Journal of Arid Environments最新文献_第6页

Trade-offs of leaf structural adaptive traits of desert steppe plants under precipitation variation 降水变化下荒漠草原植物叶片结构适应性状的权衡

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2026.105550

Si-Yu Guan , Ke-Chen Song , Hai-Ying Hu , Hao Zhang , Jia-Yi Yong , Wen-Hui Deng , Xiao-Na Zhao

Precipitation significantly influences desert steppe plant growth and survival. This study examined plant responses to precipitation variation by analyzing 15 leaf microstructural traits across 10 species under five precipitation gradients. Anatomical measurements and multivariate analyses revealed species-specific adaptation strategies to varying moisture levels. Gramineae species adjusted leaf mesophyll thickness and vein density while exhibiting divergent stomatal characteristics. Stomatal apertures in isobilateral-leaf species varied with moisture, shrinking during drought and expanding with increased moisture. Semi-shrubs displayed divergent strategies: smaller species prioritized the epidermis-mesophyll system, while larger species increased vascular bundle density. Linear regression and allometric growth analyses indicated trait coordination changes under drought, intensifying correlations between mesophyll and vascular traits. The linear fitting slope between the midrib thickness and palisade parenchyma thickness of the 50 % water reduction treatment was 84 % higher than that of the 50 % water increase treatment. Principal component analysis showed a trade-off between epidermal protective tissue and vascular transport efficiency. The study found that species, families, and leaf types exhibited divergence in leaf traits, forming a multidimensional ecological niche segregation and trait complementarity network. Plants employed cross-system synergies (epidermal-assimilatory-vascular system) and intra-system trade-offs to enhance environmental flexibility, forming an adaptive framework to cope with precipitation variability.

降水显著影响荒漠草原植物的生长和生存。本研究通过分析5种降水梯度下10种植物15个叶片微观结构特征，探讨了植物对降水变化的响应。解剖测量和多变量分析揭示了物种对不同湿度水平的特定适应策略。禾本科在调节叶肉厚度和叶脉密度的同时，表现出不同的气孔特征。气孔孔径随水分变化而变化，干旱时气孔缩小，水分增加时气孔扩大。半灌木表现出不同的策略：较小的种优先考虑表皮-叶肉系统，而较大的种增加维管束密度。线性回归和异速生长分析表明，干旱条件下，叶肉性状与维管性状之间的相关性增强，性状协调性发生变化。50%减水量处理中脉厚度与栅栏薄壁厚度的线性拟合斜率比50%增水量处理高84%。主成分分析表明表皮保护组织和血管运输效率之间存在权衡关系。研究发现，物种、科、叶类型在叶片性状上存在差异，形成了多维生态位分离和性状互补网络。植物利用跨系统的协同作用（表皮-同化-维管系统）和系统内的权衡来增强环境的灵活性，形成一个适应框架来应对降水变化。

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引用次数: 0

Annual cropland change detection in arid areas with long time series remote sensing images: A case study of the economic belt of the north Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang Province, China 基于长时间序列遥感影像的干旱区耕地年变化检测——以新疆天山北麓经济带为例

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105522

Zhipan Wang , Yankun Wu , Cheng Luo , Weiwei Wang , Qingling Zhang

The increasing population and limited land supply pose serious challenges to sustainable development in arid regions. Monitoring dynamic cropland changes using remote sensing imagery can provide critical data to support policy-making and promote high-quality development in these areas. However, current approaches are often constrained by complex algorithm design and a heavy reliance on training samples. In this study, we propose an unsupervised annual cropland change detection algorithm that is sufficiently simple to operate efficiently on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. The economic belt of the North Tianshan Mountains region, a typical arid area, was chosen as the study area. The annual cropland change detection results demonstrated that the proposed method achieved overall accuracies of 79.5 % for cropland expansion and 80.4 % for cropland shrinkage, respectively. This method is cost-effective, unbiased, and readily scalable to national or global arid regions, and it can also deliver essential data to support high-quality development in arid zones. The source code of this study is available at: https://github.com/wzp8023391/Annual-cropland-change-detection.

