In an ever-changing environment, detecting shifts in the spatial distribution of marine fish and understanding the relative importance of climate change and biotic factors impacting fish distributions can improve fisheries management. Coincident with the significant increase in Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) abundance to a historically high levels on Georges Bank (GB) in the last decade, extreme ocean temperature increase was also observed in this region. In this study, the possible seasonal and inter-annual spatial distribution changes of haddock were investigated with >50 years of bottom trawl survey data collected in spring and fall on GB. These data were analyzed using models with spatial, different temporal, and spatio-temporal autocorrelation structures. To characterize the directional changes in haddock spatial distribution, the Center of Gravity (CG) and Area of Occupancy (AO) in each season were estimated from the best model selected by Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The results showed substantial range expansion/contraction and distribution changes in both spring and fall over time. The relative role of density dependence, age structure, and climate change in affecting haddock distribution was evaluated using a generalized additive model (GAM). It was found that density-dependent habitat selection made the greatest contribution to the variations of AO in both seasons, which is consistent with the MacCall’s Basin model theory. Rising ocean temperatures played a major role in shaping a northward distribution shift in fall. GB is the southern edge of haddock distribution in the Northwest Atlantic, continued warming from climate model projections in the next 50 years in this region could make it difficult to define stock boundaries between GB and adjacent Canadian and US domestic management areas. This would subsequently impact fishery management of haddock.
{"title":"Density-dependent habitat selection and warming determine the spatial distribution of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on Georges Bank","authors":"Yanjun Wang, Jin Gao, Quinn McCurdy","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae054","url":null,"abstract":"In an ever-changing environment, detecting shifts in the spatial distribution of marine fish and understanding the relative importance of climate change and biotic factors impacting fish distributions can improve fisheries management. Coincident with the significant increase in Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) abundance to a historically high levels on Georges Bank (GB) in the last decade, extreme ocean temperature increase was also observed in this region. In this study, the possible seasonal and inter-annual spatial distribution changes of haddock were investigated with >50 years of bottom trawl survey data collected in spring and fall on GB. These data were analyzed using models with spatial, different temporal, and spatio-temporal autocorrelation structures. To characterize the directional changes in haddock spatial distribution, the Center of Gravity (CG) and Area of Occupancy (AO) in each season were estimated from the best model selected by Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The results showed substantial range expansion/contraction and distribution changes in both spring and fall over time. The relative role of density dependence, age structure, and climate change in affecting haddock distribution was evaluated using a generalized additive model (GAM). It was found that density-dependent habitat selection made the greatest contribution to the variations of AO in both seasons, which is consistent with the MacCall’s Basin model theory. Rising ocean temperatures played a major role in shaping a northward distribution shift in fall. GB is the southern edge of haddock distribution in the Northwest Atlantic, continued warming from climate model projections in the next 50 years in this region could make it difficult to define stock boundaries between GB and adjacent Canadian and US domestic management areas. This would subsequently impact fishery management of haddock.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140624576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Professor Abby Smith grew up in New England loving the ocean, and in due course became a marine scientist. From the vantage point of nearing retirement after over 30 years in the game, she reflects here on where she came from, people who helped along the journey, and what she learned.
{"title":"Places to go, people to know, things to learn","authors":"Abigail M Smith","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae050","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Abby Smith grew up in New England loving the ocean, and in due course became a marine scientist. From the vantage point of nearing retirement after over 30 years in the game, she reflects here on where she came from, people who helped along the journey, and what she learned.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140617288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Halvor Knutsen, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Marte Sodeland, Per Erik Jorde, Thomas Wernberg, Rebekah Oomen, Even Moland
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List identifies threatened and endangered species and is a key instrument in global biodiversity conservation efforts. Our understanding of the structure and value of genetic biodiversity below the species level is rapidly increasing. Nonetheless, the IUCN assessment criteria overlook genetic variation within species. Here, we address this blind spot and discuss the principles of species conservation status classification relative to intraspecific biodiversity. We focus on coastal species, which thrive in heterogeneous environments known to drive genetic differentiation. The focal example species, Atlantic cod and sugar kelp, have contrasting life histories, are ecologically and economically important constituents of the coastal ecosystem, and are currently not classified as threatened in Norway and Canada. We expose important variation in population structure, the presence of ecotypes and genetic-environment covariation, as well as loss of ecotypes that threatens the conservation of these species. Because the genetic makeup of species directly influences their resilience, omitting this information from conservation status assessments can result in loss of adaptive capacity to future stressors, such as climate change. Consequently, recognizing and preserving intraspecific variation emerges as vital for species’ abilities to adapt to and survive in future ocean conditions.
