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P1, N170, and N250 Event-related Potential Components Reflect Temporal Perception Processing in Face and Body Personal Identification P1、N170 和 N250 事件相关电位成分反映了面部和身体个人识别中的时间感知处理。
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02167
Hideaki Tanaka;Peilun Jiang
Human faces and bodies represent various socially important signals. Although adults encounter numerous new people in daily life, they can recognize hundreds to thousands of different individuals. However, the neural mechanisms that differentiate one person from another person are unclear. This study aimed to clarify the temporal dynamics of the cognitive processes of face and body personal identification using face-sensitive ERP components (P1, N170, and N250). The present study performed three blocks (face–face, face–body, and body–body) of different ERP adaptation paradigms. Furthermore, in the above three blocks, ERP components were used to compare brain biomarkers under three conditions (same person, different person of the same sex, and different person of the opposite sex). The results showed that the P1 amplitude for the face–face block was significantly greater than that for the body–body block, that the N170 amplitude for a different person of the same sex condition was greater than that for the same person condition in the right hemisphere only, and that the N250 amplitude gradually increased as the degree of face and body sex–social categorization grew closer (i.e., same person condition > different person of the same sex condition > different person of the opposite sex condition). These results suggest that early processing of the face and body processes the face and body separately and that structural encoding and personal identification of the face and body process the face and body collaboratively.
人的面孔和身体代表着各种重要的社会信号。虽然成年人在日常生活中会遇到许多新的人,但他们可以识别成百上千个不同的个体。然而,区分一个人和另一个人的神经机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在利用对脸部敏感的ERP成分(P1、N170和N250)来阐明脸部和身体个人识别认知过程的时间动态。本研究进行了三个区块(脸-脸、脸-身体和身体-身体)的不同ERP适应范式。此外,在上述三个区块中,ERP成分还用于比较三种条件(同一人、同性不同人和异性不同人)下的大脑生物标志物。结果显示,脸-脸区块的 P1 波幅明显大于身体-身体区块,同性不同人条件下的 N170 波幅仅在右半球大于同人条件下的 N170 波幅,N250 波幅随着脸部和身体性别-社会分类程度的接近而逐渐增大(即同人条件>同性不同人条件>异性不同人条件)。这些结果表明,脸部和身体的早期加工是分别处理脸部和身体的,而脸部和身体的结构编码和个人识别则是共同处理脸部和身体的。
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引用次数: 0
The Neural Corelates of Constructing Conceptual and Perceptual Representations of Autobiographical Memories 构建自传体记忆的概念和感知表征的神经核心环节
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02170
Lauri Gurguryan;Can Fenerci;Nguyet Ngo;Signy Sheldon
Contemporary neurocognitive frameworks propose that conceptual and perceptual content of autobiographical memories—personal past experiences—are processed by dissociable neural systems. Other work has proposed a central role of the anterior hippocampus in initially constructing autobiographical memories, regardless of the content. Here, we report on an fMRI study that utilized a repeated retrieval paradigm to test these ideas. In an MRI scanner, participants retrieved autobiographical memories at three timepoints. During the third retrieval, participants either shifted their focus to the conceptual content of the memory, the perceptual content of the memory, or retrieved the memory as they had done so on previous trials. We observed stronger anterior hippocampal activity for the first retrieval compared with later retrievals, regardless of whether there was a shift in content in those later trials. We also found evidence for separate cortical systems when constructing autobiographical memories with a focus on conceptual or perceptual content. Finally, we found that there was common engagement between later retrievals that required a shift toward conceptual content and the initial retrieval of a memory. This final finding was explored further with a behavioral experiment that provided evidence that focusing on conceptual content of a memory guides memory construction, whereas perceptual content adds precision to a memory. Together, these findings suggest there are distinct content-oriented cortical systems that work with the anterior hippocampus to construct representations of autobiographical memories.