人口增长和土地供应有限对干旱地区的可持续发展提出了严峻挑战。利用遥感图像监测耕地动态变化可以为这些地区的政策制定和促进高质量发展提供关键数据。然而，目前的方法往往受到复杂的算法设计和对训练样本的严重依赖的限制。在本研究中，我们提出了一种无监督的年度耕地变化检测算法，该算法足够简单，可以在谷歌地球引擎（GEE）云平台上高效运行。选取典型干旱区天山北麓经济带为研究区。年度耕地变化检测结果表明，该方法对耕地扩张和耕地缩减的总体精度分别为79.5%和80.4%。该方法具有成本效益高、无偏、易于推广到全国或全球干旱地区的特点，还可以为干旱地区的高质量发展提供必要的数据支持。本研究的源代码可在：https://github.com/wzp8023391/Annual-cropland-change-detection。

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引用次数: 0

Progress in research on the water-centered nexus 水中心联结研究进展

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2026.105554

Shuo Chen , Wenwu Zhao , Paulo Pereira

Because water serves as the core element interlinking critical processes, such as food security, energy production, and ecological balance, its nexus with other resources should be comprehensively investigated to address global climate change and achieve sustainable development, particularly in arid and semiarid areas where chronic water scarcity amplifies cross-sector tradeoffs and exposure to climate variability. Despite the substantial amount of relevant research, a systematic review and bibliometric characterization of water-centered nexus (WCN) studies remain limited. This study bridges this gap by relying on bibliometric methods to analyze 1514 WCN publications (2008–2024), and a systematic thematic review is conducted to summarise progress and outline future directions. Results show a marked increase in WCN research over the past decade, with China and the U.S. as leading contributors. The research focus has transitioned from binary interactions to intricate multielement couplings, and methodologies have progressed from static assessments to dynamic optimization and scenario simulation. A significant theme is how climate change impacts water resources, threatening WCN stability and intensifying resource conflicts—prompting the use of multi-objective optimization and renewable energy technologies as mitigation pathways. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including a potential gap between rapidly advancing analytical frameworks and their translation into implementable governance and management actions, as well as limited practical applicability of proposed solutions. Given trends focusing on decarbonization, multiresource security, and sustainable utilization and considering the maturity but limited scale adaptability of existing methods, future directions should prioritize multi-scale techniques, adopt system resilience as a core criterion, maintain WCN within a safe and just operating space, and investigate nexus dynamics under telecoupling frameworks to facilitate global sustainable development.

由于水是连接粮食安全、能源生产和生态平衡等关键过程的核心要素，因此应全面调查其与其他资源的关系，以应对全球气候变化并实现可持续发展，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区，在这些地区，长期缺水加剧了跨部门的权衡和对气候变化的暴露。尽管有大量的相关研究，但对水中心联系（WCN）研究的系统回顾和文献计量学特征仍然有限。本研究通过文献计量学方法分析了1514篇WCN出版物（2008-2024），并进行了系统的专题综述，总结了进展并概述了未来的方向，从而弥补了这一差距。结果显示，在过去十年中，WCN研究显著增加，中国和美国是主要贡献者。研究重点从二元相互作用转向复杂的多元素耦合，方法从静态评估发展到动态优化和情景模拟。一个重要的主题是气候变化如何影响水资源，威胁WCN的稳定并加剧资源冲突-促使使用多目标优化和可再生能源技术作为缓解途径。尽管如此，挑战仍然存在，包括快速推进的分析框架与其转化为可实施的治理和管理行动之间的潜在差距，以及拟议解决方案的有限实际适用性。考虑到脱碳、多资源安全和可持续利用的趋势，并考虑到现有方法的成熟但有限的规模适应性，未来的方向应优先考虑多尺度技术，以系统弹性为核心标准，保持WCN在安全和公正的操作空间内，并研究远耦合框架下的联系动态，以促进全球可持续发展。

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引用次数: 0

Re-greening the Sahel? Evaluating tree cover restoration strategies in Niger 重新绿化萨赫勒地区？评价尼日尔的树木覆盖恢复战略

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105484

Fatima Wourro , Amah Akodewou , Justin Kassi N'dja , Bruno Hérault

In the Sahel, land degradation caused by climate variability and unsustainable human activities has led to soil erosion, declining fertility, and worsening food insecurity. To address this, large-scale restoration initiatives incorporating soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques and drought-resistant tree species have been implemented. This study evaluated the growth of 1564 trees from six species (Acacia nilotica, Acacia raddiana, Senegalia senegal, Vachellia seyal, Bauhinia rufescens, and Ziziphus mauritiana) on rehabilitated lands, using a Bayesian growth model to assess the effects of SWC structures, management practices, and geomorphological conditions. Among the SWC techniques studied—half-moons, trenches, bench terraces, stone bunds, and trench-bund combinations—half-moons proved most effective in enhancing tree growth (+12 %). Pediments provided the best conditions for tree development, outperforming plateaus and slopes. The absence of site management (guarding, replanting, and maintenance of plants and structures) decreased growth (−9 %). Sustainable reforestation in the Sahel requires integrating scientific knowledge with local expertise, adaptive strategies, and community involvement. A holistic approach that prioritizes effective SWC structures, suitable planting sites, and continuous management is crucial for restoring degraded lands, strengthening ecosystem resilience, and ensuring long-term success.

