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Aboveground and soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and stocks and their responses to environmental and human-related drivers in a tropical dry forest 热带干旱森林的地上和土壤碳、氮、磷浓度和储量及其对环境和人类相关驱动因素的响应
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105213
Alice Batista dos Santos , Ana Cristiana Silva , Maria Fabíola Barros , Renato Soares Vanderlei , Marcelo Tabarelli , Silvia Rafaela Machado Lins

Nutrient dynamics directly influence forest productivity, yet their exploration in tropical dry forests, particularly in human-modified landscapes, is limited. We examine aboveground and soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations and stocks in 19 stands across gradients of rainfall, chronic anthropogenic disturbances (CAD), aboveground biomass (AGB), and soil fertility in a Caatinga dry forest. Leaves exhibit three times higher N and P concentrations than twigs but a 20% lower C concentration. Conversely, the soil compartment presented the lowest concentration scores across all nutrients. Stoichiometric N ratios exceed 20 in all compartments. Soil C, N, and P stocks are approximately two, seventeen, and twelve times greater than aboveground biomass. Rainfall, CAD, and AGB exert both positive and negative effects on C and N concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in twigs and soil. Our results suggest that the Caatinga dry forest in human-modified landscapes supports woody plant assemblages with high nutrient concentration but reduced stocks across all compartments. Both environmental and human-related disturbances play specific roles by affecting nutrient availability. In this P-limited system, reduced nutrient stocks and the prevalence of disturbance-adapted plant species apparently dependent on biotic associations for nutrient uptake render Caatinga forest productivity and resilience highly susceptible to human disturbances.

养分动态直接影响森林生产力,但在热带干旱森林中,特别是在人类改造的地貌中,对养分动态的研究却很有限。我们研究了卡廷加旱地森林中降雨量、长期人为干扰(CAD)、地上生物量(AGB)和土壤肥力梯度的 19 个林分的地上和土壤碳、氮、磷浓度和储量。叶片的氮和磷浓度比树枝高三倍,但碳浓度却低 20%。相反,土壤中所有养分的浓度得分最低。所有分区的化学氮比率都超过了 20。土壤中的碳、氮和磷储量分别约为地上生物量的 2 倍、17 倍和 12 倍。降雨量、CAD 和 AGB 对树枝和土壤中的碳和氮浓度以及化学计量比既有积极影响,也有消极影响。我们的研究结果表明,在人类改造的地貌中,卡廷加旱地森林支持高营养浓度的木本植物组合,但所有部分的储量都有所减少。环境干扰和人为干扰通过影响养分供应发挥了特定作用。在这个钾有限的系统中,养分储量的减少和适应干扰的植物物种的盛行显然依赖于生物关联对养分的吸收,这使得卡廷加林的生产力和恢复力极易受到人类干扰的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Photosynthetic response to water stress of the main grass species of southern patagonian steppe, Argentina 阿根廷南部巴塔哥尼亚大草原主要草种对水分胁迫的光合响应
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105219
P.L. Peri , J. Gyenge , M.E. Fernández

Comparative studies of basic physiological performance are needed to give insight of how grass species survive and grow under current and more severe drought predicted in the framework of climate change in arid steppe grasslands. In this study, photosynthetic performance and stomatal conductance (gs) were measured in leaves of six main grass species of southern Patagonian steppe, after exposing plants to different conditions of water availability. There was a negative linear relationship between photosynthesis at light saturation (Pmax) and plant water stress, expressed as pre-dawn leaf water potential (ψpd), mainly explained by the reduction in gs. A negative linear relationship was also observed between the photosynthetic efficiency (α) and the ψpd of plants, but only under moderate to severe water stress conditions. Grass species had different response to water stress graded in the following order: Pappostipa chrysophylla > Festuca gracillima > Rytidosperma virescens > Poa dusenii > Bromus setifolius. These results can assist to understand the natural spatial distribution of these species under arid conditions, to predict their performance under changing climate, and to select proper species for restoration plans in steppe grasslands.

