在适应性种群结构。
{"title":"Trans-Atlantic genomic differentiation and parallel environmental and allelic variation in Lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus )","authors":"Barbara L Langille, Tony Kess, Cameron M Nugent, Amber Messmer, Steven J Duffy, Tim Martin Knutsen, Matthew Kent, Danny Boyce, Robert S Gregory, Johanne Gauthier, Elizabeth A Fairchild, Michael Pietrak, Stephen Eddy, Carlos Garcia de Leaniz, Sofia Consuegra, Ben Whittaker, Paul Bentzen, Ian R Bradbury","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae057","url":null,"abstract":"In marine species with large populations and high dispersal potential, large-scale genetic differences and clinal trends in allele frequency can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that shape diversity. Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, is found throughout the North Atlantic and has traditionally been harvested for roe and more recently used as a cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture. We used a 70 K SNP array to evaluate trans-Atlantic differentiation, genetic structuring, and clinal variation across the North Atlantic. Basin-scale structuring between the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic was significant, with enrichment for loci associated with developmental/mitochondrial function. We identified a putative structural variant on chromosome 2, likely contributing to differentiation between Northeast and Northwest Atlantic Lumpfish, and consistent with post-glacial trans-Atlantic secondary contact. Redundancy analysis identified climate associations both in the Northeast (N = 1269 loci) and Northwest (N = 1637 loci), with 103 shared loci between them. Clinal patterns in allele frequencies were observed in some loci (15%—Northwest and 5%—Northeast) of which 708 loci were shared and involved with growth, developmental processes, and locomotion. The combined evidence of trans-Atlantic differentiation, environmental associations, and clinal loci, suggests that both regional and large-scale potentially-adaptive population structuring is present across the North Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Quintela, Gaute W Seljestad, Geir Dahle, Elvar H Hallfredsson, Katja Enberg, Tom J Langbehn, Eeva Jansson, Kevin A Glover, Jon-Ivar Westgaard
The greater argentine is a benthopelagic fish with a northern amphi-Atlantic and southern Arctic distribution. Landings of this species have been steadily increasing since the early 2000s, mainly for ultra-processed fish food. The rising economic importance of this species begs for an accurate delineation of the management units needed to ensure the sustainability of the fishery. The alignment between management and biological units was investigated on three of the ICES stocks in the NE Atlantic (123a4, 5a14, and 5b6a) by genotyping 88 ad hoc-developed SNPs on 1299 individuals sampled along the Norwegian coast, north of Shetland, around the Faroe Islands, and in the Denmark Strait within Icelandic waters. Candidate loci to positive selection were particularly crucial for units’ delineation and supported the current ICES 5b6a and 5a14 stocks around the Faroe Islands and Iceland, respectively. However, within the third stock investigated, 123a4, which corresponded mainly to the Norwegian coast, the sample from area 3a (Skagerrak) was significantly different from all the remaining in the same stock. This differentiation advocates for reconsideration of the present policy and suggests considering ICES Area 3a (Skagerrak) as an independent management unit. The environmental conditions in the Skagerrak area have left a genetic print on other marine taxa, which could putatively be the case in the greater argentine.
{"title":"Scrutinizing the current management units of the greater argentine in the light of genetic structure","authors":"María Quintela, Gaute W Seljestad, Geir Dahle, Elvar H Hallfredsson, Katja Enberg, Tom J Langbehn, Eeva Jansson, Kevin A Glover, Jon-Ivar Westgaard","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae055","url":null,"abstract":"The greater argentine is a benthopelagic fish with a northern amphi-Atlantic and southern Arctic distribution. Landings of this species have been steadily increasing since the early 2000s, mainly for ultra-processed fish food. The rising economic importance of this species begs for an accurate delineation of the management units needed to ensure the sustainability of the fishery. The alignment between management and biological units was investigated on three of the ICES stocks in the NE Atlantic (123a4, 5a14, and 5b6a) by genotyping 88 ad hoc-developed SNPs on 1299 individuals sampled along the Norwegian coast, north of Shetland, around the Faroe Islands, and in the Denmark Strait within Icelandic waters. Candidate loci to positive selection were particularly crucial for units’ delineation and supported the current ICES 5b6a and 5a14 stocks around the Faroe Islands and Iceland, respectively. However, within the third stock investigated, 123a4, which corresponded mainly to the Norwegian coast, the sample from area 3a (Skagerrak) was significantly different from all the remaining in the same stock. This differentiation advocates for reconsideration of the present policy and suggests considering ICES Area 3a (Skagerrak) as an independent management unit. The environmental conditions in the Skagerrak area have left a genetic print on other marine taxa, which could putatively be the case in the greater argentine.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua T Carloni, Richard A Wahle, David M Fields, Paul Geoghegan, Burton Shank
We build on previous research describing correlative links between changes in the abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a foundational zooplankton species of the pelagic food web, and diminishing recruitment of young-of-year American lobster (Homarus americanus) to benthic nurseries in the Gulf of Maine. Using parallel 31-year time series of lobster larvae and zooplankton collected on the New Hampshire coast between 1988 and 2018, we investigated how changes in phenology of stage I larval lobster and their putative copepod prey, C. finmarchicus, affect their temporal overlap and potential to interact during the larval season. We found that over the time series both the lobster egg hatch and first appearance of larvae began earlier in the season, a trend significantly correlated with ocean warming. The last appearance of larvae in late summer has been delayed, however, thereby extending the larval season. Even with the longer larval lobster season, the C. finmarchicus season has increasingly been ending before the peak abundance of stage I lobster larvae. The net effect is a widening mismatch in phenology of the two species, an outcome consistent with the hypothesis that changes in abundance and phenology of C. finmarchicus have contributed to recent declines in lobster recruitment.
