Journal of Arid Environments最新文献_第2页

When environment meets culture in the arid margin of the Southern Levant 当环境与文化在南黎凡特的干旱边缘相遇

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105262

A. Nigel Goring-Morris, Anna Belfer-Cohen

Research in the arid margins of the Southern Levant has revealed a series of cultural entities related to and interacting with analogues in the more mesic Mediterranean zone. These terminal Pleistocene (Epipalaeolithic) and early Holocene (Pre-Pottery Neolithic) foraging entities display clearly local traits reflecting restricted networking and adaptations at times when environmental conditions deteriorated, and the connections with contemporaneous cultural entities farther afield weakened, combined with connections with the wider pan-regional cultural entities. By examining the specific example of the short-lived Late Epipalaeolithic Harifian culture we attempt to illustrate the manner in which local social behaviours in the landscapes of the arid margins may have contributed to maximizing and prolonging cultural adaptations there especially during periods of variable, yet generally challenging environmental conditions during the Younger Dryas (YD), with a greater degree of isolation from the 'sown land'. Ultimately, a threshold was reached towards the end of the YD, and the Harifian adaptation ceased to be viable, so they had little choice but to abandon their former territories in the Negev and northern Sinai to more favourable environmental conditions, near and, perhaps, far. Speculatively, having to merge with different groups as conditions there were not improving and 'packing' was tight, may have contributed to the emergence of large-scale 'archaic' villages of the PPNA.

在南黎凡特干旱边缘地区进行的研究揭示了一系列文化实体，它们与中温带地中海地区的类似实体相关并相互影响。这些更新世末期（表层石器时代）和全新世早期（陶器前新石器时代）的觅食实体显示出明显的地方特征，反映出在环境条件恶化、与更远地区的同时代文化实体的联系减弱以及与更广泛的泛区域文化实体的联系减弱的情况下，它们的网络和适应能力受到了限制。通过研究昙花一现的旧石器时代晚期哈里菲亚文化这一具体例子，我们试图说明在干旱边缘地区，当地的社会行为可能有助于最大限度地延长文化适应性，尤其是在小干期（YD）环境条件多变但普遍具有挑战性的时期，与 "播种地 "的隔离程度更高。最终，在 YD 末期达到了一个临界点，哈里菲亚人的适应性不再可行，因此他们别无选择，只能放弃内盖夫和西奈半岛北部以前的领地，到近处或远处环境条件更有利的地方去。据推测，由于那里的条件没有得到改善，"包装 "十分严密，他们不得不与不同的族群合并，这可能促成了 PPNA 大规模 "古老 "村落的出现。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrological dichotomy: Streamflow drought in dammed vs. undammed regions of the largest Indian Peninsular basin 水文二分法：印度半岛最大盆地有坝地区与无坝地区的溪流干旱

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105273

Meghomala Ghosal , Somil Swarnkar , Vikas Poonia , Soumya Kundu , Shreejit Pandey

Recurring streamflow drought is a significant problem, and it is necessary to comprehend the spatiotemporal patterns and driving factors of historical droughts in order to manage future water supplies effectively. Drought has significant and often severe effects on semi-arid and arid zones due to the already limited availability of water in these regions. Therefore, this research examines streamflow drought fluctuations in India's second-largest basin, the Godavari. The Godavari Basin experiences diverse climatic conditions ranging from humid in the Western Ghats to semi-arid in central and western regions. Frequent hydrological droughts have plagued the Godavari basin. Still, the impact of human activities and climate change on the streamflow drought characteristics in the Godavari basin has not been thoroughly investigated. Further, assessing the regional control of streamflow drought deficit and intensity in a large river basin like Godavari is crucial. The findings show that streamflow drought is worst in central and eastern Godavari. Additionally, dammed and undammed locations have different streamflow drought characteristics. Droughts have lengthened in dam-affected areas. However, regions without dams have seen more deficit and intensity. Thus, different sustainable water management techniques are needed for the dammed and undammed regions of the Godavari basin.

