Purpose In this research, the effect of laser properties such as laser power and laser dwell time on the surface morphology and oxidizing of titanium have been investigated in order to enhance the bioactivity of laser textured titanium sheets. Methods The Ti samples were irradiated with nanosecond pulses to create the predetermined point patterns on the surface of sample sheets with specific laser parameters. Final bioactivity of the treated samples were evaluated through the use of simulated body fluid (SBF), followed by material characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive (EDX). Results It was observed that by increasing the roughness of the titanium surface samples using a range of dwelling time, and with different powers, titania with higher levels of surface energy in micro/sub-micro scales are produced. The use of laser results in a one-step heat increase and the oxidation of titanium, which results in creation of titania with higher cell adhesion abilities. Conclusions It was concluded that the variation of the surface roughness, surface morphology, and oxidation level of the material has a direct effect on the cell adhesion rate to the surface of the titanium. Upon completion of the analysis, it is concluded that using a higher power and a lower dwelling time results in better bioactivity improvement than using higher dwelling times and lower powers.
{"title":"Bioactivity Enhancement of Titanium Induced by Nd: Yag Laser Pulses","authors":"Mitra Radmanesh, Amirkianoosh Kiani","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000258","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose In this research, the effect of laser properties such as laser power and laser dwell time on the surface morphology and oxidizing of titanium have been investigated in order to enhance the bioactivity of laser textured titanium sheets. Methods The Ti samples were irradiated with nanosecond pulses to create the predetermined point patterns on the surface of sample sheets with specific laser parameters. Final bioactivity of the treated samples were evaluated through the use of simulated body fluid (SBF), followed by material characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive (EDX). Results It was observed that by increasing the roughness of the titanium surface samples using a range of dwelling time, and with different powers, titania with higher levels of surface energy in micro/sub-micro scales are produced. The use of laser results in a one-step heat increase and the oxidation of titanium, which results in creation of titania with higher cell adhesion abilities. Conclusions It was concluded that the variation of the surface roughness, surface morphology, and oxidation level of the material has a direct effect on the cell adhesion rate to the surface of the titanium. Upon completion of the analysis, it is concluded that using a higher power and a lower dwelling time results in better bioactivity improvement than using higher dwelling times and lower powers.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":"70 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Steffens, Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende, B. Santi, Frederico David Alencar de Sena Pereira, Paulo Inforçatti Neto, Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva, P. Pranke
Introduction Tissue engineering is a field which is currently under a great deal of investigation for the development and/or restoration of tissue and organs, through the combination of cell therapy with biomaterials. Rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing is a versatile technology which makes possible the fabrication of three dimensional (3D) structures from a wide range of materials with complex geometry and accuracy, such as scaffolds. Aim The aim of this study has been to investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells with poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) biomaterials used for obtaining scaffolds through additive manufacturing. Materials and Methods Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and biological assays were performed to analyse the successful interaction between the cells and the biomaterials. Results As a result, the number of viable cells attached to the scaffolds was lower when compared to the control group; however, it was possible to observe cells in the scaffolds since day 1 of analysis, with regions of confluence after 21 days of seeding. Conclusions To conclude, these biomaterials are interesting if used as medical artifacts, principally in tissue with prolonged regeneration time and which requires 3D supports with good mechanical properties.
