Journal of Arid Environments最新文献

英文中文

Habitat distribution modelling to identify areas of high conservation value under climate change for an endangered arid land tree Tecomella undulata

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105317

Jereem Thampan , Jyoti Srivastava , Pooja Nitin Saraf , Pujarini Samal

The dryland ecosystems are fragile and have recently been subjected to paradigm shifts by climate change. To analyse this, we selected Tecomella undulata, an endangered arid land tree that adapts to the harsh climates of drylands. We collected 111 extant occurrence records of the species and utilised 16 environmental variables. The study identified that bio12, bio8, altitude, total nitrogen, CEC, and bio15 are the factors that significantly influence the distribution range and modelled species distribution ranges from LGM to 2100 using the Species Distribution Model. The model showed a decreased distribution from the past and predicts an increased distribution for the future. The reduced temperature and increased bio12 acted as limiting factors in the past, while the increase in bio15 and bio8 will act as enhancing factors for the future because of the warming effect due to climate change. The results predict that future climatic conditions will favour the species’ distribution. Therefore, the factors which might limit the species distribution will be anthropogenic, genetic, or pest-related, which was beyond the scope of our study and needs to be identified urgently to conserve the species. The study identified priority conservation areas where environmental factors suit the species. Still, most fall outside the current conservation sites, necessitating more regional conservation sites.

{"title":"Habitat distribution modelling to identify areas of high conservation value under climate change for an endangered arid land tree Tecomella undulata","authors":"Jereem Thampan , Jyoti Srivastava , Pooja Nitin Saraf , Pujarini Samal","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dryland ecosystems are fragile and have recently been subjected to paradigm shifts by climate change. To analyse this, we selected <em>Tecomella undulata,</em> an endangered arid land tree that adapts to the harsh climates of drylands. We collected 111 extant occurrence records of the species and utilised 16 environmental variables. The study identified that bio12, bio8, altitude, total nitrogen, CEC, and bio15 are the factors that significantly influence the distribution range and modelled species distribution ranges from LGM to 2100 using the Species Distribution Model. The model showed a decreased distribution from the past and predicts an increased distribution for the future. The reduced temperature and increased bio12 acted as limiting factors in the past, while the increase in bio15 and bio8 will act as enhancing factors for the future because of the warming effect due to climate change. The results predict that future climatic conditions will favour the species’ distribution. Therefore, the factors which might limit the species distribution will be anthropogenic, genetic, or pest-related, which was beyond the scope of our study and needs to be identified urgently to conserve the species. The study identified priority conservation areas where environmental factors suit the species. Still, most fall outside the current conservation sites, necessitating more regional conservation sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thriving in extremes: Adaptability potential of desert cotton Aerva javanica to hyper-arid saline conditions

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105321

Ummar Iqbal, Sana Abid, Muhammad Sharif, Sadaf Rafiq, Abdul Wahab, Mehboob Ahmad, Muhammad Yousuf

Aerva javanica is a typical C₄ recretohalophyte predominantly found in the hyper-arid saline regions of the Cholistan Desert (Pakistan) and its adjoining areas. Ten populations were gathered from natural habitats to assess adaptive strategies, aiming to rehabilitate hypersaline environments. Desert populations have thicker epidermal layers, enlarged oil glands, stomata, and trichomes, along with reduced thickness of the leaf midrib and lamina, which are essential for surviving extreme aridity. Their deeper roots and increased biomass indicate resistance to environmental stress. Semi-desert populations feature enlarged vascular bundles and thicker leaves for better water conservation, while agricultural populations have smaller stomata and trichomes and larger leaves with longer shoots. Key features include glandular and non-glandular trichomes, oil gland formation, a bundle sheath cell layer indicative of C₄ physiology, vascular region partitioning by internal parenchyma, and variations in stomatal size and shape, all enhancing species survival in harsh desert conditions. Principal component analysis indicated that trichome area and stomatal area were positively correlated with soil sodium and electrical conductivity, while trichome number and stomatal density correlated with soil pH. Overall, the adaptive traits of A. javanica could provide key insights for breeding salt-tolerant crops, facilitating the successful cultivation of saline lands.