反复出现的河流干旱是一个重大问题，有必要了解历史干旱的时空模式和驱动因素，以便有效管理未来的供水。干旱对半干旱和干旱地区的影响很大，而且往往很严重，因为这些地区的水资源本来就很有限。因此，本研究对印度第二大盆地戈达瓦里流域的河水干旱波动进行了研究。戈达瓦里流域的气候条件多种多样，从西高止山脉的潮湿地区到中部和西部地区的半干旱地区。频繁的水文干旱一直困扰着戈达瓦里盆地。然而，人类活动和气候变化对戈达瓦里流域水流干旱特征的影响尚未得到深入研究。此外，在戈达瓦里这样的大河流域，评估区域对流体干旱赤字和强度的控制至关重要。研究结果表明，戈达瓦里河中部和东部的水流干旱最为严重。此外，有坝和无坝地区也有不同的水流干旱特征。受水坝影响地区的干旱时间延长。然而，无水坝地区的赤字更多，强度更大。因此，戈达瓦里流域有坝地区和无坝地区需要采用不同的可持续水资源管理技术。

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引用次数: 0

Characterizing the dynamics of climate and native desert plants in Qatar 确定卡塔尔气候和本地沙漠植物的动态特征

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105274

Meshal Abdullah , Ammar Abulibdeh , Sophia Ghanimeh , Helmi Hamdi , Hezam Al- Awah , Talal Al-Awadhi , Midhun Mohan , Zahraa Al-Ali , Abdullah Sukkar , Ahmed M. El Kenawy

This study aims to measure changes in climatic factors and their relationship to vegetation growth in Qatar to develop a plant-climate characterization for native desert plants. By analyzing Landsat satellite images from 1985 to 2022 and their relation to rainfall patterns, we found significant impacts of climatic variables on vegetation coverage, particularly after 1990. Increased drought seasons correlated with changes in annual temperature, dew point, and soil temperature. Vegetation growth depended not only on rainfall amount but also on the number of rainfall events and accumulation. Optimal rainfall events per year ranged from 10 to 15, with 70 mm being the threshold for healthy vegetation growth. However, the probability of rainfall events over 80 mm was less than 5%, while low rainfall seasons (1–17 mm) were more likely (90–99% chance). Additionally, vegetation cover varied between protected sites, indicating the complexity of arid lands influenced by factors like topography and soil type. These findings suggest a continued decrease in vegetation coverage, leading to more drought seasons and impacting water and food security. We recommend further research on supplementary irrigation to support native species, understand their seasonal growth stages, and better comprehend soil-plant-water connections and water requirements. This study's findings will also inform strategies for managing water resources in protected areas and help in designing policies aimed at mitigating the impacts of climate change on Qatar's fragile desert ecosystems.

本研究旨在测量卡塔尔气候因素的变化及其与植被生长的关系，从而为本土沙漠植物制定植物-气候特征描述。通过分析 1985 年至 2022 年的 Landsat 卫星图像及其与降雨模式的关系，我们发现气候变量对植被覆盖有显著影响，尤其是在 1990 年之后。干旱季节的增加与年气温、露点和土壤温度的变化相关。植被生长不仅取决于降雨量，还取决于降雨次数和累积量。最理想的年降雨量为 10 至 15 次，其中 70 毫米是植被健康生长的临界值。然而，降雨量超过 80 毫米的概率不到 5%，而降雨量较少的季节（1-17 毫米）的概率更高（90-99%）。此外，不同保护地的植被覆盖率也不尽相同，这表明干旱地区受地形和土壤类型等因素影响的复杂性。这些研究结果表明，植被覆盖率会持续下降，导致干旱季节增多，影响水和粮食安全。我们建议进一步开展补充灌溉研究，以支持本地物种，了解其季节性生长阶段，并更好地理解土壤-植物-水之间的联系和对水的需求。这项研究的结果还将为保护区的水资源管理策略提供参考，并有助于制定旨在减轻气候变化对卡塔尔脆弱的沙漠生态系统的影响的政策。

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引用次数: 0

Estimation of carbon stocks in the areas of a seasonally dry tropical forest in the Brazilian semi-arid region 巴西半干旱地区季节性干旱热带森林碳储量估算