{"title":"The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List does not account for intraspecific diversity","authors":"Kjell Magnus Norderhaug, Halvor Knutsen, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Marte Sodeland, Per Erik Jorde, Thomas Wernberg, Rebekah Oomen, Even Moland","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae039","url":null,"abstract":"The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List identifies threatened and endangered species and is a key instrument in global biodiversity conservation efforts. Our understanding of the structure and value of genetic biodiversity below the species level is rapidly increasing. Nonetheless, the IUCN assessment criteria overlook genetic variation within species. Here, we address this blind spot and discuss the principles of species conservation status classification relative to intraspecific biodiversity. We focus on coastal species, which thrive in heterogeneous environments known to drive genetic differentiation. The focal example species, Atlantic cod and sugar kelp, have contrasting life histories, are ecologically and economically important constituents of the coastal ecosystem, and are currently not classified as threatened in Norway and Canada. We expose important variation in population structure, the presence of ecotypes and genetic-environment covariation, as well as loss of ecotypes that threatens the conservation of these species. Because the genetic makeup of species directly influences their resilience, omitting this information from conservation status assessments can result in loss of adaptive capacity to future stressors, such as climate change. Consequently, recognizing and preserving intraspecific variation emerges as vital for species’ abilities to adapt to and survive in future ocean conditions.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agathe Dumont, Antoine Duparc, Philippe S Sabarros, David M Kaplan
Bycatch rates are essential to estimating fishery impacts and making management decisions, but data on bycatch are often limited. Tropical tuna purse seine (PS) fisheries catch numerous bycatch species, including vulnerable silky sharks. Even if bycatch proportion is relatively low, impacts on pelagic ecosystems may be important due to the large size of these fisheries. Partial observer coverage of bycatch is a major impediment to assessing impacts. Here we develop a generic Δ modeling approach for predicting catch of four major bycatch species, including silky sharks, in floating object-associated fishing sets of the French Indian Ocean PS fleet from 2011 to 2018 based on logbook and observer data. Cross-validation and variable selection are used to identify optimal models consisting of a random forest model for presence–absence and a negative binomial general-additive model for abundance when present. Though models explain small to moderate amounts of variance (5–15%), they outperform a simpler approach commonly used for reporting, and they allow us to estimate total annual bycatch for the four species with robust estimates of uncertainty. Interestingly, uncertainty relative to mean catch is lower for top predators than forage species, consistent with these species having similar behavior and ecological niches to tunas.
{"title":"Modeling bycatch abundance in tropical tuna purse seine fisheries on floating objects using the Δ method","authors":"Agathe Dumont, Antoine Duparc, Philippe S Sabarros, David M Kaplan","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae043","url":null,"abstract":"Bycatch rates are essential to estimating fishery impacts and making management decisions, but data on bycatch are often limited. Tropical tuna purse seine (PS) fisheries catch numerous bycatch species, including vulnerable silky sharks. Even if bycatch proportion is relatively low, impacts on pelagic ecosystems may be important due to the large size of these fisheries. Partial observer coverage of bycatch is a major impediment to assessing impacts. Here we develop a generic Δ modeling approach for predicting catch of four major bycatch species, including silky sharks, in floating object-associated fishing sets of the French Indian Ocean PS fleet from 2011 to 2018 based on logbook and observer data. Cross-validation and variable selection are used to identify optimal models consisting of a random forest model for presence–absence and a negative binomial general-additive model for abundance when present. Though models explain small to moderate amounts of variance (5–15%), they outperform a simpler approach commonly used for reporting, and they allow us to estimate total annual bycatch for the four species with robust estimates of uncertainty. Interestingly, uncertainty relative to mean catch is lower for top predators than forage species, consistent with these species having similar behavior and ecological niches to tunas.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"169 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I recount my personal history, beginning as a young fisherman, becoming an academic fisheries biologist, and ultimately a leader of institutions dedicated to marine and polar research, higher education, and advising policymakers. After my dissertation in the early 1990s, I embarked on an active research career at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway, developing a sonar method to estimate the abundance of schooling, pelagic fish. My career then transitioned to middle leadership—15 years as Section Leader and Research Director at IMR—followed by >10 years as a top leader for The University Centre in Svalbard, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, and finally the Norwegian Polar Institute. I describe the major challenges, opportunities, and processes these leadership roles have entailed. I hope to send a positive message about the influential role of science, and the necessity of clear communication of results and advice at a time when there is a sense of urgency.