{"title":"Thriving in extremes: Adaptability potential of desert cotton Aerva javanica to hyper-arid saline conditions","authors":"Ummar Iqbal, Sana Abid, Muhammad Sharif, Sadaf Rafiq, Abdul Wahab, Mehboob Ahmad, Muhammad Yousuf","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aerva javanica</em> is a typical C<sub>4</sub> recretohalophyte predominantly found in the hyper-arid saline regions of the Cholistan Desert (Pakistan) and its adjoining areas. Ten populations were gathered from natural habitats to assess adaptive strategies, aiming to rehabilitate hypersaline environments. Desert populations have thicker epidermal layers, enlarged oil glands, stomata, and trichomes, along with reduced thickness of the leaf midrib and lamina, which are essential for surviving extreme aridity. Their deeper roots and increased biomass indicate resistance to environmental stress. Semi-desert populations feature enlarged vascular bundles and thicker leaves for better water conservation, while agricultural populations have smaller stomata and trichomes and larger leaves with longer shoots. Key features include glandular and non-glandular trichomes, oil gland formation, a bundle sheath cell layer indicative of C<sub>4</sub> physiology, vascular region partitioning by internal parenchyma, and variations in stomatal size and shape, all enhancing species survival in harsh desert conditions. Principal component analysis indicated that trichome area and stomatal area were positively correlated with soil sodium and electrical conductivity, while trichome number and stomatal density correlated with soil pH. Overall, the adaptive traits of <em>A</em>. <em>javanica</em> could provide key insights for breeding salt-tolerant crops, facilitating the successful cultivation of saline lands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Semiarid woody plant functional groups contribute differently to canopy conductance

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105318

Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus , Nielson Dinivan da Silva Brito , Maria Medeiros , Eduardo Soares de Souza , André Luiz Alves de Lima

The continuous exploitation of tropical dry forests has caused changes in the hydrological cycle. Although the vegetation-atmosphere relationship is climatically important, studies evaluating the contribution of plant functional groups to canopy conductance remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the morphophysiological characteristics of different plant functional groups and canopy conductance in a semi-arid region. We assessed canopy conductance, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, water potential, and xylem vessel biometry in high wood density species (HWD) and low wood density species (LWD). Using repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson's correlation analysis, we found a strong positive correlation between stomatal conductance and canopy conductance (ρ = 0.917). The HWD group exhibited a higher number of xylem vessels (90%) and thicker vessel walls (37%). These traits enabled greater stomatal conductance activity (66%) throughout the season (dry/rainy). Conversely, the LWD group had wider vessel lumens (47%), which facilitated higher stomatal conductance during the rainy season (33.3%) and increased water potential (70%). These findings demonstrate that functional groups contribute differently to canopy conductance and highlight the importance of functional diversity for maintaining ecohydrological systems in dry forests.

{"title":"Semiarid woody plant functional groups contribute differently to canopy conductance","authors":"Angela Lucena Nascimento de Jesus , Nielson Dinivan da Silva Brito , Maria Medeiros , Eduardo Soares de Souza , André Luiz Alves de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The continuous exploitation of tropical dry forests has caused changes in the hydrological cycle. Although the vegetation-atmosphere relationship is climatically important, studies evaluating the contribution of plant functional groups to canopy conductance remain scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the morphophysiological characteristics of different plant functional groups and canopy conductance in a semi-arid region. We assessed canopy conductance, stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, water potential, and xylem vessel biometry in high wood density species (HWD) and low wood density species (LWD). Using repeated measures analysis of variance and <em>Pearson's</em> correlation analysis, we found a strong positive correlation between stomatal conductance and canopy conductance (<em>ρ</em> = 0.917). The HWD group exhibited a higher number of xylem vessels (90%) and thicker vessel walls (37%). These traits enabled greater stomatal conductance activity (66%) throughout the season (dry/rainy). Conversely, the LWD group had wider vessel lumens (47%), which facilitated higher stomatal conductance during the rainy season (33.3%) and increased water potential (70%). These findings demonstrate that functional groups contribute differently to canopy conductance and highlight the importance of functional diversity for maintaining ecohydrological systems in dry forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leaf traits of the mistletoe Erianthemum dregei and its host tree Sclerocarya birrea vary across a rainfall gradient and levels of hemiparasite infection