在萨赫勒地区，气候变化和不可持续的人类活动造成的土地退化导致土壤侵蚀、肥力下降和粮食不安全状况恶化。为了解决这个问题，已经实施了包括水土保持（SWC）技术和抗旱树种在内的大规模恢复计划。本研究利用贝叶斯生长模型，评估了6种树种1564棵树木（尼罗刺槐、金合欢、塞内加尔刺槐、沙叶刺槐、紫荆和毛里求斯紫皮）在恢复土地上的生长情况，评估了SWC结构、管理实践和地貌条件的影响。在研究的SWC技术中——半月、沟、梯田、石垄和沟垄组合——半月被证明对促进树木生长最有效（+ 12%）。山墙为树木的生长提供了最好的条件，优于高原和斜坡。缺乏场地管理（保护、重新种植和维护植物和结构）降低了生长（- 9%）。萨赫勒地区的可持续再造林需要将科学知识与当地专业知识、适应性战略和社区参与相结合。优先考虑有效的SWC结构、合适的种植地点和持续管理的整体方法对于恢复退化土地、增强生态系统恢复力和确保长期成功至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Desert-edge contact zone between goitered gazelle subspecies in northeastern Iran 伊朗东北部喉瞪羚亚种之间的沙漠边缘接触区

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105531

Hananeh Molania , Davoud Fadakar , Hasan Akbari , Hamid Reza Rezaei

The vulnerable goitered gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) comprises two evolutionarily distinct subspecies in Iran, separated by the central deserts as biogeographic barriers: G. s. yarkandensis (northeast) and G. s. subgutturosa (elsewhere). Using mitochondrial cytochrome b (307 sequences) and nuclear markers (CHD2, ZNF618), we resolved subspecies status in understudied northeastern Iran. Results confirmed G. s. yarkandensis predominance but revealed two pure G. s. subgutturosa haplotypes (H70, H78) through combined genetic analyses. H70 was previously associated with hybrids in central Iran, while H78 was novel. Phylogenetically, both clustered within the G. s. subgutturosa clade adjacent to hybrid haplotypes, with H78 one mutation from H70. Nuclear diagnostics confirmed subspecies identity, rejecting hybrid origins. Critically, H78 occurred naturally at Eshqabad No Hunting Area (northeastern Dasht-e Kavir edge), with H70 at Qayen Breeding Center (translocated). This identifies the northeastern edge of the Dasht-e Kavir as a contact zone where G. s. subgutturosa likely traverses the central deserts into northeastern Iran, overlapping with predominant G. s. yarkandensis. This contact may be facilitated by the latter's westward range expansion from Central Asia. Desert-edge habitats are thus vital conservation priorities, requiring genetic monitoring to maintain subspecies integrity and secure prey for the critically endangered Asiatic cheetah (<50 individuals).

易受伤害的鹅颈瞪羚（Gazella subgutturosa）在伊朗由两个进化上截然不同的亚种组成，它们被中部沙漠作为生物地理屏障分隔开来：g.s. yarkandensis（东北部）和g.s. subgutturosa（其他地区）。利用线粒体细胞色素b（307序列）和核标记（CHD2, ZNF618），我们确定了伊朗东北部未充分研究的亚种状态。结果证实了雅kandensis的优势，但通过组合遗传分析发现了两个纯的g.s. subgutturrosa单倍型（H70, H78）。H70以前与伊朗中部的杂交种有关，而H78是新的。在系统发育上，两者都聚集在与杂交单倍型相邻的G. s. subgutturosa分支中，H78从H70突变而来。核诊断证实了亚种的身份，拒绝了杂交起源。关键的是，H78自然发生在Eshqabad非狩猎区（dash -e Kavir边缘东北部），H70自然发生在Qayen繁殖中心（迁移）。这就确定了Dasht-e Kavir的东北边缘是一个接触带，g.s. subgutturrosa可能在这里穿过中部沙漠进入伊朗东北部，与主要的g.s. yarkandensis重叠。后者从中亚向西扩张，可能促进了这种接触。因此，沙漠边缘的栖息地是至关重要的保护重点，需要基因监测来维持亚种的完整性，并确保极度濒危的亚洲猎豹（50只）的猎物安全。