{"title":"3D-Printed PCL Scaffolds for the Cultivation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells","authors":"D. Steffens, Rodrigo Alvarenga Rezende, B. Santi, Frederico David Alencar de Sena Pereira, Paulo Inforçatti Neto, Jorge Vicente Lopes da Silva, P. Pranke","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000252","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Tissue engineering is a field which is currently under a great deal of investigation for the development and/or restoration of tissue and organs, through the combination of cell therapy with biomaterials. Rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing is a versatile technology which makes possible the fabrication of three dimensional (3D) structures from a wide range of materials with complex geometry and accuracy, such as scaffolds. Aim The aim of this study has been to investigate the interaction between mesenchymal stem cells with poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) biomaterials used for obtaining scaffolds through additive manufacturing. Materials and Methods Scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and biological assays were performed to analyse the successful interaction between the cells and the biomaterials. Results As a result, the number of viable cells attached to the scaffolds was lower when compared to the control group; however, it was possible to observe cells in the scaffolds since day 1 of analysis, with regions of confluence after 21 days of seeding. Conclusions To conclude, these biomaterials are interesting if used as medical artifacts, principally in tissue with prolonged regeneration time and which requires 3D supports with good mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":"19 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Tripodi, S. D’Ercole, F. Iaculli, A. Piattelli, V. Perrotti, G. Iezzi
Purpose Different results have been reported on the internal colonization of Cone Morse connections under in vitro dynamic loading. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial leakage in Cone Morse implant-abutment connections, both under loaded and unloaded conditions. Methods A total of 20 implants with a Cone Morse taper internal connection were used in this study. Ten were loaded under a special testing equipment (Test Group), while 10 were left unloaded (Control Group). The inner part of all implants was inoculated with 0.1 μl of a viable Enterococcus faecalis suspension. A force of 120 N was applied to the loaded implants, for a total of 500,000 cycles at 1 Hz. All the samples were checked daily, for a total of 14 days, and presence or absence of turbidity recorded. Results In the unloaded assemblies, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment junctions, on the 12th and 13th days. In the loaded implant-abutment connections, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment assemblies, on the 13th and on the 14th days. Conclusions The resistance of the Cone Morse implant-abutment junction reported in the literature and confirmed in the present study, where no differences in the percentages of microbial leakage were found in assemblies unloaded and in those subjected to a dynamic loading procedure, could help to explain the histological results in man of a lack of peri-crestal bone resorption in Cone Morse implants, placed below the level of the alveolar crest.
{"title":"Degree of Bacterial Microleakage at the Implant-Abutment Junction in Cone Morse Tapered Implants under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions","authors":"D. Tripodi, S. D’Ercole, F. Iaculli, A. Piattelli, V. Perrotti, G. Iezzi","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000247","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Different results have been reported on the internal colonization of Cone Morse connections under in vitro dynamic loading. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the bacterial leakage in Cone Morse implant-abutment connections, both under loaded and unloaded conditions. Methods A total of 20 implants with a Cone Morse taper internal connection were used in this study. Ten were loaded under a special testing equipment (Test Group), while 10 were left unloaded (Control Group). The inner part of all implants was inoculated with 0.1 μl of a viable Enterococcus faecalis suspension. A force of 120 N was applied to the loaded implants, for a total of 500,000 cycles at 1 Hz. All the samples were checked daily, for a total of 14 days, and presence or absence of turbidity recorded. Results In the unloaded assemblies, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment junctions, on the 12th and 13th days. In the loaded implant-abutment connections, bacterial contamination was found in 2 out of 10 implant-abutment assemblies, on the 13th and on the 14th days. Conclusions The resistance of the Cone Morse implant-abutment junction reported in the literature and confirmed in the present study, where no differences in the percentages of microbial leakage were found in assemblies unloaded and in those subjected to a dynamic loading procedure, could help to explain the histological results in man of a lack of peri-crestal bone resorption in Cone Morse implants, placed below the level of the alveolar crest.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"28 1","pages":"367 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Z. Crouse, K. M. Mahuta, B. A. Mikulski, Jenna N. Harvestine, Xiaoru Guo, J. Lee, M. Kaltchev, K. Midelfort, C. Tritt, Junhong Chen, Wujie Zhang
Purpose To develop and characterize a microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsule system that could be applied in such biological fields as drug delivery, cell immobilization/encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Methods Microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsules were prepared by using the vibration/electrostatic spray method. The morphology and chemistry of the hydrogel microcapsules were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The designed hydrogel microcapsule system was then used to study the responsiveness of the microcapsules to different simulated human body fluids as well as cell encapsulation. Results The designed hydrogel microcapsule system exhibited a large surface area-to-volume ratio (red blood cell-shaped) and great pH/enzymatic responsiveness. In addition, this system showed the potential for controlled drug delivery and three-dimensional cell culture. Conclusion This system showed a significant potential not only for bioactive-agent delivery, especially to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but also as a three-dimensional niche for cell culture. In particular, the hydrogel microcapsule system could be used to create artificial red-blood-cells as well as blood substitutes.