当代神经认知框架认为,自传体记忆的概念和感知内容--个人过去的经历--是由可分离的神经系统处理的。其他研究则提出,无论自传体记忆的内容如何,前海马体在最初构建自传体记忆时都扮演着核心角色。在此,我们报告了一项利用重复检索范式来检验这些观点的 fMRI 研究。在磁共振成像扫描仪中,参与者在三个时间点检索自传体记忆。在第三次检索过程中,参与者要么将注意力转移到记忆的概念内容、记忆的感知内容上,要么按照之前的试验方法检索记忆。我们观察到,与后面的检索相比,第一次检索的海马前部活动更强,无论后面的试验内容是否发生了转变。我们还发现,在构建侧重于概念或感知内容的自传体记忆时,有证据表明大脑皮层系统是独立的。最后,我们发现,在需要转向概念内容的后期检索和记忆的初始检索之间存在共同的参与。我们通过一项行为实验进一步探讨了这一最终发现,实验证明,关注记忆的概念性内容能引导记忆的构建,而知觉性内容则能提高记忆的精确度。这些发现共同表明,存在着不同的以内容为导向的大脑皮层系统,它们与前海马共同构建自传体记忆的表征。
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引用次数: 0
Early Rise and Persistent Inhibition of Electromyography during Failed Stopping 停车失败时肌电图的早起和持续抑制
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02174
Mitchell Fisher;Hoa Trinh;Jessica O’Neill;Ian Greenhouse
Reactively canceling movements is a vital feature of the motor system to ensure safety. This behavior can be studied in the laboratory using the stop-signal task. There remains ambiguity about whether a “point-of-no-return” exists, after which a response cannot be aborted. A separate question concerns whether motor system inhibition associated with attempted stopping persists when stopping is unsuccessful. We address these two questions using electromyography (EMG) in two stop-signal task experiments. Experiment 1 (n = 24) involved simple right and left index finger responses in separate task blocks. Experiment 2 (n = 28) involved a response choice between the right index and pinky fingers. To evaluate the approximate point of no return, we measured EMG in responding fingers during the 100 msec preceding the stop signal and observed significantly greater EMG amplitudes during failed than successful stopping in both experiments. Thus, EMG before the stop signal differentiated success, regardless of whether there was a response choice. To address whether motor inhibition persists after failed stopping, we assessed EMG peak-to-offset durations and slopes (i.e., rate of EMG decline) for go, failed stop, and successful stop (partial response) trials. EMG peak-to-offset was shorter and steeper for failed stopping compared to go and successful stop partial response trials, suggesting motor inhibition persists even when failing to stop. These findings indicate EMG is sensitive to a “transition zone” at which the relative likelihood of stop failure versus success inverts and also suggest peak-to-offset time of response-related EMG activity during failed stopping reflects stopping-related inhibition.
反应性取消动作是运动系统确保安全的一个重要特征。这种行为可以通过停止信号任务在实验室中进行研究。关于是否存在一个 "不归点",即在该点之后不能终止反应,目前仍存在模糊不清的地方。另一个问题是,当停止不成功时,与试图停止有关的运动系统抑制是否会持续存在。我们在两个停止信号任务实验中使用肌电图(EMG)来解决这两个问题。实验 1(n = 24)涉及在不同任务块中简单的左右食指反应。实验 2(n = 28)涉及右手食指和小指之间的反应选择。为了评估 "不归点 "的大致位置,我们测量了停止信号发出前 100 毫秒内做出反应的手指的肌电图。因此,无论是否有反应选择,停止信号前的肌电图都能区分成功与否。为了解决停止失败后运动抑制是否持续的问题,我们评估了前进、停止失败和成功停止(部分反应)试验的肌电图峰值到峰值的持续时间和斜率(即肌电图下降率)。与前进和成功停止部分反应试验相比,停止失败的 EMG 峰值到峰值的持续时间更短,斜率更大,这表明即使停止失败,运动抑制仍然存在。这些研究结果表明,EMG 对 "过渡区 "很敏感,在这个过渡区,停止失败与成功的相对可能性发生了逆转,同时还表明,在停止失败时,与反应相关的 EMG 活动的峰值到偏移时间反映了与停止相关的抑制。
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引用次数: 0
Speaker Competence Affects Prefrontal Theta and Occipital Alpha Power during Selective Word Learning in Preschoolers 在学龄前儿童选择性词汇学习过程中,说话者的能力会影响前额叶 Theta 和枕叶 Alpha 功率。
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02162
Julia Brehm;Liridona Hoti;Myriam C. Sander;Markus Werkle-Bergner;Anja Gampe;Moritz M. Daum
In the present study, we investigated the cognitive processes underlying selective word learning in preschoolers. We measured rhythmic neural activity in the theta (4–8 Hz) and alpha frequency range (7–12 Hz) in 67 four-year-olds. EEG was recorded during anticipation and encoding of novel labeling events performed by a speaker who had previously shown either competence (correct) or incompetence (incorrect) in labeling familiar objects. In both groups, children selected the target object equally often upon recall. However, children observing the incompetent speaker revealed weaker representations of novel words indicated by an increased likelihood for selecting familiar but incorrect items upon recall. Modulations in theta and alpha power suggest differential processing of novel label–object pairs depending on the speakers' competence. In the incompetent, but not the competent, speaker condition, increases in prefrontal theta power during anticipation and encoding were related to increased recall success. Findings suggest that theta power in the present study reflects cognitive control. In both conditions, occipital alpha power—indicating attentional processes—reflected familiarity with novel items, but in opposite directions. In familiar item trials, alpha power was increased observing the incompetent and decreased observing the competent speaker. Thus, both cognitive control and attention processes during word learning are differentially affected by speaker characteristics.