{"title":"Why should scientists lead? To underpin policy on marine and polar ecosystems","authors":"Ole Arve Misund","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae045","url":null,"abstract":"I recount my personal history, beginning as a young fisherman, becoming an academic fisheries biologist, and ultimately a leader of institutions dedicated to marine and polar research, higher education, and advising policymakers. After my dissertation in the early 1990s, I embarked on an active research career at the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Bergen, Norway, developing a sonar method to estimate the abundance of schooling, pelagic fish. My career then transitioned to middle leadership—15 years as Section Leader and Research Director at IMR—followed by >10 years as a top leader for The University Centre in Svalbard, the National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, and finally the Norwegian Polar Institute. I describe the major challenges, opportunities, and processes these leadership roles have entailed. I hope to send a positive message about the influential role of science, and the necessity of clear communication of results and advice at a time when there is a sense of urgency.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marine biodiversity monitoring is a complex task given the vast ocean areas to be covered, the types of data to be integrated, and the large number of possible parameters to consider when measuring biodiversity change. International agreements, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or the recently adopted ‘BBNJ treaty’protecting biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ), encourage states to monitor marine life both within and beyond their national waters to foster marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. While oceanographers in general, and marine biologists in particular, are aware of the challenges and complexities of measuring biodiversity in the ocean, the politics of marine biodiversity monitoring and the added value of social science perspectives tend to be neglected. This story from the frontline describes our experiences with turning marine biodiversity monitoring into an object of social science inquiry. The MARIPOLDATA project developed an innovative multi-sited approach to capture both the politics and practices of monitoring marine life. During our research, we were confronted with a diversity of perspectives and expectations of what monitoring is, how it works, why it should be done, and whom it should serve. By adopting a mixed-method approach and collecting data at different epistemic sites (negotiation rooms, scientific fields, laboratories, and conferences), we tried to cut through some of the observed ambiguities and trends. We conclude that studying monitoring necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and a sensitivity for the regional, institutional, and cultural specificities and inequalities that shape how we know and govern the ocean.
{"title":"The social science side of marine biodiversity monitoring","authors":"Alice B M Vadrot, Krystel Wanneau","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae041","url":null,"abstract":"Marine biodiversity monitoring is a complex task given the vast ocean areas to be covered, the types of data to be integrated, and the large number of possible parameters to consider when measuring biodiversity change. International agreements, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) or the recently adopted ‘BBNJ treaty’protecting biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ), encourage states to monitor marine life both within and beyond their national waters to foster marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. While oceanographers in general, and marine biologists in particular, are aware of the challenges and complexities of measuring biodiversity in the ocean, the politics of marine biodiversity monitoring and the added value of social science perspectives tend to be neglected. This story from the frontline describes our experiences with turning marine biodiversity monitoring into an object of social science inquiry. The MARIPOLDATA project developed an innovative multi-sited approach to capture both the politics and practices of monitoring marine life. During our research, we were confronted with a diversity of perspectives and expectations of what monitoring is, how it works, why it should be done, and whom it should serve. By adopting a mixed-method approach and collecting data at different epistemic sites (negotiation rooms, scientific fields, laboratories, and conferences), we tried to cut through some of the observed ambiguities and trends. We conclude that studying monitoring necessitates a multidisciplinary approach and a sensitivity for the regional, institutional, and cultural specificities and inequalities that shape how we know and govern the ocean.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jhen Hsu, Yi-Jay Chang, Jon Brodziak, Mikihiko Kai, André E Punt
Determining how resilient a stock-recruitment relationship is to environmental variation is crucial for fisheries management. Steepness is a key factor characterizing the resilience of a fish stock and, hence, for establishing management reference points. This study estimates the distribution of steepness for Pacific saury using a simulation approach based on evolutionary ecology and reproductive biology, and how it changes in response to environmental change. The median estimated steepness is 0.82 (80% probable range 0.59, 0.93) based on the best available biological information, which suggests that Pacific saury can produce a relatively high proportion of unfished recruitment when depleted to 20% of unfished spawning biomass. Elasticity analysis indicates that steepness for Pacific saury is most sensitive to the survival rate of early life stages, mean body weight, growth, and length-at-maturity. Environmental change could substantially impact steepness, with unfavorable conditions related to survival rates, length-at-maturity, mean body weight, and growth potentially leading to a reduction in resilience. Understanding these impacts is crucial for the assessment and management of Pacific saury. Our numerical simulation approach provides an analytical tool applicable for calculating the steepness distribution in other small pelagic fish influenced by increases in sea surface temperature due to global warming.