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105271

Maiara Pedral dos Santos , Matheus Magalhães Silva Moura , Alexandre de Siqueira Pinto , Aldo Torres Sales , Eunice Maia de Andrade , Rômulo Simões Cezar Menezes , Claudinei Oliveira dos Santos , Antônio Samuel Alves da Silva

In addition to its ecological importance, the Caatinga biome, one of the most extensive seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTF) in the world, has a relevant socioeconomic role as it is used as a primary natural resource by local communities. However, inadequate ecosystem management practices have resulted in gradual loss of natural vegetation in this ecosystem. Carbon stock estimation is a parameter that can contribute as a support tool for managing and maintaining the few remaining natural vegetated areas. In this study, we calibrated and validated the CENTURY model to simulate carbon stocks in areas of the Caatinga, in the state of Pernambuco, and compared the predictive capacity of the CENTURY model with available estimates. In the validation dataset, the average for biomass stocks was 33.1 Mg C ha⁻¹, this value is close to those observed in the literature for the region. The model also performed well when estimating carbon stocks in the soil (r² = 0.79, p = 0.017). Ecosystem modeling combined with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a promising tool for estimating carbon stocks in the Caatinga, where field sampling campaigns are generally expensive and have scarce research funding opportunities. Furthermore, it also allows the evaluation of the effect of environmental changes on C stocks in long-term studies, which is essential for creating and implementing public policies to mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change on the ecosystem. However, additional efforts are needed to improve C estimates, especially in areas with a strongly negative water balance.

卡廷加生物群落是世界上最广阔的季节性干旱热带森林（SDTF）之一，除了具有重要的生态意义外，还具有相关的社会经济作用，因为当地社区将其作为主要的自然资源。然而，不当的生态系统管理措施导致该生态系统中的天然植被逐渐消失。碳储量估算是一个有助于管理和维护所剩无几的天然植被区的辅助工具参数。在这项研究中，我们对 CENTURY 模型进行了校准和验证，以模拟伯南布哥州卡廷加地区的碳储量，并将 CENTURY 模型的预测能力与现有的估计值进行了比较。在验证数据集中，生物量存量的平均值为 33.1 兆克碳/公顷-1，这一数值与该地区的文献观测值相近。该模型在估算土壤中的碳储量时也表现良好（r2 = 0.79，p = 0.017）。生态系统建模与地理信息系统（GIS）相结合，是估算卡廷加区碳储量的一个很有前途的工具，因为在卡廷加区，野外取样活动一般都很昂贵，研究经费也很少。此外，它还能在长期研究中评估环境变化对碳储量的影响，这对制定和实施公共政策以减轻和适应气候变化对生态系统的影响至关重要。不过，还需要做出更多努力来改进碳储量的估算，尤其是在水量负平衡严重的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Socio-economic impact of Woodfuel production in dryland environment of Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚干旱地区木质燃料生产的社会经济影响

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105272

Gonche Girma , Abebaw Shimeles

Policymakers and other planners often discuss woodfuel production in relation to environmental sustainability, energy, and livelihood. There is a growing awareness of the negative environmental impacts of woodfuel, such as deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the relationship between woodfuel production and other socio-economic and livelihood issues has been less explored. This study aims to investigate the socioeconomic implications of woodfuel production in Ethiopia's dry woodlands. A total of 1114 respondents were selected from households that produce woodfuel and those that do not. Data was collected through key informant interviews, focus groups, and household surveys. The study examined the impact of woodfuel production on total annual cash income and overall livelihood assets using a propensity score matching (PSM) model. Woodfuel contributes significantly to household income, with charcoal accounting for 35.9% and firewood for 6.6% of total yearly cash income. On average, woodfuel makes up between 4.5% and 70% of total yearly cash revenue for households. The impact of woodfuel production on households' yearly cash income and overall livelihood assets was Ethiopian Birr 21,673.63($387) and Ethiopian Birr 10,304.21($184), respectively. The findings suggest that organizations and planners should prioritize sustainable woodfuel production by balancing socioeconomic, institutional, and technological with environmental impacts.

