ABSTRACT Existing hydrogels pose challenges for the applications in transitional medication within narrow cavities due to the inherent conflict between fluidity and shape retention. Herein, inspired by mucus, a bottlebrush polymer hydrogel (denoted as PH‐PG‐T hydrogel) with excellent injectability, stable antibacterial property, and easy removability is developed by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate side‐chains from polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate backbones and incorporating triple antibiotics. As a transitional disinfectant in tooth root canal treatment, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel fulfills requirements for an ideal disinfectant thorough treatment process. The polymer side‐chains of PH‐PG‐T hydrogel disentangle during injection to facilitate canal filling and rapidly re‐entangle after injection to enable in situ gelation and sustained antibiotics release. After medication, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel quickly dissolves in water during irrigation, facilitating its complete removal from the root canal. These findings highlight a promising avenue for the novel application of bottlebrush polymers as a high‐performance disinfectant to control persistent root canal infections.
{"title":"Mucus‐Inspired Drug‐Loaded Bottlebrush Polymer Hydrogel With Easy‐Removable and Shear‐Thinning Characteristics Enables Effective Treatment of Persistent Root Canal Infection","authors":"Xin Luo, Yue Zhang, Minghong Zhou, Xinning Dai, Kexin Li, Zhi Song, Yan Li, Dingcai Wu, Shuyi Wu","doi":"10.1002/smm2.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.70044","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Existing hydrogels pose challenges for the applications in transitional medication within narrow cavities due to the inherent conflict between fluidity and shape retention. Herein, inspired by mucus, a bottlebrush polymer hydrogel (denoted as PH‐PG‐T hydrogel) with excellent injectability, stable antibacterial property, and easy removability is developed by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate side‐chains from polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate backbones and incorporating triple antibiotics. As a transitional disinfectant in tooth root canal treatment, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel fulfills requirements for an ideal disinfectant thorough treatment process. The polymer side‐chains of PH‐PG‐T hydrogel disentangle during injection to facilitate canal filling and rapidly re‐entangle after injection to enable in situ gelation and sustained antibiotics release. After medication, PH‐PG‐T hydrogel quickly dissolves in water during irrigation, facilitating its complete removal from the root canal. These findings highlight a promising avenue for the novel application of bottlebrush polymers as a high‐performance disinfectant to control persistent root canal infections.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"6 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smm2.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sihan Gu, Dezhi Jiao, Cheng Li, En‐Kang Wu, Zhengsen Wang, Lan‐Yue Cui, Chengbao Liu
ABSTRACT The development of smart materials capable of underwater self‐healing, mechanical robustness and damage‐healing sensing attributes holds great promise for applications in marine energy exploitation. However, achieving excellent humidity self‐healing, superior adhesion, and effective damage sensing and monitoring properties simultaneously is challenging because the disturbance of water molecules to dynamic‐interaction reconstruction. Herein, inspired by gecko's toes, an ultra‐robust environmental adaptative self‐healing supramolecular elastomer is designed by molecular engineering of water‐insensitive dynamic network, which possesses efficient self‐healing and visual damage sensing capabilities. Through coupling design of hierarchical hydrogen bonds, humidity‐tolerant catechol coordination and photothermal sensitivity moiety, the elastomer achieves high Young's modulus (157.72 MPa) and superior self‐healing efficiency (84.68%). Moreover, the autonomous association between catechol groups and steel surface endows the resultant elastomer with outstanding adhesion force (12.82 MPa) in humid conditions. Furthermore, this elastomer can be fabricated as a patch covered on steel substrates. The damage‐healing dynamics and interfacial failure characteristics are visually demonstrated by the reversible fracture and reconstruction of iron‐catechol coordination bonds, realizing real‐time damage sensing and monitoring. This study provides a novel strategy for the design of next‐generation smart protective materials in harsh marine environment, and expected for ensuring the stable operation of marine energy mining equipment.