{"title":"On the probable distribution of stock-recruitment resilience of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the Northwest Pacific Ocean","authors":"Jhen Hsu, Yi-Jay Chang, Jon Brodziak, Mikihiko Kai, André E Punt","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae030","url":null,"abstract":"Determining how resilient a stock-recruitment relationship is to environmental variation is crucial for fisheries management. Steepness is a key factor characterizing the resilience of a fish stock and, hence, for establishing management reference points. This study estimates the distribution of steepness for Pacific saury using a simulation approach based on evolutionary ecology and reproductive biology, and how it changes in response to environmental change. The median estimated steepness is 0.82 (80% probable range 0.59, 0.93) based on the best available biological information, which suggests that Pacific saury can produce a relatively high proportion of unfished recruitment when depleted to 20% of unfished spawning biomass. Elasticity analysis indicates that steepness for Pacific saury is most sensitive to the survival rate of early life stages, mean body weight, growth, and length-at-maturity. Environmental change could substantially impact steepness, with unfavorable conditions related to survival rates, length-at-maturity, mean body weight, and growth potentially leading to a reduction in resilience. Understanding these impacts is crucial for the assessment and management of Pacific saury. Our numerical simulation approach provides an analytical tool applicable for calculating the steepness distribution in other small pelagic fish influenced by increases in sea surface temperature due to global warming.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study contrasts diet composition patterns of larval fish categorized as strong and weak foragers, identified from quadratic relationships between larval length and the number of prey eaten, for 11 fish species. Two sets of alternative hypotheses test whether strong foragers (1) exhibit precocious behaviour by eating later developmental stages of copepods, and (2) take advantage of random encounters with zooplankton, based on the contrast between the two categories in each 1 mm length-class. Results indicate that strong foragers shift their feeding toward earlier copepod developmental stages, which was most apparent in four flatfish species, and demonstrate stronger overall prey selectivity than weak foragers. Inverse modeling revealed the latter is achieved through increases in apparent prey perception and/or responsiveness to dominant prey types (i.e. nauplii and copepodites) and declines for less frequent prey (e.g. veliger and Cladocera). Foraging strength increased modestly with larger eye diameter and mouth gape. Two possible explanations for prey selection patterns are that strong foragers have inherently different capacity to perceive and attack prey, or that after initially eating sufficient large prey to meet metabolic requirements fuller stomachs depend on the ability of larval fish to take advantage of random encounters.
{"title":"Foraging by larval fish: a full stomach is indicative of high performance but random encounters with prey are also important","authors":"Pierre Pepin","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae037","url":null,"abstract":"This study contrasts diet composition patterns of larval fish categorized as strong and weak foragers, identified from quadratic relationships between larval length and the number of prey eaten, for 11 fish species. Two sets of alternative hypotheses test whether strong foragers (1) exhibit precocious behaviour by eating later developmental stages of copepods, and (2) take advantage of random encounters with zooplankton, based on the contrast between the two categories in each 1 mm length-class. Results indicate that strong foragers shift their feeding toward earlier copepod developmental stages, which was most apparent in four flatfish species, and demonstrate stronger overall prey selectivity than weak foragers. Inverse modeling revealed the latter is achieved through increases in apparent prey perception and/or responsiveness to dominant prey types (i.e. nauplii and copepodites) and declines for less frequent prey (e.g. veliger and Cladocera). Foraging strength increased modestly with larger eye diameter and mouth gape. Two possible explanations for prey selection patterns are that strong foragers have inherently different capacity to perceive and attack prey, or that after initially eating sufficient large prey to meet metabolic requirements fuller stomachs depend on the ability of larval fish to take advantage of random encounters.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140315314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fisheries science and practice are challenging and require learning, thinking, and sharing across boundaries. The idea of boundary crossing can be described as some form of multiple disciplinarity (e.g. interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity), yet that inherently implies that the boundaries crossed are purely disciplinary in nature. After working across various other boundaries (i.e. realms, regions, disciplines, sectors, domains, and knowledge systems) for most of our educational journeys and professional careers, we reflect on our lived experiences with a focus on identifying the benefits and challenges of engaging in different types of boundary crossing. We submit that our personal and professional lives have been enriched by stepping outside of our immediate comfort zones and expertise (i.e. fish ecology) and engaging in active listening and learning with colleagues in other disciplines (i.e. various social sciences) and with stakeholders and policymakers. We have learned much from working across boundaries and encourage others, especially early career professionals, to do the same. What may superficially appear to be a bridge too far may in fact provide novel ways of thinking about a given issue or topic that generates actionable science for sustainable fisheries management and conservation. Many of the projects that we consider to be our greatest successes represent ones that involved boundary crossing, examples of which we provide in this essay. There is a need to prepare the next generation of problem solvers for engaging in boundary crossing and celebrating examples of where such efforts have led to meaningful advances in fisheries science and practice. Ensuring that institutional and cultural barriers that may constrain boundary crossing are addressed while also supporting those doing such work will be key to address the many fisheries and aquatic science challenges of today and tomorrow in both marine and freshwater systems.