政策制定者和其他规划者经常将木材燃料生产与环境可持续性、能源和生计联系起来讨论。人们越来越意识到木质燃料对环境的负面影响，如森林砍伐和温室气体排放。然而，人们对木材燃料生产与其他社会经济和生计问题之间的关系探讨较少。本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚干旱林地木材燃料生产的社会经济影响。研究人员从生产木材燃料和不生产木材燃料的家庭中选取了 1114 名受访者。数据是通过关键信息提供者访谈、焦点小组和家庭调查收集的。研究采用倾向得分匹配 (PSM) 模型考察了木质燃料生产对年度现金总收入和总体生计资产的影响。木质燃料对家庭收入的贡献很大，木炭占年度现金总收入的 35.9%，木柴占 6.6%。平均而言，木柴燃料占家庭全年现金总收入的 4.5% 到 70%。木柴生产对家庭年度现金收入和总体生计资产的影响分别为 21,673.63 埃塞俄比亚比尔（387 美元）和 10,304.21 埃塞俄比亚比尔（184 美元）。研究结果表明，各组织和规划者应优先考虑可持续木材燃料生产，平衡社会经济、制度、技术和环境影响。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of climatic events and land-use land-cover changes on evapotranspiration in a semiarid region of South Africa 气候事件和土地使用土地覆盖变化对南非半干旱地区蒸散量的影响

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105268

Wendy Ludewig, Cletah Shoko

Climatic extremes remain serious threats to various processes of the hydrological cycle including evapotranspiration (ET). This study determined the spatial and temporal variations of ET for different land use land cover (LULC) types and the influence of certain climatic phenomena Western Cape. The study used Landsat 8 images, for ET estimation (with the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and to map the various LULC types using Support Vector Machine during El Nino in 2015–2016, normal year in 2019–2020, and La Nina in 2020–2021. The results show an increase in ET during La Nina (2.39 mm/day) and El Nino (2.36 mm/day) years compared to the normal year (1.62 mm/day). The increase in ET during El Nino and La Nina years could be caused by the increased temperature and rainfall. Agriculture was the most prominent LULC type covering 62.87% and bare land was the least covering 0.64%. For the whole study period, water had the lowest ET (average of 2.72 mm/day in summer and 1.87 mm/day in winter), whereas agricultural land had the highest ET (average ET of 3.74 mm/day in summer and 2.17 mm/day in winter). These results highlight the effect of climatic events on water loss for water resources allocation especially during extreme climatic events.

极端气候仍然严重威胁着包括蒸散作用 (ET) 在内的各种水文循环过程。这项研究确定了不同土地利用类型的蒸散发的空间和时间变化，以及某些气候现象对西开普省的影响。该研究使用大地遥感卫星 8 号（Landsat 8）图像进行蒸散发估算（利用地表能量平衡系统（SEBS）），并在 2015-2016 年厄尔尼诺、2019-2020 年正常年和 2020-2021 年拉尼娜期间使用支持向量机绘制各种 LULC 类型的地图。结果显示，与正常年份（1.62 毫米/天）相比，拉尼娜年（2.39 毫米/天）和厄尔尼诺年（2.36 毫米/天）期间的蒸散发增加了。厄尔尼诺年和拉尼娜年的蒸散发增加可能是由于温度和降雨量增加所致。农业是最主要的 LULC 类型，占 62.87%，裸地最少，仅占 0.64%。在整个研究期间，水的蒸散发量最低（夏季平均为 2.72 毫米/天，冬季平均为 1.87 毫米/天），而农业用地的蒸散发量最高（夏季平均为 3.74 毫米/天，冬季平均为 2.17 毫米/天）。这些结果凸显了气候事件对水资源分配中水损失的影响，尤其是在极端气候事件期间。

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引用次数: 0

Facilitation and its effect on vital rates of the living rock cactus Ariocarpus retusus 促进作用及其对活体岩仙人掌（Ariocarpus retusus）生命速率的影响

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105265

Diana Cárdenas-Ramos , Vinicio J. Sosa , Pedro Luis Valverde , María C. Mandujano