在本研究中,我们调查了学龄前儿童选择性单词学习的认知过程。我们测量了 67 名四岁儿童的θ(4-8 Hz)和α频率范围(7-12 Hz)的节律神经活动。我们记录了儿童在期待和编码新标签事件时的脑电图,该标签事件是由一名先前在给熟悉物体贴标签时表现出有能力(正确)或无能力(不正确)的说话者完成的。两组儿童在回忆时选择目标物体的频率相同。然而,观察不称职的演讲者的儿童对新词的表征较弱,这表现在他们在回忆时选择熟悉但不正确的项目的可能性增加。θ和α功率的调节表明,根据说话者能力的不同,对新标签-对象对的处理也不同。在无能力(而非有能力)说话者的条件下,预测和编码期间前额叶θ功率的增加与回忆成功率的增加有关。研究结果表明,本研究中的θ功率反映了认知控制。在这两种条件下,枕叶α功率--表明注意过程--反映了对新项目的熟悉程度,但方向相反。在熟悉的项目试验中,观察不称职的发言者时,α功率会增加,而观察称职的发言者时,α功率会降低。因此,单词学习过程中的认知控制和注意过程都会受到说话者特征的不同影响。
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引用次数: 0
Perceptual Expectations Are Reflected by Early Alpha Power Reduction 早期阿尔法功率下降反映了感知预期。
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02169
Szabolcs Sáringer;Ágnes Fehér;Gyula Sáry;Péter Kaposvári
The predictability of a stimulus can be characterized by its transitional probability. Perceptual expectations derived from the transitional probability of the stimulus were found to modulate the early alpha oscillations in the sensory regions of the brain when neural responses to expected versus unexpected stimuli were compared. The objective of our study was to find out the extent to which this low-frequency oscillation reflects stimulus predictability. We aimed to detect the alpha-power difference with smaller differences in transitional probabilities by comparing expected stimuli with neutral ones. We studied the effect of expectation on perception by applying an unsupervised visual statistical learning paradigm with expected and neutral stimuli embedded in an image sequence while recording EEG. Time–frequency analysis showed that expected stimuli elicit lower alpha power in the window of 8–12 Hz and 0–400 msec after stimulus presentation, appearing in the centroparietal region. Comparing previous findings of expectancy-based alpha-band modulation with our results suggests that early alpha oscillation shows an inverse relationship with stimulus predictability. Although current data are insufficient to determine the origin of the alpha power reduction, this could be a potential sign of expectation suppression in cortical oscillatory activity.