{"title":"Development of a Microscale Red Blood Cell-Shaped Pectin-Oligochitosan Hydrogel System Using an Electrospray-Vibration Method: Preparation and Characterization","authors":"J. Z. Crouse, K. M. Mahuta, B. A. Mikulski, Jenna N. Harvestine, Xiaoru Guo, J. Lee, M. Kaltchev, K. Midelfort, C. Tritt, Junhong Chen, Wujie Zhang","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000250","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To develop and characterize a microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsule system that could be applied in such biological fields as drug delivery, cell immobilization/encapsulation, and tissue engineering. Methods Microscale pectin-oligochitosan hydrogel microcapsules were prepared by using the vibration/electrostatic spray method. The morphology and chemistry of the hydrogel microcapsules were characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The designed hydrogel microcapsule system was then used to study the responsiveness of the microcapsules to different simulated human body fluids as well as cell encapsulation. Results The designed hydrogel microcapsule system exhibited a large surface area-to-volume ratio (red blood cell-shaped) and great pH/enzymatic responsiveness. In addition, this system showed the potential for controlled drug delivery and three-dimensional cell culture. Conclusion This system showed a significant potential not only for bioactive-agent delivery, especially to the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, but also as a three-dimensional niche for cell culture. In particular, the hydrogel microcapsule system could be used to create artificial red-blood-cells as well as blood substitutes.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"441 1","pages":"326 - 331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely developed for versatile use, but the potential risk form their skin exposure is still unclear. To evaluate this risk, the skin penetration of TiO2-NPs is necessary to be understood first. The aims of this study are to investigated the penetration of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and in vivo. Methods TiO2-NPs with a diameter of 20 nm was labeled with 125I. The skin of rat was treated with 2% SLS solution and obtained as slightly damaged skin. The 125I labeled TiO2-NPs (125I-TiO2-NPs)solution and 0.9% PS solution were added into the donor chamber and receptor chamber of static diffusion cells which clamped the skin at the middle of two half-cells, respectively. During 24 hours, samples were extracted from the receptor chamber and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vitro was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity of receptor chamber solution compared with total radioactivity in the donor chamber. Thereafter, the 125I-TiO2-NPs was exposed to the rats. After 1 day and 3 days, the blood and tissues of rats were harvested, weighed and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the tissue radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vivo was expressed as the percentage dose per gram tissue (% dose/g). Results In the skin penetration experiment in vitro, the radioactivity of receptor chamber solution through damaged skin was higher than that of through intact skin and was about 2% radioactivity of donor chamber on 24 h. In the skin penetration experiment in vivo, the radioactivity of blood and tissues of rats after exposing to 125I-TiO2-NPs solution though damaged skin or intact skin were less than 0.05% dose/g on 1 d and quickly declined on 3 d. The skin penetration rates of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and vivo were lower than the rate of free 125I in the TiO2-NPs solution. Conclusions The TiO2-NPs could not penetrate through the damaged skin or intact skin both in vitro and in vivo. It suggested that the TiO2-NPs should be safe when it was applied and contacted with skin.