需要对基本生理表现进行比较研究,以便深入了解在干旱草原气候变化的框架下,草种如何在当前和更严重的干旱条件下生存和生长。本研究测量了巴塔哥尼亚草原南部六种主要禾本科植物在不同供水条件下的光合作用和气孔导度(gs)。光饱和时的光合作用(Pmax)与植物水分胁迫(以黎明前叶片水势(ψpd)表示)之间呈负线性关系,主要原因是气孔导度(gs)降低。植物的光合效率(α)与ψpd 之间也呈负线性关系,但只在中度到重度水分胁迫条件下才出现这种关系。禾本科植物对水分胁迫的反应不同,依次为Pappostipa chrysophylla > Festuca gracillima > Rytidosperma virescens > Poa dusenii > Bromus setifolius。这些结果有助于了解这些物种在干旱条件下的自然空间分布,预测它们在气候变化下的表现,并为草原恢复计划选择合适的物种。
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引用次数: 0
In Dabouki Land: Interdisciplinary notes on the cultural history of a landrace grape cultivar in Israel 在达布基的土地上:关于以色列陆地葡萄栽培品种文化史的跨学科说明
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105220
Joshua Schmidt , Yuval Ben-Bassat , Guy Bar-Oz

Cultivated for millennia, the grapevine held a special status as one of the most important fruits in the historical Levant and the Mediterranean world. However, since past farmers typically did not leave written accounts of their activities, viticulture history is often shrouded in ambiguity, especially concerning the classification of grapevine landrace varieties. Hence, the study of archaic viticulture relies heavily on methodological fusion to unravel its more readily discernible biological and oral traditions. We therefore merged archaeological fieldwork, historical archival analysis, field geography and ethnographic interviews to collect multifarious data on the Dabouki grapevine. Our analytical synthesis enabled us to depict how, over the course of history, diverse communities variously grew this cultivar in dryland vineyards. The cultural history of the Dabouki stretches from at least the Ottoman era, when it was widely planted throughout the region under various names, to its current revival by enterprising Israeli and Palestinian winemakers. The majority of our research was conducted within a unique environmental corridor in the western Negev of Israel where dense concentrations of relic Dabouki grapevine survive. Our paper surveys the cultural history of the Dabouki grape as a flagship cultivar in the intergenerational horticultural regimes of arid land farmers in the western Negev of the southern Levant. Remarkably, archaic Negev viticulturalists used the same cultivars across successive historical periods and varying socioeconomic contexts. As such, the paper illustrates that arid regions with longstanding winegrowing traditions are ideal for locating endemic grapevines that apparently can withstand challenging growing conditions. Focusing on the enduring legacy of the Dabouki, we suggest how historical knowledge of ancient dryland farming systems and landrace cultivars can bolster the sustainability of contemporary viticulture.

葡萄栽培已有千年历史,是历史上黎凡特和地中海世界最重要的水果之一,地位特殊。然而,由于过去的农民通常没有留下关于其活动的文字记载,葡萄栽培史往往笼罩在模糊不清的氛围中,尤其是在葡萄品种的分类方面。因此,对古老葡萄栽培的研究在很大程度上依赖于方法论的融合,以揭示其更容易辨别的生物和口头传统。因此,我们将田野考古、历史档案分析、田野地理和人种学访谈结合起来,收集有关达布基葡萄的各种数据。我们的综合分析使我们能够描绘出在历史进程中,不同的社区如何在旱地葡萄园中以不同的方式种植这种栽培品种。达布奇葡萄的文化历史至少可以追溯到奥斯曼帝国时期,当时它以各种名称在整个地区广泛种植,直到现在被以色列和巴勒斯坦的酿酒师们复兴。我们的大部分研究工作都是在以色列内盖夫西部一个独特的环境走廊中进行的,那里有密集的达布基葡萄藤遗迹。我们的论文调查了达布基葡萄的文化历史,它是南黎凡特西部内盖夫干旱地区农民世代相传的园艺制度中的旗舰栽培品种。值得注意的是,古老的内盖夫葡萄栽培者在不同的历史时期和不同的社会经济背景下使用相同的栽培品种。因此,本文说明,具有悠久葡萄种植传统的干旱地区是寻找当地特有葡萄树的理想之地,这些葡萄树显然能够承受严峻的生长条件。我们以达布基(Dabouki)葡萄的悠久传统为重点,提出了有关古代旱地农业系统和陆地栽培品种的历史知识如何促进当代葡萄栽培的可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Shrub canopy effects on moss biocrust, soil properties, and microbiomes in a semi-arid ecosystem: Implications for ecosystem function and sustainability” [J. Arid Environ. 223 (2024) 105182] 对 "灌木树冠对半干旱生态系统中苔藓生物群落、土壤特性和微生物组的影响:对生态系统功能和可持续性的影响" [J. Arid Environ.
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105203
Chang Tian , Chongfeng Bu , Shufang Wu , Kadambot H.M. Siddique , Yahong Li
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引用次数: 0
Do gypsophile lichens exist? Analysis of the affinity for the gypsum substrate of lichen species from Spain 嗜石膏地衣存在吗?西班牙地衣物种对石膏基质的亲和性分析
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105216
Sergio Muriel , Gregorio Aragón , Isabel Martínez , María Prieto