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105308

Tsitsi Sithandiwe Maponga , Hilton Garikai Taambuka Ndagurwa , Dave Ian Thompson , Justice Muvengwi , Wayne Twine , Ed T.F. Witkowski

Certain trees in semi-arid environments are surpassing their physiological thresholds because of erratic rainfall and rising global temperatures. Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) may also be making large trees more susceptible to the physiological stress imposed by climate change. Therefore, we examined intraspecific variations of selected leaf traits of the mistletoe, Erianthemum dregei, and Sclerocarya birrea host trees along a rainfall gradient at three levels of mistletoe infection. We measured seven leaf traits across five mistletoe-host pairs at low, medium, and high rainfall sites. Rainfall had significant effects on all measured traits, except host leaf succulence. Hosts were more resource-acquisitive at intermediate rainfall, but more conservative at high rainfall. The reverse is true for mistletoes. Mistletoe infection only had an effect on host leaf area, specific leaf area, and stomatal conductance, but most mistletoe leaf traits were significantly influenced by infection intensity. Uninfected hosts were more resource-conservative, but highly infected hosts were resource-acquisitive. Conversely, mistletoes on low-infected hosts were associated with high resource acquisition, while those on high-infection trees were resource-conservative. Therefore, the antagonistic response of host trees and mistletoes to infection and rainfall suggests the potential for resilience to environmental change.

{"title":"Leaf traits of the mistletoe Erianthemum dregei and its host tree Sclerocarya birrea vary across a rainfall gradient and levels of hemiparasite infection","authors":"Tsitsi Sithandiwe Maponga , Hilton Garikai Taambuka Ndagurwa , Dave Ian Thompson , Justice Muvengwi , Wayne Twine , Ed T.F. Witkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Certain trees in semi-arid environments are surpassing their physiological thresholds because of erratic rainfall and rising global temperatures. Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) may also be making large trees more susceptible to the physiological stress imposed by climate change. Therefore, we examined intraspecific variations of selected leaf traits of the mistletoe, <em>Erianthemum dregei,</em> and <em>Sclerocarya birrea</em> host trees along a rainfall gradient at three levels of mistletoe infection. We measured seven leaf traits across five mistletoe-host pairs at low, medium, and high rainfall sites. Rainfall had significant effects on all measured traits, except host leaf succulence. Hosts were more resource-acquisitive at intermediate rainfall, but more conservative at high rainfall. The reverse is true for mistletoes. Mistletoe infection only had an effect on host leaf area, specific leaf area, and stomatal conductance, but most mistletoe leaf traits were significantly influenced by infection intensity. Uninfected hosts were more resource-conservative, but highly infected hosts were resource-acquisitive. Conversely, mistletoes on low-infected hosts were associated with high resource acquisition, while those on high-infection trees were resource-conservative. Therefore, the antagonistic response of host trees and mistletoes to infection and rainfall suggests the potential for resilience to environmental change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drought impact on the nutrients of forage plants in a semi-arid rangeland and its potential implications for sustaining herbivores