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引用次数: 0

Fire resilience and altered competitive dynamics of the endangered forb Pectis imberbis show potential for prescribed fire as a conservation tool 火恢复力和改变竞争动态的濒危草本植物柏树显示了规定火作为保护工具的潜力

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105546

Mia Brann , Karen Haubensak , Catherine Gehring , Sara Souther

Dryland managers face a dilemma balancing prescribed fire use with rare species conservation. In semi-arid grasslands and woodlands, managers often avoid burning habitats with threatened plants, though fire may reduce competition from invasive grasses and support native persistence. In the Madrean Sky Islands of southeastern Arizona, drought, altered fire regimes, and non-native species encroachment are transforming lower elevation grasslands and woodlands, home to the endangered forb, Pectis imberbis. These stressors interact in complex ways, yet cumulative effects on rare species like P. imberbis remain poorly understood. We conducted a fully factorial greenhouse experiment to test how fire, drought, and competition affect P. imberbis. Plants were grown from seed with intra- and interspecific competitors, then exposed to fire and drought. After 39 weeks, we measured above- and belowground biomass. Interspecific competition and drought reduced biomass, but burning appeared to ameliorate interspecific competition's negative effects. Pectis imberbis resprouted robustly after fire—even under drought and competition—though drought and intraspecific competition delayed resprouting. Our findings indicate prescribed fire may provide a safe and effective way to manage P. imberbis habitat while supporting broader goals such as invasive species control.

旱地管理者面临着平衡规定的火灾使用和稀有物种保护的两难境地。在半干旱的草原和林地，管理者通常避免焚烧有受威胁植物的栖息地，尽管火灾可能会减少来自入侵草的竞争，并支持原生植物的生存。在亚利桑那州东南部的马德兰天空群岛，干旱、改变的火灾制度和非本地物种的入侵正在改变低海拔的草原和林地，这些地方是濒临灭绝的牧草，山核桃的家园。这些压力源以复杂的方式相互作用，但对像云杉这样的稀有物种的累积效应仍然知之甚少。我们进行了全因子温室试验，以测试火、干旱和竞争对云杉的影响。植物从种内和种间竞争者的种子中生长，然后暴露于火和干旱中。39周后，我们测量了地上和地下的生物量。种间竞争和干旱减少了生物量，但燃烧似乎改善了种间竞争的负面影响。尽管干旱和种内竞争延缓了再生，但火灾后果木的再生依然强劲，即使是在干旱和竞争条件下。我们的研究结果表明，在支持诸如入侵物种控制等更广泛的目标的同时，规定火可能提供一种安全有效的方法来管理云杉栖息地。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing spatiotemporal dynamics and driving mechanisms of ecological vulnerability under climate and human pressures using multi-source remote sensing in the dryland of China 基于多源遥感的中国旱地气候与人类压力下生态脆弱性时空动态及驱动机制

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105526

Yongxin Shi , Chunyi Li , Yonglei Shi

The Mu Us Sandy Land, situated in the arid–semi-arid transition zone of northern China, has long experienced severe drought and intensive human disturbance, leading to persistent risks of desertification and wind erosion. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological vulnerability (EV) is crucial for informing ecological restoration and promoting sustainable ecosystem management in such fragile environments. This study aims to (1) construct an SRP (Sensitivity–Resilience–Pressure) model that integrating multi-source remote sensing and geospatial data, including topographic, vegetation, climatic, demographic, and soil variables; (2) analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of EV from 2000 to 2020 using Moran's I and standard deviation ellipse methods; and (3) identify the dominant driving factors and their interactions that shape EV spatial heterogeneity through a geographical detector approach. Results show that (1) the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) initial decline followed by rise during 2000–2020, reaching its lowest level in 2005. (2) A pronounced west–east gradient pattern was observed, with high EV concentrated in the western region. (3) Significant positive spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I = 0.739–0.822) revealed stable clustering characteristics of EV. (4) Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) and precipitation were identified as the dominant interacting drivers shaping the spatial distribution of EV. These findings deepen the understanding of EV dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions and provide a scientific basis for targeted ecological restoration and sustainable environmental management.