Nurse plants modify environments conditions under their canopies, facilitating recruitment and benefiting protected plant. This effect varies with the life cycle stages and characteristics of interacting plants. We conducted a demographic study to understand the impacts of nurse plants on the vital rates of Ariocarpus retusus (Cactaceae) during two years. We identified the location of the cacti (open space, biotic nurse or abiotic nurse) and calculated their relative growth rates (RGRs). The population is numerically stable, with a tendency for growth in both years of study (λ = 1.008 and λ = 1.044). The highest sensitivity was in stasis, and the greatest vulnerability was in the seed to seedling transition. The RGR depends more on life stage than on microhabitat, it is high in seedlings and juveniles but drops below zero in adults. The association with biotic nurses is rare but reduces mortality and favors stasis. Fouquieria splendens, Hechtia sanchezii and Jatropha dioica supports many established cacti under its canopy, although they are not dominant species. Nurse plants' effects on fecundity vary and there is high fecundity in cacti associated with Turnera diffusa. Leaf phenology of this species may determine soil nutrient availability through leaf litter, providing resources for reproduction.

有营养的植物可改变其树冠下的环境条件，促进新植株的生长并使受保护植物受益。这种影响会随着交互作用植物的生命周期阶段和特征而变化。我们进行了一项人口统计学研究，以了解护卫植物在两年内对仙人掌（仙人掌科）Ariocarpus retus 生命速率的影响。我们确定了仙人掌的位置（空地、生物哺育植物或非生物哺育植物），并计算了它们的相对增长率（RGRs）。种群数量稳定，在研究的两年中都有增长趋势（λ = 1.008 和 λ = 1.044）。停滞期的敏感性最高，种子到幼苗过渡阶段的脆弱性最大。RGR更多取决于生命阶段而不是微生境，幼苗和幼体的RGR较高，而成体的RGR则降到零以下。与生物哺育者的联系很少，但会降低死亡率，有利于停滞。Fouquieria splendens、Hechtia sanchezii 和麻风树（Jatropha dioica）在其树冠下支持许多仙人掌，尽管它们不是优势物种。哺育植物对繁殖力的影响各不相同，与 Turnera diffusa 相关的仙人掌繁殖力很高。该物种的叶片物候可能会通过落叶决定土壤养分的可用性，从而为繁殖提供资源。

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引用次数: 0

The Nexus between Land Use/Cover changes and Land Surface Temperature: Remote sensing based Two-Decadal Analysis 土地利用/覆盖变化与地表温度之间的联系：基于遥感的十年期分析

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105269

Pouyan Dehghan Rahimabadi , Bing Liu , Hossein Azarnivand , Arash Malekian , Hadi Eskandari Damaneh

The use of Remote Sensing (RS) data is crucial for promptly detecting and monitoring changes in both short and long term, providing real time information on Land Use/Cover (LULC), Land Surface Temperature (LST), and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), adapting spatio-temporal variations. The primary focus of this study is to assess the effect of LULC changes on LST in Tashk-Bakhtegan and Maharloo (TBM) lakes basin, Iran, within 2001, 2011, and 2021, using MODIS data. Specifically, five main LULC classes involving: water body, rangeland, cropland, urban area, and bareland were identified. Beside accuracy and transition of LULC maps using User Accuracy (UA), Producer Accuracy (PA), and Kappa Coefficient (KC), the analysis included changes in LULC, Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and LST, as well as the relationship among them when vegetation cover was at its peak. Moreover, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to group these variables using Duncan's test. The results showed that the accuracy of LULC maps were more than 84% for all the years. Furthermore, the conversion of croplands to rangelands showed the most significant changes, with a total of 1311.38 km² during 2001–2021. Average EVI remained almost stable across the total area, whereas average LST generally increased by 0.65 °C. Barelands consistently exhibited the highest temperatures in all the years, followed by urban areas. While no significant changes were observed in the EVI averages, significant changes were observed in the LST across all LULC classes in different years. The results also indicated a consistent negative correlation between LST and EVI, stronger in croplands than rangelands, with Spearman's correlation coefficient of −0.714, −0.674, and −0.623 over the total area in 2001, 2011, and 2021, respectively. The findings are crucial for land planners to comprehend the effects of LULC changes on LST to adopt appropriate strategies in the TBM lakes basin.