{"title":"Penetration of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through Slightly Damaged Skin in Vitro and in vivo","authors":"Guangping Xie, Weixin Lu, Dongmin Lu","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000243","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely developed for versatile use, but the potential risk form their skin exposure is still unclear. To evaluate this risk, the skin penetration of TiO2-NPs is necessary to be understood first. The aims of this study are to investigated the penetration of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and in vivo. Methods TiO2-NPs with a diameter of 20 nm was labeled with 125I. The skin of rat was treated with 2% SLS solution and obtained as slightly damaged skin. The 125I labeled TiO2-NPs (125I-TiO2-NPs)solution and 0.9% PS solution were added into the donor chamber and receptor chamber of static diffusion cells which clamped the skin at the middle of two half-cells, respectively. During 24 hours, samples were extracted from the receptor chamber and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vitro was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity of receptor chamber solution compared with total radioactivity in the donor chamber. Thereafter, the 125I-TiO2-NPs was exposed to the rats. After 1 day and 3 days, the blood and tissues of rats were harvested, weighed and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the tissue radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vivo was expressed as the percentage dose per gram tissue (% dose/g). Results In the skin penetration experiment in vitro, the radioactivity of receptor chamber solution through damaged skin was higher than that of through intact skin and was about 2% radioactivity of donor chamber on 24 h. In the skin penetration experiment in vivo, the radioactivity of blood and tissues of rats after exposing to 125I-TiO2-NPs solution though damaged skin or intact skin were less than 0.05% dose/g on 1 d and quickly declined on 3 d. The skin penetration rates of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and vivo were lower than the rate of free 125I in the TiO2-NPs solution. Conclusions The TiO2-NPs could not penetrate through the damaged skin or intact skin both in vitro and in vivo. It suggested that the TiO2-NPs should be safe when it was applied and contacted with skin.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"13 1","pages":"356 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreia Leal, A. Paula, A. Ramalho, M. Esteves, M. Ferreira, E. Carrilho
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill™ (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens. Methods Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5°C/55°C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis. Results For SonicFill™, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square of the roughness (Rq) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (Rz) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™, but in Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (Rsk) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™ and Filtek™ Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the Rsk increased with CP. Conclusions The microhardness of Filtek™ Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill™. Both bleaching treatments affect Rz in Filtek™ Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill™, but only the CP treatment affects the Rsk of Filtek™ Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill™.
{"title":"Roughness and Microhardness of Composites after Different Bleaching Techniques","authors":"Andreia Leal, A. Paula, A. Ramalho, M. Esteves, M. Ferreira, E. Carrilho","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000239","url":null,"abstract":"Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill™ (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens. Methods Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5°C/55°C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis. Results For SonicFill™, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square of the roughness (Rq) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (Rz) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™, but in Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (Rsk) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™ and Filtek™ Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the Rsk increased with CP. Conclusions The microhardness of Filtek™ Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill™. Both bleaching treatments affect Rz in Filtek™ Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill™, but only the CP treatment affects the Rsk of Filtek™ Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill™.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"13 1","pages":"381 - 388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely recognized and used for controlled drug delivery and in various other fields due to their unique properties and distinct advantages. Both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes are used and/or studied for potential applications in medical, energy, textile, composite, and other areas. Since CNTs are chemically inert and are insoluble in water or other organic solvents, they are functionalized or modified to carry payloads or interact with biological molecules. CNTs have been preferably functionalized with proteins because CNTs are predominantly used for medical applications such as delivery of drugs, DNA and genes, and also for biosensing. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the interactions, cytotoxicity, and potential applications of protein functionalized CNTs but contradicting results have been published on the cytotoxicity of the functionalized CNTs. This paper provides a brief review of CNTs functionalized with proteins, methods used to functionalize the CNTs, and their potential applications.