Gypsum soils, despite physico-chemical constraints, harbor a unique biota composed of specialist (gypsophiles) and stress-tolerant non-specialist species (gypsovags). Gypsophily has been addressed in plants, although is important to ask whether lichen communities also contain gypsophile species. Therefore, our main aim is the analysis of the affinity of lichens for the gypsum substrate in Spain. Affinity was estimated using two methods: a “geological method”, overlapping lichen occurrence data on a geological map of Spain; and a “biological method”, overlapping the occurrences on a map constructed with the distribution of plant gypsophiles. To assess the accuracy of both methods, we compared them with a literature review. Lichen occurrence data was obtained from GBIF. The biological method was the most accurate as it showed similar percentages to the literature review. The affinity for gypsum substrate has been effectively demonstrated by the employment of these methods, probing the existence of a group of lichens considered gypsophiles. Twenty lichen species are considered gypsophiles, 7 strict and 13 preferential (ca. 40% of 50 taxa analyzed), and 30 gypsovags. This approximation can apply to the study of the affinity for the substrate for other organisms/substrates, and for characterizing geological units when detailed geological maps are not available.

尽管受到物理化学条件的限制,石膏土壤中仍蕴藏着一种独特的生物群落,由专门物种(嗜石膏生物)和耐压力的非专门物种(地衣物种)组成。嗜石膏生物已在植物中得到研究,但地衣群落中是否也包含嗜石膏生物也是一个重要问题。因此,我们的主要目的是分析西班牙地衣对石膏基质的亲和性。亲和性的估算使用了两种方法:一种是 "地质方法",将地衣的出现数据与西班牙地质图重叠;另一种是 "生物方法",将出现数据与根据嗜石膏植物分布绘制的地图重叠。为了评估这两种方法的准确性,我们将它们与文献综述进行了比较。地衣的出现数据来自 GBIF。生物方法的准确性最高,因为其显示的百分比与文献综述相似。这些方法有效地证明了地衣对石膏基质的亲和性,探究了一组被认为嗜石膏的地衣的存在。有 20 种地衣被认为嗜石膏,其中 7 种严格嗜石膏,13 种偏好石膏(约占分析的 50 个分类群的 40%),还有 30 种嗜石膏。这一近似值可用于研究其他生物/基质对基质的亲和性,以及在没有详细地质图的情况下描述地质单元的特征。
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引用次数: 0
Bio-fertilization of arid lands by terrestrial snails-targeting the wider physiological, geomorphological and agricultural perspectives 陆生蜗牛为干旱土地提供生物肥料--从更广泛的生理、地貌和农业角度看问题
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105215
Amir Mor-Mussery , Rinat Ezra , Hiam Abu-Glion , Eli Zaady

Surveys in arid regions worldwide reveal the widespread presence of naturally found Terrestrial Snails (TSs) in extreme arid and semi-arid regions and poor soil conditions such as eroded loess plains. A significant beneficial connection between TS and their impact on ecosystem functioning is suggested including their use as bio-fertilizers. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2023 in Northern Negev, Israel, at the PWA farm and Sayeret-Shaked LTER. The study aimed to determine the influence of TSs on soil fertility and explore its potential contribution to sustainable and profitable agriculture. The findings indicate that the local TSs contributed to a 2% increase in organic matter content, a significant 60% increase in Calcite-Magnetite, and up to six times higher levels of soluble Calcium and Magnesium compared to unaffected soil. An increase with a potential for CO2 inorganic sequestration. It is also indicated that successful agricultural utilization of TS relies on unmanaged rocky slopes for reproduction, designated migration paths for farmland access, and a unique cultivation approach to enhance decomposition. The finding may enable policymakers, and regional or government agencies to further invest in local ecosystems, and effective management tools for enhancing the reproduction of bio-fertilizers such as TS are also raised.