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105299

Marnus Smit , Paul Malan , Nico Smit , Francois Deacon

The impact of drought on the nutrient content of important natural forage plants in semi-arid rangelands is poorly understood. Most studies to date have shown that drought induced stress resulted in lower plant nutrient concentrations. The consequential declines in forage quality may be an important limiting factor in sustaining wild herbivore populations through periods of drought. In the semi-arid southern Kalahari of South Africa, the most severe drought recorded in the last 60 years resulted in high plant and animal mortalities. The aim of this study was to determine if the severe drought impacted the nutritional value of plants in this region and resulted in nutrient deficient forage. For this, the nutrient content of the most abundant woody and grass species was determined during the drought and the first year of above-average rainfall following the drought. The impact of drought differed markedly between dicotyledonous woody species and monocotyledon grasses. In the former, it resulted in decreased crude protein concentrations but increased macronutrient concentrations. In the latter, crude protein contents were higher and the content of most macronutrients lower. Despite these differences, the forage on offer to herbivores during the drought was not nutrient deficient. During the drought, the dry seasons when plant nutrients were naturally at their lowest, persisted for longer than normal. The prolonged dry seasons also resulted in shortened wet seasons, when plants were most nutritious. It was concluded that the prolonging of the period when forage quantity and quality is most limiting, is likely the main limitation in sustaining herbivores during periods of drought. More studies in semi-arid rangelands are however needed to better understand the impact of drought on plant nutrients in these systems.

{"title":"Drought impact on the nutrients of forage plants in a semi-arid rangeland and its potential implications for sustaining herbivores","authors":"Marnus Smit , Paul Malan , Nico Smit , Francois Deacon","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of drought on the nutrient content of important natural forage plants in semi-arid rangelands is poorly understood. Most studies to date have shown that drought induced stress resulted in lower plant nutrient concentrations. The consequential declines in forage quality may be an important limiting factor in sustaining wild herbivore populations through periods of drought. In the semi-arid southern Kalahari of South Africa, the most severe drought recorded in the last 60 years resulted in high plant and animal mortalities. The aim of this study was to determine if the severe drought impacted the nutritional value of plants in this region and resulted in nutrient deficient forage. For this, the nutrient content of the most abundant woody and grass species was determined during the drought and the first year of above-average rainfall following the drought. The impact of drought differed markedly between dicotyledonous woody species and monocotyledon grasses. In the former, it resulted in decreased crude protein concentrations but increased macronutrient concentrations. In the latter, crude protein contents were higher and the content of most macronutrients lower. Despite these differences, the forage on offer to herbivores during the drought was not nutrient deficient. During the drought, the dry seasons when plant nutrients were naturally at their lowest, persisted for longer than normal. The prolonged dry seasons also resulted in shortened wet seasons, when plants were most nutritious. It was concluded that the prolonging of the period when forage quantity and quality is most limiting, is likely the main limitation in sustaining herbivores during periods of drought. More studies in semi-arid rangelands are however needed to better understand the impact of drought on plant nutrients in these systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new index for comprehensively assessing multiple ecosystem services in typical arid and semi-arid areas

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105316

Honglan Ji , Jiayu Geng , Yongguang Zhai , Wenzhe Jiao

An accurate assessment of the ecosystem service is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable regional development in arid and semi-arid regions. Current indices for evaluating ecosystem services typically aggregate the cumulative or maximum values of a specific set of ecosystem services. However, when the performance of individual ecosystem services varies widely, these indices can be disproportionately influenced by outliers. This may lead to either overestimation or underestimation of the overall ecosystem services. This study proposes a novel assessment approach, namely the multi-dimensional ecosystem service index (MDESI), with a view to addressing the aforementioned issues. And the MDESI is employed to assess ecosystem services in a typical arid and semi-arid region, exemplified by Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020. The results demonstrate that (1) in arid and semi-arid regions, the MDESI is more effective than the traditional cumulative and maximum methods; (2) from 2001 to 2020, the ecosystem service capacity of Inner Mongolia exhibited a spatial pattern of decline from the northeast to the southwest; (3) despite regional variations, soil and water conservation services represent the most significant constraint on ecosystem services in Inner Mongolia. This study provides a theoretical basis for the government to formulate sustainable development.