遥感（RS）数据的使用对于及时发现和监测短期和长期变化至关重要，可提供有关土地利用/覆盖（LULC）、地表温度（LST）和增强植被指数（EVI）的实时信息，并适应时空变化。本研究的主要重点是利用 MODIS 数据，评估 2001 年、2011 年和 2021 年间 LULC 变化对伊朗 Tashk-Bakhtegan 和 Maharloo（TBM）湖流域 LST 的影响。具体而言，确定了五种主要的 LULC 类别，包括：水体、牧场、耕地、城市地区和裸地。除了利用用户精度（UA）、生产者精度（PA）和卡帕系数（KC）分析 LULC 地图的准确性和过渡性外，还分析了植被覆盖度最高时 LULC、增强植被指数（EVI）和 LST 的变化以及它们之间的关系。此外，还利用邓肯检验法对这些变量进行了单因子方差分析（ANOVA）。结果表明，所有年份 LULC 地图的准确率均超过 84%。此外，耕地向牧场的转化变化最为显著，2001-2021 年间共转化了 1311.38 平方公里。整个区域的平均 EVI 几乎保持稳定，而平均 LST 则普遍上升了 0.65 °C。在所有年份中，裸地的温度始终最高，其次是城市地区。虽然经济脆弱性指数平均值没有明显变化，但所有土地利用、土地利用变化和土地利用类型的 LST 在不同年份都有明显变化。结果还表明，地表温度与植被指数之间存在持续的负相关关系，耕地的负相关关系强于牧场，2001 年、2011 年和 2021 年总面积的斯皮尔曼相关系数分别为-0.714、-0.674 和-0.623。这些研究结果对于土地规划者理解土地利用、土地利用变化和碳氢化合物变化对土地ST的影响，从而在TBM湖泊流域采取适当的策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Ecosystems managed for wildlife and livestock: Contrasting herbivore impacts in a heavily grazed African savanna 为野生动物和牲畜管理的生态系统：重度放牧的非洲热带草原上食草动物的影响对比

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105267

Michael D. Voysey , Sally Archibald , Mathew A. Harris , Gareth P. Hempson , Michelle Greve

Replacement of diverse wild herbivore assemblages by livestock across expansive regions of African savanna grassland is predicted to modify tree-grass interactions. Yet, despite the ubiquity of this herbivore regime change, consequences of shifting from wildlife to livestock for savanna ecosystems are poorly resolved. We assessed the effects of livestock grazing on the herbaceous community of a nutrient rich, semi-arid savanna. Direct and indirect impacts - moderated via differences in tree cover - of intensive cattle grazing in communal rangelands, on the herbaceous community were contrasted with heavily utilized wild herbivore grazing systems. Communal rangelands showed a more than two-fold increase in woody cover compared to wildlife areas. Herbaceous differences between wildlife and livestock areas were driven primarily by changes in the area beneath trees, and differences in how densely wooded areas are used by wildlife and livestock. In wildlife systems, grazing intensity was much lower below than away from tree canopies, whereas in livestock systems grazing intensity was high irrespective of tree canopy presence. Away from trees, structure and functional traits of herbaceous vegetation were markedly similar between the two herbivory systems. In our study area, communal rangelands used by livestock, predominantly cattle, are not a degraded subset of wildlife areas but support near equivalent diversity, although with different grass and forb species, and warrants consideration when evaluating their contribution to biodiversity conservation in the region. Nonetheless, higher bare ground cover and the lack of tall-grass reserves mean that communally managed rangelands with low grazer diversity might be more sensitive to intra- and inter-annual climate variability since they are associated with lower forage variability.