毛乌素沙地地处中国北方干旱-半干旱过渡带，长期遭受严重干旱和人为干扰，沙漠化和风蚀风险持续存在。了解生态脆弱性的时空动态变化对生态恢复和生态系统可持续管理具有重要意义。本研究旨在(1)构建一个融合地形、植被、气候、人口和土壤等多源遥感和地理空间数据的SRP （Sensitivity-Resilience-Pressure）模型；(2)利用Moran’s I和标准差椭圆法分析2000 - 2020年EV的时空演化特征；(3)通过地理探测器方法识别影响EV空间异质性的主导驱动因素及其相互作用。结果表明：(1)生态脆弱性指数（EVI）在2000-2020年间呈先下降后上升的趋势，2005年达到最低水平；(2)呈明显的西-东梯度分布，高EV集中在西部地区。(3)显著的正空间自相关（Moran’s I = 0.739 ~ 0.822）表明EV具有稳定的聚类特征。(4)植被覆盖度（FVC）和降水量是影响植被覆盖度空间分布的主要交互驱动因子。这些发现加深了对干旱半干旱区植被动态的认识，为有针对性的生态修复和可持续的环境管理提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Bromeliads of the semi-arid Caatinga: Ecosystem services and cultural keystone roles of macambiras (Encholirium and Bromelia) as a model for other plant species 半干旱Caatinga地区凤梨科植物的生态系统服务功能和凤梨科植物作为其他植物模式的文化基石作用

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105510

Jaqueiuto S. Jorge , André Felipe de V. Duarte , Roberto Lima Santos , Eliza Maria X. Freire , Adriano Caliman

Traditional knowledge about native plants has been transmitted across generations in Brazil's semi-arid Caatinga, shaping local strategies of survival, resilience, and cultural expression. This study explores the ecological and cultural significance of “macambiras” bromeliads of the genera Bromelia (e.g., B. laciniosa, B. arenaria) and Encholirium (e.g., E. spectabile), based on a combination of literature review and field interviews with rural communities. We document a wide range of ecosystem services associated with these species, including food and forage provision, medicinal uses, habitat structuring for biodiversity, and symbolic value in local traditions, literature, and material culture. Our findings reveal that knowledge about macambiras is maintained by older generations, reflecting a decline in traditional ecological knowledge due to urbanization and cultural shifts. We argue that macambiras fulfill the criteria of Cultural Keystone Species, as they play central roles in both ecological processes and the cultural identity of Caatinga communities. Moreover, we propose their use as model systems for studying plant species that integrate ecological functionality with biocultural resilience in other dryland regions. Recognizing and conserving these species is crucial for maintaining ecosystem services, cultural heritage, and social-ecological resilience in the Brazilian semi-arid zone.

在巴西半干旱的卡廷加地区，关于本土植物的传统知识代代相传，形成了当地的生存策略、恢复力和文化表达。本研究通过文献综述和对农村社区的实地访谈相结合的方法，探讨了凤梨属（如B. laciniosa， B. arenaria）和凤梨属（如E. spectabile）的“macambiras”凤梨科植物的生态和文化意义。我们记录了与这些物种相关的广泛的生态系统服务，包括食物和饲料供应，药用，生物多样性的栖息地结构，以及在当地传统，文学和物质文化中的象征价值。我们的研究结果表明，关于macambiras的知识由老一辈人保留，反映了由于城市化和文化变迁，传统生态知识的下降。我们认为macambiras满足文化基石物种的标准，因为它们在Caatinga社区的生态过程和文化认同中发挥了核心作用。此外，我们建议使用它们作为模型系统来研究其他旱地地区的植物物种，这些物种将生态功能与生物栽培弹性相结合。认识和保护这些物种对于维持巴西半干旱区的生态系统服务、文化遗产和社会生态恢复能力至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Dose-dependent root phenotypic plasticity in Casuarina equisetifolia: Mechanistic insights into drought adaptation strategies for coastal sand-fixation afforestation 剂量依赖的木麻黄根系表型可塑性：沿海固沙造林干旱适应策略的机制见解

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105470

Chen Fang , Qinqin Lin , Can Chen , Yu Chen , Han Lin , Guoying Pan , Chuanyang Jiang , Anqiang Xie , Xia Li