{"title":"A new index for comprehensively assessing multiple ecosystem services in typical arid and semi-arid areas","authors":"Honglan Ji , Jiayu Geng , Yongguang Zhai , Wenzhe Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An accurate assessment of the ecosystem service is a fundamental prerequisite for achieving sustainable regional development in arid and semi-arid regions. Current indices for evaluating ecosystem services typically aggregate the cumulative or maximum values of a specific set of ecosystem services. However, when the performance of individual ecosystem services varies widely, these indices can be disproportionately influenced by outliers. This may lead to either overestimation or underestimation of the overall ecosystem services. This study proposes a novel assessment approach, namely the multi-dimensional ecosystem service index (MDESI), with a view to addressing the aforementioned issues. And the MDESI is employed to assess ecosystem services in a typical arid and semi-arid region, exemplified by Inner Mongolia from 2001 to 2020. The results demonstrate that (1) in arid and semi-arid regions, the MDESI is more effective than the traditional cumulative and maximum methods; (2) from 2001 to 2020, the ecosystem service capacity of Inner Mongolia exhibited a spatial pattern of decline from the northeast to the southwest; (3) despite regional variations, soil and water conservation services represent the most significant constraint on ecosystem services in Inner Mongolia. This study provides a theoretical basis for the government to formulate sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Compounding effects of drought on long-term demography of a threatened reptile

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105315

Erin R. Zylstra , Chad A. Rubke , Robert J. Steidl

Assessing the status and trends of at-risk species requires long-term data gathered from populations throughout a species' range. Often, these data can help to identify processes that govern spatiotemporal variation in demography, which can guide conservation efforts and inform predictions about a species’ response to future environmental change. We evaluated 34 years of capture-recapture data from 17 populations of Sonoran desert tortoises (Gopherus morafkai) in Arizona. We characterized spatial and temporal variation in adult and juvenile survival, rates at which individuals transitioned from juveniles to adults, and rates of population change. Annual survival was high for adults (females: 0.96 [95% credible interval = 0.94–0.98]; males: 0.95 [0.93–0.97]) and lower for juveniles (0.77 [0.70–0.82]); transition rates were low (0.09 [0.06–0.13]). Adult survival was lower in populations near cities with 10,000 or more residents and transition rates were higher in more mesic areas. These sources of spatial variation were small, however, compared to the negative effects of drought on both juvenile and adult survival, particularly in arid regions. Although our findings suggest that populations in Arizona are currently stable or increasing, there is a high probability of future population declines if the severity and duration of droughts increase as expected.

{"title":"Compounding effects of drought on long-term demography of a threatened reptile","authors":"Erin R. Zylstra , Chad A. Rubke , Robert J. Steidl","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the status and trends of at-risk species requires long-term data gathered from populations throughout a species' range. Often, these data can help to identify processes that govern spatiotemporal variation in demography, which can guide conservation efforts and inform predictions about a species’ response to future environmental change. We evaluated 34 years of capture-recapture data from 17 populations of Sonoran desert tortoises (<em>Gopherus morafkai</em>) in Arizona. We characterized spatial and temporal variation in adult and juvenile survival, rates at which individuals transitioned from juveniles to adults, and rates of population change. Annual survival was high for adults (females: 0.96 [95% credible interval = 0.94–0.98]; males: 0.95 [0.93–0.97]) and lower for juveniles (0.77 [0.70–0.82]); transition rates were low (0.09 [0.06–0.13]). Adult survival was lower in populations near cities with 10,000 or more residents and transition rates were higher in more mesic areas. These sources of spatial variation were small, however, compared to the negative effects of drought on both juvenile and adult survival, particularly in arid regions. Although our findings suggest that populations in Arizona are currently stable or increasing, there is a high probability of future population declines if the severity and duration of droughts increase as expected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 105315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Too early or too late: The late Chalcolithic Canaanean blade assemblage of Fazael in the Jordan valley

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105292

Sonia Pinsky , Shay Bar , Danny Rosenberg

The circumstances and conditions surrounding the shift between the Late Chalcolithic- and Early Bronze Age transition in the southern Levant are still debated, with disagreements regarding the nature and pace of changes in various aspects of material culture still at the centre of discussions. One aspect of this transition that has gained an ever-growing interest in recent years is the appearance of ‘Canaanean blades’ at Late Chalcolithic-period sites and strata. The site of Fazael (dated to ca. 4200–3900 cal BC), located along the western margin of the Jordan Valley, is one of these sites, where excavations have revealed a large Canaanean blade assemblage in a clear Late Chalcolithic context. The current paper presents the Canaanean blade assemblage in detail and discusses its typological and technological characteristics. We discuss the significance of these findings in the context of the Late Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age transition in the region and suggest this phenomenon should be dated to a late phase of the Late Chalcolithic period. Finally, we suggest that during the later phase of the Late Chalcolithic, flint knappers, probably specialists, began to produce Canaanean blade blanks using local raw materials but with adapted northern Mesopotamian technology. While it is unclear how this blank production technology reached the southern Levant (artisan traveling from the north to the southern Levant or knowledge transfer), it is clear that the advance modification of the blank was done using local Late Chalcolithic technology.