刺激的可预测性可以用其过渡概率来描述。在对预期刺激和意外刺激的神经反应进行比较时,发现根据刺激的过渡概率得出的知觉预期会调节大脑感觉区域的早期α振荡。我们研究的目的是找出这种低频振荡在多大程度上反映了刺激的可预测性。我们的目的是通过比较预期刺激和中性刺激,检测过渡概率差异较小的阿尔法功率差异。我们通过无监督视觉统计学习范式,在图像序列中嵌入预期刺激和中性刺激,同时记录脑电图,研究了预期对感知的影响。时频分析表明,预期刺激会在刺激呈现后的 8-12 赫兹和 0-400 毫秒内引起较低的α功率,出现在顶叶中央区。将以往基于预期的阿尔法波段调制研究结果与我们的研究结果进行比较后发现,早期阿尔法振荡与刺激的可预测性呈反比关系。虽然目前的数据不足以确定α功率降低的原因,但这可能是皮层振荡活动中预期抑制的潜在迹象。
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引用次数: 0
Stopping Speed in Response to Auditory and Visual Stop Signals Depends on Go Signal Modality 对听觉和视觉停车信号的停车速度取决于围棋信号模式
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02171
Simon Weber;Sauro E. Salomoni;Rebecca J. St George;Mark R. Hinder
Past research has found that the speed of the action cancellation process is influenced by the sensory modality of the environmental change that triggers it. However, the effect on selective stopping processes (where participants must cancel only one component of a multicomponent movement) remains unknown, despite these complex movements often being required as we navigate our busy modern world. Thirty healthy adults (mean age = 31.1 years, SD = 10.5) completed five response-selective stop signal tasks featuring different combinations of “go signal” modality (the environmental change baring an imperative to initiate movement; auditory or visual) and “stop signal” modality (the environmental change indicating that action cancellation is required: auditory, visual, or audiovisual). EMG recordings of effector muscles allowed detailed comparison of the characteristics of voluntary action and cancellation between tasks. Behavioral and physiological measures of stopping speed demonstrated that the modality of the go signal influenced how quickly participants cancelled movement in response to the stop signal: Stopping was faster in two cross-modal experimental conditions (auditory go – visual stop; visual go – auditory stop), than in two conditions using the same modality for both signals. A separate condition testing for multisensory facilitation revealed that stopping was fastest when the stop signal consisted of a combined audiovisual stimulus, compared with all other go–stop stimulus combinations. These findings provide novel evidence regarding the role of attentional networks in action cancellation and suggest modality-specific cognitive resources influence the latency of the stopping process.
过去的研究发现,动作取消过程的速度会受到引发动作取消的环境变化的感官模式/方式的影响。然而,尽管我们在繁忙的现代社会中经常需要做出这些复杂的动作,但对选择性停止过程(参与者必须只取消一个多成分动作中的一个成分)的影响仍然未知。
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引用次数: 0
Early Electrophysiological Correlates of Perceptual Consciousness Are Affected by Both Exogenous and Endogenous Attention 知觉意识的早期电生理相关性受外源性和内源性注意力的影响
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02156
Łucja Doradzińska;Michał Bola
It has been proposed that visual awareness negativity (VAN), which is an early ERP component, constitutes a neural correlate of visual consciousness that is independent of perceptual and cognitive mechanisms. In the present study, we investigated whether VAN is indeed a specific marker of phenomenal awareness or rather reflects the involvement of attention. To this end, we reanalyzed data collected in a previously published EEG experiment in which awareness of visual stimuli and two aspects that define attentional involvement, namely, the inherent saliency and task relevance of a stimulus, were manipulated orthogonally. During the experimental procedure, participants (n = 41) were presented with images of faces that were backward-masked or unmasked, fearful or neutral, and defined as task-relevant targets or task-irrelevant distractors. Single-trial ERP analysis revealed that VAN was highly dependent on attentional manipulations in the early time window (140–200 msec), up to the point that the effect of awareness was not observed for attentionally irrelevant stimuli (i.e., neutral faces presented as distractors). In the late time window (200–350 msec), VAN was present in all attentional conditions, but its amplitude was significantly higher in response to fearful faces and task-relevant face images than in response to neutral ones and task-irrelevant ones, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the amplitude of VAN is highly dependent on both exogenous (stimulus saliency) and endogenous attention (task requirements). Our results challenge the view that VAN constitutes an attention-independent correlate of phenomenal awareness.