在非洲广袤的热带稀树草原上，牲畜取代了多种野生食草动物，预计这将改变树与草之间的相互作用。然而，尽管这种食草动物系统的变化无处不在，但从野生动物到牲畜的转变对热带稀树草原生态系统的影响还没有得到很好的解决。我们评估了牲畜放牧对营养丰富的半干旱热带稀树草原草本群落的影响。通过树木覆盖率的差异缓和公社牧场密集放牧对草本群落的直接和间接影响，并将其与大量利用野生食草动物的放牧系统进行对比。与野生动物区相比，公有牧场的林木覆盖率增加了两倍多。野生动物区和牲畜区草本植物的差异主要是由树下面积的变化以及野生动物和牲畜对林木密集区的利用程度差异造成的。在野生动物系统中，树冠下的放牧强度远低于树冠外的放牧强度，而在牲畜系统中，无论是否有树冠，放牧强度都很高。在远离树木的地方，两种草食系统的草本植被结构和功能特征明显相似。在我们的研究区域，以牛为主的牲畜使用的公共牧场并不是野生生物区的退化子集，而是支持近乎同等的多样性，尽管草和草本植物的种类不同，在评估它们对该地区生物多样性保护的贡献时值得考虑。尽管如此，较高的裸露地面覆盖率和高草保护区的缺乏意味着，放牧多样性较低的社区管理牧场可能对年内和年际气候变异更加敏感，因为它们与较低的饲料变异有关。

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引用次数: 0

Macroinvertebrate assemblage variations among aquatic habitat types across the arid Central Andes (Northwest Argentina) 干旱的安第斯山脉中部（阿根廷西北部）水生生境类型之间的大型无脊椎动物组合变化

IF 2.6 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Journal of Arid Environments

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105266

Marcela Alejandra De Paul , Raquel M. Gleiser , Juan Pablo Villafañe

Andean macroinvertebrate diversity, habitat association and trophic structure. The Central Andes harbour globally unique species due to its complex topography, altitude gradients, and mountain orientations. Puna and High-Andean ecoregions of Argentina, part of the Central Andes, are among the world's driest areas. Despite the recognized importance for biodiversity of the scarce Andean aquatic ecosystems, knowledge about their invertebrate fauna remains limited. The objective of this study was to identify the benthic macroinvertebrate diversity associated with the diverse types of water bodies and their water quality characteristics in high altitude environments. Four aquatic habitat types were defined based on characteristics of their water flow: rivers and streams (RS, lotic), peatlands (P, minimum current flow), shallow salty pool (SSP, lentic) and shallow brackish lagoons (L, lentic). Significant differences were detected in conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) between aquatic habitat types. Ninety-five taxa and 4 phyla were registered: Arthropoda, Nematoda, Mollusca and Annelida. Insecta class represented 83% of the total richness of arthropods, being Diptera dominant with 47 taxa, followed by Coleoptera and Ephemeroptera. Richness was explained by water flow, DO and EC. Taxonomic composition differed between aquatic habitat types. Collector-gatherers and predators were dominant, indicating a dependence on the shore vegetation and hydrophytes.

安第斯大型无脊椎动物的多样性、生境关联和营养结构。中安第斯山脉因其复杂的地形、海拔梯度和山脉走向而拥有全球独一无二的物种。阿根廷的普纳和高安第斯生态区是中安第斯山脉的一部分，也是世界上最干旱的地区之一。尽管稀缺的安第斯水生生态系统对生物多样性的重要性已得到公认，但人们对其无脊椎动物群的了解仍然有限。本研究旨在确定与高海拔环境中不同类型水体及其水质特征相关的底栖大型无脊椎动物多样性。根据水流特征定义了四种水生生境类型：河流和溪流（RS，lotic）、泥炭地（P，最小水流）、浅咸池（SSP，lentic）和浅咸泻湖（L，lentic）。水生生境类型之间的电导率（EC）和溶解氧（DO）存在显著差异。登记了 95 个类群和 4 个门类：节肢动物门、线虫动物门、软体动物门和无脊椎动物门。昆虫类占节肢动物总丰富度的 83%，以双翅目为主，有 47 个类群，其次是鞘翅目和蜉蝣目。水流、溶解氧和导电率可解释丰富度。不同水生生境类型的分类组成各不相同。采集-采集者和捕食者占优势，表明它们依赖于岸边植被和水草。

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引用次数: 0