{"title":"Too early or too late: The late Chalcolithic Canaanean blade assemblage of Fazael in the Jordan valley","authors":"Sonia Pinsky , Shay Bar , Danny Rosenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circumstances and conditions surrounding the shift between the Late Chalcolithic- and Early Bronze Age transition in the southern Levant are still debated, with disagreements regarding the nature and pace of changes in various aspects of material culture still at the centre of discussions. One aspect of this transition that has gained an ever-growing interest in recent years is the appearance of ‘Canaanean blades’ at Late Chalcolithic-period sites and strata. The site of Fazael (dated to ca. 4200–3900 cal BC), located along the western margin of the Jordan Valley, is one of these sites, where excavations have revealed a large Canaanean blade assemblage in a clear Late Chalcolithic context. The current paper presents the Canaanean blade assemblage in detail and discusses its typological and technological characteristics. We discuss the significance of these findings in the context of the Late Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age transition in the region and suggest this phenomenon should be dated to a late phase of the Late Chalcolithic period. Finally, we suggest that during the later phase of the Late Chalcolithic, flint knappers, probably specialists, began to produce Canaanean blade blanks using local raw materials but with adapted northern Mesopotamian technology. While it is unclear how this blank production technology reached the southern Levant (artisan traveling from the north to the southern Levant or knowledge transfer), it is clear that the advance modification of the blank was done using local Late Chalcolithic technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51080,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arid Environments","volume":"226 ","pages":"Article 105292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Timnian culture complex in the southern Levantine deserts: A rationale

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105294

Steven A. Rosen

An historical overview of the idea of a Timnian culture is presented, including discussion of early definitions. The final systematization of the Timnian Culture Complex, and the associated synthesis of its material culture corpus, has three primary goals: 1. To establish basic continuities between the protohistoric cultures/assemblages of the Negev, and by extension those of adjacent desert regions, by organizing the archaeological materials into a coherent and consistent sequence; 2. To demonstrate the essential independence of the protohistoric desert cultural trajectory from that of settled zone societies; and 3. To offer an explanatory framework for these two inter-related phenomena by attaching the long-term development of the Timnian Culture Complex to the dynamics of the evolving desert pastoral societies.

引用次数: 0

An integrated approach of machine learning methods coupled with cellular automation for monitoring and forecasting of land use and land cover

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105293

Kartikeya Mishra, H.L. Tiwari, Vikas Poonia

The expeditious urban development is transforming the contemporary features of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) globally. The investigation aims to estimate the past, and potential future LULC changes in one of the semi-arid regions of Central India. This research has designed four schemes based on two machine learning algorithms: Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) and Random Forest Classifier (RFC). The MLC and RFC were applied on the multi-spectral Landsat imagery to identify previous land use trends and land cover patterns between 2016 and 2022. The logistic regression (LR) and artificial neural networks (ANN) machine learning (ML) techniques were integrated into the CA model in QGIS. The previous patterns of LULC were employed in the Hybrid model (LR-CA & ANN-CA) to simulate changes in LULC for the future years (2028 and 2040). From the analysis and interpretation, it was observed that MLC with the ANN-CA model more precise technique to identify LULC features and predict changes for future years. This comprehensive and robust LULC modeling offers special spatially explicit statistics, vital for earth system analysis and understanding the complex interactions between human activities and the environment. This work develops a methodology to forecast the LULC changes through four models by uniquely integrated supervised classification in machine learning techniques. This study provides a robust framework for understanding and forecasting land use and land cover changes, which can aid in sustainable urban planning in similar regions globally.

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