有人提出,视觉意识负性(VAN)是ERP的早期成分,它是视觉意识的神经相关因素,与知觉和认知机制无关。在本研究中,我们探讨了 VAN 是否确实是现象意识的特定标记,还是反映了注意力的参与。为此,我们重新分析了之前发表的一项脑电图实验中收集的数据,在该实验中,视觉刺激的意识和注意力参与的两个方面(即刺激的固有显著性和任务相关性)被正交操纵。在实验过程中,参与者(n = 41)看到的人脸图像是向后遮蔽或未遮蔽、恐惧或中性的,并被定义为与任务相关的目标或与任务无关的干扰物。单次ERP分析表明,在早期时间窗(140-200毫秒)内,VAN高度依赖于注意操作,直到在注意无关刺激(即作为干扰物呈现的中性人脸)上观察不到意识效应。在晚期时间窗(200-350 毫秒)中,VAN 在所有注意条件下都存在,但其对恐惧面孔和任务相关面孔图像的反应幅度分别显著高于对中性面孔和任务无关面孔图像的反应幅度。总之,我们证明了 VAN 的振幅高度依赖于外源性注意(刺激显著性)和内源性注意(任务要求)。我们的研究结果对 VAN 是现象意识中与注意无关的相关因素这一观点提出了质疑。
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引用次数: 0
Social Perception in the Infant Brain and Its Link to Social Behavior 婴儿大脑中的社交感知及其与社交行为的联系。
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02165
Tobias Grossmann
The current longitudinal study (n = 98) utilized a developmental cognitive neuroscience approach to examine whether and how variability in social perception is linked to social behavior in early human development. Cortical responses to processing dynamic faces were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy at 7 months. Individual differences in sociability were measured using the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire at 18 months. Confirming previous work with infants and adults, functional near-infrared spectroscopy results show that viewing changing faces recruited superior temporal cortices in 7-month-old infants, adding to the view that this brain system is specialized in social perception from early in ontogeny. Our longitudinal results show that greater engagement of the right superior temporal cortex at 7 months predicts higher levels of sociability at 18 months. This suggests that early variability in social perception is linked to later differences in overtly displayed social behavior, providing novel longitudinal evidence for a social brain–behavior association.
目前的纵向研究(n = 98)采用了发育认知神经科学的方法来研究社会感知的可变性是否以及如何与人类早期发育中的社会行为相关联。研究使用功能性近红外光谱对 7 个月大时处理动态人脸的皮层反应进行了调查。在 18 个月时,使用幼儿行为问卷测量了社交能力的个体差异。功能性近红外光谱分析结果表明,7 个月大的婴儿在观看不断变化的人脸时,颞叶上皮层会被调动,这证实了之前在婴儿和成人身上进行的研究结果,也进一步说明了这一大脑系统在婴儿出生早期就专门用于社会感知。我们的纵向研究结果表明,7 个月大婴儿右侧颞上皮层的参与程度越高,预示着 18 个月大婴儿的社交能力越强。这表明,早期社交感知的变异与后来公开展示的社交行为的差异有关,为社交脑行为关联提供了新的纵向证据。
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引用次数: 0
Pupil Size and Eye Movements Differently Index Effort in Both Younger and Older Adults 瞳孔大小和眼球运动对年轻人和老年人努力程度的影响不同
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02172
Björn Herrmann;Jennifer D. Ryan
The assessment of mental effort is increasingly relevant in neurocognitive and life span domains. Pupillometry, the measure of the pupil size, is often used to assess effort but has disadvantages. Analysis of eye movements may provide an alternative, but research has been limited to easy and difficult task demands in younger adults. An effort measure must be sensitive to the whole effort profile, including “giving up” effort investment, and capture effort in different age groups. The current study comprised three experiments in which younger (n = 66) and older (n = 44) adults listened to speech masked by background babble at different signal-to-noise ratios associated with easy, difficult, and impossible speech comprehension. We expected individuals to invest little effort for easy and impossible speech (giving up) but to exert effort for difficult speech. Indeed, pupil size was largest for difficult but lower for easy and impossible speech. In contrast, gaze dispersion decreased with increasing speech masking in both age groups. Critically, gaze dispersion during difficult speech returned to levels similar to easy speech after sentence offset, when acoustic stimulation was similar across conditions, whereas gaze dispersion during impossible speech continued to be reduced. These findings show that a reduction in eye movements is not a byproduct of acoustic factors, but instead suggest that neurocognitive processes, different from arousal-related systems regulating the pupil size, drive reduced eye movements during high task demands. The current data thus show that effort in one sensory domain (audition) differentially impacts distinct functional properties in another sensory domain (vision).