{"title":"Learning, thinking, sharing, and working across boundaries in fisheries science","authors":"Steven J Cooke, Robert Arlinghaus","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae026","url":null,"abstract":"Fisheries science and practice are challenging and require learning, thinking, and sharing across boundaries. The idea of boundary crossing can be described as some form of multiple disciplinarity (e.g. interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity), yet that inherently implies that the boundaries crossed are purely disciplinary in nature. After working across various other boundaries (i.e. realms, regions, disciplines, sectors, domains, and knowledge systems) for most of our educational journeys and professional careers, we reflect on our lived experiences with a focus on identifying the benefits and challenges of engaging in different types of boundary crossing. We submit that our personal and professional lives have been enriched by stepping outside of our immediate comfort zones and expertise (i.e. fish ecology) and engaging in active listening and learning with colleagues in other disciplines (i.e. various social sciences) and with stakeholders and policymakers. We have learned much from working across boundaries and encourage others, especially early career professionals, to do the same. What may superficially appear to be a bridge too far may in fact provide novel ways of thinking about a given issue or topic that generates actionable science for sustainable fisheries management and conservation. Many of the projects that we consider to be our greatest successes represent ones that involved boundary crossing, examples of which we provide in this essay. There is a need to prepare the next generation of problem solvers for engaging in boundary crossing and celebrating examples of where such efforts have led to meaningful advances in fisheries science and practice. Ensuring that institutional and cultural barriers that may constrain boundary crossing are addressed while also supporting those doing such work will be key to address the many fisheries and aquatic science challenges of today and tomorrow in both marine and freshwater systems.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Any scientific career is a mix of planning and stochastic events, often with a fair share of the latter. I illustrate this by the evolution of my own career. Ecosystem studies of food webs under the impact of eutrophication (Master), and carbon cycling in DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon)-rich lakes (PhD) led me to elemental ratios in organisms and the establishment of ecological stoichiometry. The role of phosphorus (P) in cellular processes again led to research on the evolution and regulation of genome size. As climate came higher on the agenda, it was time to apply the basic research on the C-cycle and climate in a wider context. As natural scientists, we should also engage in even wider contexts, and I have enjoyed discussions and co-operation with philosophers, psychologist, and social scientists. This helps seeing our own work in context. We should also reflect on why we do science. I have always felt that science should also add purpose to life by giving something back to society, and I have devoted much time to outreach, public talks, debates, and writing popular science books. It takes some time, but it is also rewarding and important—perhaps even more so than yet another paper.
{"title":"Why we do science—marine ecosystems in context","authors":"Dag O Hessen","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsae027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsae027","url":null,"abstract":"Any scientific career is a mix of planning and stochastic events, often with a fair share of the latter. I illustrate this by the evolution of my own career. Ecosystem studies of food webs under the impact of eutrophication (Master), and carbon cycling in DOC (Dissolved Organic Carbon)-rich lakes (PhD) led me to elemental ratios in organisms and the establishment of ecological stoichiometry. The role of phosphorus (P) in cellular processes again led to research on the evolution and regulation of genome size. As climate came higher on the agenda, it was time to apply the basic research on the C-cycle and climate in a wider context. As natural scientists, we should also engage in even wider contexts, and I have enjoyed discussions and co-operation with philosophers, psychologist, and social scientists. This helps seeing our own work in context. We should also reflect on why we do science. I have always felt that science should also add purpose to life by giving something back to society, and I have devoted much time to outreach, public talks, debates, and writing popular science books. It takes some time, but it is also rewarding and important—perhaps even more so than yet another paper.","PeriodicalId":51072,"journal":{"name":"ICES Journal of Marine Science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140197428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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