China's 17,000 km coastal shelterbelt system faces challenges in natural regeneration due to drought stress in sandy soils, particularly affecting the pioneer species Casualina equisetifolia, crucial for stabilizing these vulnerable zones. Limited understanding of drought-induced population declines hampers effective conservation strategies. To address this, we conducted pot experiments on one-year-old C. equisetifolia seedlings using polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) to simulate drought stress, analyzing root biomass, morphology, and anatomy. Our findings reveal dose-dependent drought responses in C. equisetifolia roots. Moderate water deficit boosts root biomass through accelerated elongation, while severe stress causes a 62 % biomass reduction. Morphologically, seedlings increase root surface area (↑34 %) and tissue density (↑18 %) but reduce total length (↓27 %), with a 2.3-fold expansion of submillimeter roots (0–0.5 mm diameter) to optimize soil exploration. Anatomically, primary roots show drought hypersensitivity with a 41 % reduction in xylem conduit numbers, whereas tertiary roots compensate through increased vessel density (↑22 %) and cortical cell expansion. These adaptive strategies provide a mechanistic framework for enhancing seedling resilience in coastal afforestation programs, offering silvicultural insights for improving the survival and adaptation of C. equisetifolia in drought-prone environments.

由于沙质土壤的干旱胁迫，中国1.7万公里的沿海防护林系统面临着自然更新方面的挑战，尤其是对稳定这些脆弱地带至关重要的先锋物种木麻黄（Casualina equisetifolia）的影响。对干旱导致的种群减少的有限理解阻碍了有效的保护策略。为了解决这一问题，我们采用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫，对1年生的马叶松幼苗进行盆栽试验，分析根系生物量、形态和解剖结构。我们的研究结果揭示了剂量依赖性干旱反应在马叶松根。中度水分亏缺通过加速伸长促进根系生物量，而严重胁迫导致生物量减少62%。在形态上，幼苗增加了根表面积（↑34%）和组织密度（↑18%），但减少了总长度（↓27%），亚毫米根（0-0.5 mm直径）扩大了2.3倍，以优化土壤探测。解剖学上，初生根表现出干旱超敏性，木质部导管数量减少41%，而三生根通过血管密度增加（↑22%）和皮质细胞扩张来补偿。这些适应性策略为提高沿海造林项目中幼苗的抗灾能力提供了机制框架，为提高马叶松在干旱易感环境中的生存和适应能力提供了造林方面的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Strength in numbers: Group size enhances individual survival and colony longevity in Damaraland mole-rats Fukomys damarensis 数量优势：群体规模可提高达马拉地鼠的个体存活率和群体寿命

IF 2.5 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105540

Paul Juan Jacobs , Daniel William Hart , Jennifer U.M. Jarvis , Nigel Charles Bennett

Cooperative behaviour presents an evolutionary paradox because although dispersal may increase direct fitness, many individuals forego reproduction to assist others. In arid-dwelling subterranean mammals, the high energetic costs of underground foraging, together with scarce and patchily distributed food resources are thought to have favoured the evolution of group living and cooperative breeding. These social systems are believed to enhance foraging efficiency and improve the survival prospects of individuals and groups. Using a longitudinal dataset from a wild population of Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) in arid central Namibia, we examine how group size predicts survival and persistence at both the individual and group levels. Our findings show that larger groups confer significant apparent survival benefits, that is the probability that an individual survives and remains available for recapture or resighting, reflecting both true survival and site fidelity, and also enhance colony persistence relative to solitary animals or pairs. We further demonstrate that these very small social-unit states are inherently unstable as without increases in group size, they are unlikely to persist within the population for extended periods. Larger groups clearly enhance survival, making remaining in the natal colony more beneficial than dispersing in an arid environment where dispersal is highly risky.

合作行为呈现出一种进化悖论，因为尽管分散可能增加直接适应性，但许多个体为了帮助其他个体而放弃繁殖。在干旱地区生活的地下哺乳动物中，地下觅食的高能量消耗，加上食物资源的稀缺和分布不均，被认为有利于群体生活和合作繁殖的进化。这些社会系统被认为可以提高觅食效率，改善个体和群体的生存前景。利用来自纳米比亚中部干旱地区的达马拉兰鼹鼠（Fukomys damarensis）野生种群的纵向数据集，我们研究了群体大小如何在个体和群体水平上预测生存和持久性。我们的研究结果表明，较大的群体具有明显的生存优势，即个体存活的可能性，并且仍然可以重新捕获或重新安置，这反映了真实的生存和地点保真度，并且相对于孤独的动物或成对的动物，也增强了群体的持久性。我们进一步证明，这些非常小的社会单位状态本质上是不稳定的，因为没有群体规模的增加，它们不太可能在人群中持续很长一段时间。更大的群体显然提高了生存能力，留在出生的群体比分散在干旱的环境中更有利，因为在干旱的环境中分散是非常危险的。

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引用次数: 0