对全球干旱地区的调查显示,在极端干旱和半干旱地区以及侵蚀黄土高原等贫瘠的土壤条件下,广泛存在自然发现的陆生蜗牛(TS)。研究表明,陆生蜗牛与它们对生态系统功能的影响之间存在着重要的有益联系,包括将它们用作生物肥料。该研究于 2017 年至 2023 年在以色列内盖夫北部的 PWA 农场和 Sayeret-Shaked LTER 进行。研究旨在确定 TSs 对土壤肥力的影响,并探索其对可持续和盈利农业的潜在贡献。研究结果表明,与未受影响的土壤相比,当地 TSs 使有机质含量增加了 2%,钙镁矿含量显著增加了 60%,可溶性钙和镁的含量增加了六倍。这种增加具有二氧化碳无机封存的潜力。研究还表明,TS 的成功农业利用依赖于未经管理的岩坡繁殖、农田出入的指定迁移路径以及促进分解的独特栽培方法。这一发现可帮助政策制定者、地区或政府机构进一步投资于当地生态系统,同时也提出了有效的管理工具,以提高 TS 等生物肥料的繁殖能力。
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引用次数: 0
Cereal cultivation and storage by the Janabib Bedouin in the Negev Highlands, southern Israel (1917–1948) 以色列南部内盖夫高地 Janabib 贝都因人的谷物种植和储存(1917-1948 年)
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105217
Eli Ashkenazi

This study focuses on the traditional methods used by the Janabib Bedouin tribe in the Negev Highlands to cultivate wheat and barley during the British Mandate period from 1917 to 1948. Despite the fact that this region receives only 90 mm of precipitation per year on average, and was located at a great distance from settlements and markets, the local Bedouin cultivated cereals by exploiting the ancient agricultural terraces from the Byzantine period which prevented runoff and distributed water over the agricultural plots. This research also found that the choice of which cereals to grow in different years, were determined by local climatic conditions. Thus, the Bedouin who lived in the Negev Highlands before 1948, developed specific adaptations in order to survive in these arid conditions.

本研究的重点是 1917 年至 1948 年英国托管期间内盖夫高地 Janabib 贝都因部落种植小麦和大麦的传统方法。尽管该地区年平均降水量仅为 90 毫米,且远离居民点和市场,但当地贝都因人仍利用拜占庭时期的古老农业梯田种植谷物,这些梯田可防止径流并将水分配到农田中。这项研究还发现,在不同年份选择种植哪种谷物取决于当地的气候条件。因此,1948 年前生活在内盖夫高地的贝都因人为了在干旱条件下生存,形成了特殊的适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Persistent invasion by non-native species and transition to an upland community after removal of invasive Tamarix in a Californian cienega 非本地物种的持续入侵以及移除入侵柽柳后向高地群落的过渡
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105212
Laurel M. Brigham , Julie Coffey , Megan E. Lulow , Priscilla Ta , Sarah Kimball

The targeted removal of a non-native species can result in secondary invasions and other unexpected shifts in plant community composition, but the persistence of these effects is less well known. We investigated how the plant community changed at three time points including before removal (pre-removal), in the years directly following removal (post-removal), and 16 years following Tamarix removal (recent) in an arid depressional wetland. Non-native species cover increased and several non-native species invaded the study area in the years between post-removal surveys and the recent time period, suggesting Tamarix removal may have been a catalyst for increases in non-native species abundance. We also found an increase in the cover of species tolerating upland conditions, and these species were largely non-native. Overall, interactions between targeted removal and shifts in the abiotic environment due to climate change are important drivers of persistent shifts in the plant community. Hydrogeomorphic restoration is likely needed in tandem with invasive removal to see improvements in riparian health, particularly when the invasive species to be removed is a passenger in addition to being a driver of change.

有针对性地移除非本地物种可能会导致植物群落组成的二次入侵和其他意想不到的变化,但这些影响的持续性却鲜为人知。我们研究了干旱洼地湿地植物群落在三个时间点的变化情况,包括移除前(移除前)、移除后数年(移除后)以及移除柽柳后 16 年(近期)。在移除后调查与近期调查之间的几年里,非本地物种的覆盖率增加了,一些非本地物种入侵了研究区域,这表明柽柳的移除可能是非本地物种丰度增加的催化剂。我们还发现,耐受高地条件的物种覆盖率有所增加,而这些物种大多是非本地物种。总之,目标清除与气候变化导致的非生物环境变化之间的相互作用是植物群落持续变化的重要驱动力。要想改善河岸健康状况,水文地貌恢复很可能需要与入侵物种清除同时进行,尤其是当要清除的入侵物种除了是变化的驱动因素外,还是客体时。
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引用次数: 0
Tree cavities and cavity users in two caldén forests of Argentina managed as a protected area or for cattle ranching 阿根廷两个作为保护区或牧场管理的卡尔德恩森林中的树洞和树洞使用者
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105200
Fernando G. López , M. Emilia Rebollo , Laura A. Bragagnolo , Miguel A. Santillán , Paula M. Orozco Valor , Gimena Pizzarello , Igor Berkunsky , Juan M. Grande