桡足类(Calanus finmarchicus)是中上层食物网的基础浮游动物物种，我们在之前的研究基础上，描述了桡足类丰度变化与缅因湾底栖苗圃中美国龙虾（Homarus americanus）幼年招募量减少之间的相关联系。利用 1988 年至 2018 年期间在新罕布什尔州海岸采集的龙虾幼体和浮游动物的 31 年平行时间序列，我们研究了 I 期幼体龙虾和它们的假定桡足类猎物栉水母（C. finmarchicus）的物候变化如何影响它们在幼体季节的时间重叠和相互作用潜力。我们发现，在时间序列中，龙虾卵孵化和幼体首次出现的季节都提前了，这一趋势与海洋变暖密切相关。不过，夏末幼体最后一次出现的时间有所推迟，从而延长了幼体生长期。即使龙虾幼体出现的季节延长了，长须鳕幼体出现的季节也越来越多地在 I 期龙虾幼体丰产高峰期之前结束。最终的结果是这两个物种的物候不匹配现象不断扩大，这一结果与长尾鳕丰度和物候的变化导致近期龙虾招募量下降的假设相一致。
{"title":"Diverging phenology of American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae and their zooplankton prey in a warming ocean","authors":"Joshua T Carloni, Richard A Wahle, David M Fields, Paul Geoghegan, Burton Shank","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae051","url":null,"abstract":"We build on previous research describing correlative links between changes in the abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus, a foundational zooplankton species of the pelagic food web, and diminishing recruitment of young-of-year American lobster (Homarus americanus) to benthic nurseries in the Gulf of Maine. Using parallel 31-year time series of lobster larvae and zooplankton collected on the New Hampshire coast between 1988 and 2018, we investigated how changes in phenology of stage I larval lobster and their putative copepod prey, C. finmarchicus, affect their temporal overlap and potential to interact during the larval season. We found that over the time series both the lobster egg hatch and first appearance of larvae began earlier in the season, a trend significantly correlated with ocean warming. The last appearance of larvae in late summer has been delayed, however, thereby extending the larval season. Even with the longer larval lobster season, the C. finmarchicus season has increasingly been ending before the peak abundance of stage I lobster larvae. The net effect is a widening mismatch in phenology of the two species, an outcome consistent with the hypothesis that changes in abundance and phenology of C. finmarchicus have contributed to recent declines in lobster recruitment.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geir Pedersen, Espen Johnsen, Babak Khodabandeloo, Nils Olav Handegard
Broadband frequency-modulated signals are believed to improve acoustic spectral-based target classification. Efficient use of uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) for fisheries science applications, with no possibility for biological sampling, is believed to be facilitated by use of broadband signals with methods for target classification. If the broadband frequency response used to train automated target classifiers are obtained from conventional research vessels (RVs), due to potential vessel avoidance, the swimming angle distribution may be different than for USVs. This may have consequences for target classification if the model is trained with RV data. The aim of this study was to assess whether the frequency response differs between platforms due to avoidance. Broadband acoustic data were collected with a conventional RV and a small USV. The broadband frequency response of Norwegian spring spawning herring obtained with the USV and RV was found to be significantly different for shallow herring layers in the 200 kHz band. This indicates that broadband frequency response has potential as a tool for real-time monitoring of behaviour reactions to vessels and to provide insight into fish behaviour in general. When using broadband frequency response for target classification, the potential platform-dependent broadband frequency response should be considered.
{"title":"Broadband backscattering by Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) differs when measured from a research vessel vs. a silent uncrewed surface vehicle","authors":"Geir Pedersen, Espen Johnsen, Babak Khodabandeloo, Nils Olav Handegard","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae048","url":null,"abstract":"Broadband frequency-modulated signals are believed to improve acoustic spectral-based target classification. Efficient use of uncrewed surface vehicles (USV) for fisheries science applications, with no possibility for biological sampling, is believed to be facilitated by use of broadband signals with methods for target classification. If the broadband frequency response used to train automated target classifiers are obtained from conventional research vessels (RVs), due to potential vessel avoidance, the swimming angle distribution may be different than for USVs. This may have consequences for target classification if the model is trained with RV data. The aim of this study was to assess whether the frequency response differs between platforms due to avoidance. Broadband acoustic data were collected with a conventional RV and a small USV. The broadband frequency response of Norwegian spring spawning herring obtained with the USV and RV was found to be significantly different for shallow herring layers in the 200 kHz band. This indicates that broadband frequency response has potential as a tool for real-time monitoring of behaviour reactions to vessels and to provide insight into fish behaviour in general. When using broadband frequency response for target classification, the potential platform-dependent broadband frequency response should be considered.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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