脑力劳动的评估与神经认知和寿命领域的关系日益密切。瞳孔测量法是测量瞳孔大小的方法,常用于评估脑力劳动,但有其缺点。眼球运动分析可能是一种替代方法,但研究仅限于年轻成年人的简单和困难任务要求。对努力程度的测量必须对整个努力程度概况敏感,包括 "放弃 "努力投资,并能捕捉到不同年龄组的努力程度。目前的研究包括三项实验,在这三项实验中,年轻人(66 人)和老年人(44 人)分别聆听由背景咿呀声掩盖的语音,语音的信噪比各不相同,分别与简单、困难和不可能的语音理解相关。我们预计,对于容易和不可能理解的语音,个体会投入很少的精力(放弃),但对于困难的语音,个体会付出很大的努力。事实上,瞳孔大小在听懂难懂的语言时最大,而在听懂简单和不可能的语言时较小。相反,在两个年龄组中,随着语言遮蔽程度的增加,注视分散度都会降低。重要的是,在句子抵消后,当不同条件下的声音刺激相似时,困难说话时的注视分散性恢复到与简单说话相似的水平,而不可能说话时的注视分散性继续降低。这些研究结果表明,眼球运动的减少并不是声学因素的副产品,而是神经认知过程(不同于调节瞳孔大小的唤醒相关系统)在高任务要求下驱动眼球运动减少的结果。因此,目前的数据表明,在一个感官领域(听觉)的努力会对另一个感官领域(视觉)的不同功能特性产生不同的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Finding Pattern in the Noise: Persistent Implicit Statistical Knowledge Impacts the Processing of Unpredictable Stimuli 在噪音中寻找规律:持续的内隐统计知识影响对不可预测刺激的处理
IF 3.1 3区 医学 Q2 Neuroscience Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02173
Andrea Kóbor;Karolina Janacsek;Petra Hermann;Zsófia Zavecz;Vera Varga;Valéria Csépe;Zoltán Vidnyánszky;Gyula Kovács;Dezso Nemeth
Humans can extract statistical regularities of the environment to predict upcoming events. Previous research recognized that implicitly acquired statistical knowledge remained persistent and continued to influence behavior even when the regularities were no longer present in the environment. Here, in an fMRI experiment, we investigated how the persistence of statistical knowledge is represented in the brain. Participants (n = 32) completed a visual, four-choice, RT task consisting of statistical regularities. Two types of blocks constantly alternated with one another throughout the task: predictable statistical regularities in one block type and unpredictable ones in the other. Participants were unaware of the statistical regularities and their changing distribution across the blocks. Yet, they acquired the statistical regularities and showed significant statistical knowledge at the behavioral level not only in the predictable blocks but also in the unpredictable ones, albeit to a smaller extent. Brain activity in a range of cortical and subcortical areas, including early visual cortex, the insula, the right inferior frontal gyrus, and the right globus pallidus/putamen contributed to the acquisition of statistical regularities. The right insula, inferior frontal gyrus, and hippocampus as well as the bilateral angular gyrus seemed to play a role in maintaining this statistical knowledge. The results altogether suggest that statistical knowledge could be exploited in a relevant, predictable context as well as transmitted to and retrieved in an irrelevant context without a predictable structure.
人类可以提取环境中的统计规律来预测即将发生的事件。以往的研究发现,即使环境中不再存在规律性,内隐获得的统计知识仍会持续影响行为。在此,我们在一项 fMRI 实验中研究了统计知识的持久性如何在大脑中表现出来。参与者(n = 32)完成了一项由统计规律性组成的视觉、四选一、RT 任务。在整个任务过程中,两类区块不断交替出现:一类区块出现可预测的统计规律,另一类区块出现不可预测的统计规律。受试者并不知道统计规律及其在区块中的分布变化。然而,他们不仅在可预测的区块中获得了统计规律,而且在不可预测的区块中也获得了统计规律,尽管程度较小。一系列皮层和皮层下区域的大脑活动,包括早期视觉皮层、脑岛、右侧额叶下回和右侧球状苍白球/普坦,都有助于获得统计规律性。右侧脑岛、额叶下回和海马以及双侧角回似乎在维持这些统计知识方面发挥了作用。这些结果表明,统计知识既可以在相关的、可预测的情境中被利用,也可以在无关的、没有可预测结构的情境中被传递和检索。
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Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
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