Animal populations that require tree cavities can be either limited or structured depending on the quality and availability of tree cavities in their ecosystems. Over the last century, the Caldén forest of Argentina has experienced severe habitat degradation due to anthropogenic activities. Here, we report the density and characteristics of cavities and their vertebrate users in areas of the Caldén forest with two different types of management: a protected area and an area with cattle ranching. The average density of cavities was 16.1 cavities/ha. However, the reserve's cavity density was four times higher than the ranch's (19.5 vs. 5.8 cavities/ha). The characteristics of the cavities and their support trees showed significant variations, but they were generally similar between sites. Forty-four vertebrate species use or may use tree cavities. The proportion of recorded species using cavities in the reserve was higher (30/41 vs. 6/32; p < 0.01). While most cavity users in the semi-arid forest are not threatened, this ecosystem has been dramatically fragmented, with only 11% of its original area remaining. If anthropogenic activities continue to alter this fragile ecosystem, it is possible that in the future, many species, including tree cavity nesters, will suffer a decline in their populations.

需要树洞的动物种群数量可能有限,也可能结构复杂,这取决于生态系统中树洞的质量和可用性。在过去的一个世纪中,阿根廷的卡尔登森林由于人为活动而经历了严重的栖息地退化。在这里,我们报告了卡尔登森林中两种不同管理类型地区(保护区和放牧区)的树洞密度和特征及其脊椎动物使用者。蛀洞的平均密度为 16.1 个/公顷。然而,保护区的蛀洞密度是牧场的四倍(19.5 对 5.8)。蛀洞及其支撑树的特征有很大差异,但不同地点之间基本相似。有 44 种脊椎动物使用或可能使用树洞。在保护区,有记录的物种使用蛀洞的比例更高(30/41 对 6/32;p < 0.01)。虽然半干旱森林中的大多数蛀洞使用者并未受到威胁,但这一生态系统已被严重破坏,仅剩下其原有面积的11%。如果人类活动继续改变这一脆弱的生态系统,未来包括穴居鸟在内的许多物种的数量都有可能下降。
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引用次数: 0
Impacts of climate change in taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in snakes in largest dry forest ecoregion, the Gran Chaco 气候变化对最大的干旱森林生态区--大查科--蛇类的分类、系统发育和功能多样性的影响
IF 2.6 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105214
Hugo Cabral , Liliana Piatti , Diego Santana

The impacts of anthropogenic activities have significantly contributed to recent and future climate changes worldwide. The future effects of climate change on biodiversity have been intensively studied globally over the past two decades. Currently, dry ecoregions are among the most threatened ecosystems in the world. In South America, three such seasonal dry ecoregions stand out: the Cerrado, Caatinga, and the Gran Chaco. Among these, the Chaco has experienced high deforestation rates and landscape degradation over the last decade, making it a top priority for conservation efforts. In this study, we employed ecological niche modeling to estimate the present and future distribution of snakes in the Chaco region. Our goal was to assess how snake diversity will change with projected climate changes across this geographic area. Our findings suggest that snake assemblages in the Chaco will undergo significant changes under future climatic conditions, with a clear trend toward biotic homogenization of the ecoregion and a decrease in species richness. These negative changes will likely extend to the protected areas within the Chaco, resulting in biotic homogenization and a loss of species richness.

人类活动的影响在很大程度上导致了全球近期和未来的气候变化。过去二十年来,全球范围内对气候变化对生物多样性的未来影响进行了深入研究。目前,干旱生态区是世界上最受威胁的生态系统之一。在南美洲,有三个季节性干旱生态区非常突出:塞拉多(Cerrado)、卡廷加(Caatinga)和大查科(Gran Chaco)。其中,查科在过去十年中经历了高森林砍伐率和景观退化,因此成为保护工作的重中之重。在这项研究中,我们采用生态位模型来估计蛇类在查科地区现在和未来的分布情况。我们的目标是评估蛇类多样性将如何随着预计的气候变化而改变。我们的研究结果表明,在未来的气候条件下,查科地区的蛇群将发生重大变化,生态区域的生物同质化趋势明显,物种丰富度下降。这些负面变化很可能会延伸到查科的保护区,导致生物同质化和物种丰富度的下降。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Arid Environments
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