{"title":"A Review on Protein Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes","authors":"K. Nagaraju, R. Reddy, N. Reddy","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000231","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely recognized and used for controlled drug delivery and in various other fields due to their unique properties and distinct advantages. Both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwalled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes are used and/or studied for potential applications in medical, energy, textile, composite, and other areas. Since CNTs are chemically inert and are insoluble in water or other organic solvents, they are functionalized or modified to carry payloads or interact with biological molecules. CNTs have been preferably functionalized with proteins because CNTs are predominantly used for medical applications such as delivery of drugs, DNA and genes, and also for biosensing. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the interactions, cytotoxicity, and potential applications of protein functionalized CNTs but contradicting results have been published on the cytotoxicity of the functionalized CNTs. This paper provides a brief review of CNTs functionalized with proteins, methods used to functionalize the CNTs, and their potential applications.","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"13 1","pages":"301 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Tittarelli, Carla Conti, O. Favoni, A. Mazzoli, T. Bellezze
{"title":"Abstracts from the X INSTM National Conference on Materials Science and Technology “KE-MAT! Key Enabling Material”","authors":"F. Tittarelli, Carla Conti, O. Favoni, A. Mazzoli, T. Bellezze","doi":"10.5301/jabfm.5000272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/jabfm.5000272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"14 1","pages":"e128 - e84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/jabfm.5000272","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70592035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-03-12DOI: 10.5301/JABFM.2013.10824
A. Lendlein, D. Grijpma, L. Ambrosio
{"title":"Focus on Advanced Functional Polymers for Medicine","authors":"A. Lendlein, D. Grijpma, L. Ambrosio","doi":"10.5301/JABFM.2013.10824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JABFM.2013.10824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70591110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: In this work, we report the use of plasticized poly vinylchloride (PVC) as a potential antifouling coating material. The materials contain a variety of sebacic and succinic acid-derived plasticisers providing a variation in molecular shape and structure; diethyl succinate (DESn), di-(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) (DEHS), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), and diethyl sebacate (DES). Each plasticiser from the sebacate group possessed the same basic C10H16O4 moiety with varied dialkyl terminated groups, affording a different range of homologous series plasticisers. This work investigates whether branching of the side substituted alkyl chains on each plasticiser molecule affects microorganism attachment and subsequent fouling.
Materials and methods: The plasticized polymers are spin coated to create thin films for testing. In order to determine the antifouling capacity of the materials, the polymer coatings underwent a series of analyses for biomass determination, glycocalyx production, and protein and carbohydrate adsorption. Topological and morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Results: After a 7 day laboratory biofouling study it was found that the plasticisers with increased alkyl branching, DESN, and DEHS revealed the greatest degree of prevention of microorganism colonization and attachment thus significantly reducing the initial formation of biofilms by up to 65% in some biofouling assays when compared to the uPVC blank.
{"title":"Sebacic and succinic acid derived plasticised PVC for the inhibition of biofouling in its initial stages.","authors":"James Chapman, Fiona Regan","doi":"10.5301/JABB.2011.8787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5301/JABB.2011.8787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this work, we report the use of plasticized poly vinylchloride (PVC) as a potential antifouling coating material. The materials contain a variety of sebacic and succinic acid-derived plasticisers providing a variation in molecular shape and structure; diethyl succinate (DESn), di-(2-ethylhexyl sebacate) (DEHS), dibutyl sebacate (DBS), and diethyl sebacate (DES). Each plasticiser from the sebacate group possessed the same basic C10H16O4 moiety with varied dialkyl terminated groups, affording a different range of homologous series plasticisers. This work investigates whether branching of the side substituted alkyl chains on each plasticiser molecule affects microorganism attachment and subsequent fouling.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The plasticized polymers are spin coated to create thin films for testing. In order to determine the antifouling capacity of the materials, the polymer coatings underwent a series of analyses for biomass determination, glycocalyx production, and protein and carbohydrate adsorption. Topological and morphological characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After a 7 day laboratory biofouling study it was found that the plasticisers with increased alkyl branching, DESN, and DEHS revealed the greatest degree of prevention of microorganism colonization and attachment thus significantly reducing the initial formation of biofilms by up to 65% in some biofouling assays when compared to the uPVC blank.</p>","PeriodicalId":51074,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Biomechanics","volume":"9 3","pages":"176-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5301/JABB.2011.8787","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30301699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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