{"title":"Gecko's Toes‐Inspired High‐Adhesive and Self‐Healable Elastomer in Marine Conditions: Humidity‐Triggered Crosslinking and Damage Sensing","authors":"Sihan Gu, Dezhi Jiao, Cheng Li, En‐Kang Wu, Zhengsen Wang, Lan‐Yue Cui, Chengbao Liu","doi":"10.1002/smm2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The development of smart materials capable of underwater self‐healing, mechanical robustness and damage‐healing sensing attributes holds great promise for applications in marine energy exploitation. However, achieving excellent humidity self‐healing, superior adhesion, and effective damage sensing and monitoring properties simultaneously is challenging because the disturbance of water molecules to dynamic‐interaction reconstruction. Herein, inspired by gecko's toes, an ultra‐robust environmental adaptative self‐healing supramolecular elastomer is designed by molecular engineering of water‐insensitive dynamic network, which possesses efficient self‐healing and visual damage sensing capabilities. Through coupling design of hierarchical hydrogen bonds, humidity‐tolerant catechol coordination and photothermal sensitivity moiety, the elastomer achieves high Young's modulus (157.72 MPa) and superior self‐healing efficiency (84.68%). Moreover, the autonomous association between catechol groups and steel surface endows the resultant elastomer with outstanding adhesion force (12.82 MPa) in humid conditions. Furthermore, this elastomer can be fabricated as a patch covered on steel substrates. The damage‐healing dynamics and interfacial failure characteristics are visually demonstrated by the reversible fracture and reconstruction of iron‐catechol coordination bonds, realizing real‐time damage sensing and monitoring. This study provides a novel strategy for the design of next‐generation smart protective materials in harsh marine environment, and expected for ensuring the stable operation of marine energy mining equipment.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"6 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smm2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayi Chen, Juan Manuel Arce‐Ramos, Ioannis Katsounaros, Emiel de Smit, Saifudin Abubakar, Yanwei Lum, Jia Zhang, Lei Wang
ABSTRACT Electrocatalytic CO reduction (COR) offers a promising alternative approach for synthesizing valuable chemicals, potentially at a lower carbon intensity as compared to conventional chemical production. Cu‐based catalysts have shown encouraging selectivity and activity toward multi‐carbon (C 2+ ) products, albeit typically in the form of a mixture. Steering COR selectivity toward specific types of C 2+ products, such as liquid products with high energy density, remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a Cu/Zn bimetallic catalyst composite and demonstrated enhanced selectivity toward liquid products as compared to reference CuO and Cu‐based catalysts, approaching 60% at a high current density of 300 mA/cm 2 . Our investigation highlights that the introduction of Zn promoted the emergence of a Cu/Zn heterojunction interface during COR. Density functional theory simulations were used to rationalize the observed differences in selectivity, revealing that interface plays a crucial role in diminishing the oxygen adsorption at the Cu‐sites and modifying the adsorption energy of COR reaction intermediates, consequently leading to enhanced selectivity toward liquid products.
{"title":"Modulating Oxygen Affinity to Enhance Liquid Products for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide","authors":"Jiayi Chen, Juan Manuel Arce‐Ramos, Ioannis Katsounaros, Emiel de Smit, Saifudin Abubakar, Yanwei Lum, Jia Zhang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1002/smm2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Electrocatalytic CO reduction (COR) offers a promising alternative approach for synthesizing valuable chemicals, potentially at a lower carbon intensity as compared to conventional chemical production. Cu‐based catalysts have shown encouraging selectivity and activity toward multi‐carbon (C 2+ ) products, albeit typically in the form of a mixture. Steering COR selectivity toward specific types of C 2+ products, such as liquid products with high energy density, remains a challenge. In this study, we developed a Cu/Zn bimetallic catalyst composite and demonstrated enhanced selectivity toward liquid products as compared to reference CuO and Cu‐based catalysts, approaching 60% at a high current density of 300 mA/cm 2 . Our investigation highlights that the introduction of Zn promoted the emergence of a Cu/Zn heterojunction interface during COR. Density functional theory simulations were used to rationalize the observed differences in selectivity, revealing that interface plays a crucial role in diminishing the oxygen adsorption at the Cu‐sites and modifying the adsorption energy of COR reaction intermediates, consequently leading to enhanced selectivity toward liquid products.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"6 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smm2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147334142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenhao Qian, Min Xing, Mao Ye, Xiaoyu Huang, Yongjun Li, Bingjie Hao
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been visualized as a promising analytical technique in marked‐molecule detection for disease diagnosis, environmental pollution, and so on. Noble metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are commonly used to fabricate SERS substrates. Herein, we facilely fabricated a special platform to improve the dispersity and homogeneity of AuNPs. Practically, based on nano‐graphene oxide (GO), a special platform (s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) was prepared through GO functionalization with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acid‐activated fluorescence molecule (Rhodamine B lactam derivative, R'hB) and thiol sites with cysteamine. AuNPs were then in situ grown on s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB sheets to provide GO/AuNPs nanocomposite (Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) for use as an efficient SERS substrate, which can exert unique electromagnetic characteristics of AuNPs and improve its dispersity. With systematic morphology and composition characterizations, it was confirmed that uniform AuNPs were located on multi‐functionalized GO sheets in Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB as we designed. Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB performed well in SERS detection towards 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) and p‐phenylenediamine (PD), with preferable sensibility, stability and effectiveness. With well‐knit SERS results, it is indicated that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB could take the advantages of inherent electrochemical properties of AuNPs and functionalized GO to be a potential substrate in SERS detection. Thus, it is foreseen that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB can meet diverse SERS sensing demands in real life.
表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）已被视为一种前景广阔的分析技术，可用于疾病诊断、环境污染等方面的标记分子检测。贵金属纳米颗粒，尤其是金纳米颗粒（AuNPs），常用于制作 SERS 基底。在这里，我们简单地制作了一个特殊的平台，以提高 AuNPs 的分散性和均匀性。实际上，在纳米氧化石墨烯（GO）的基础上，通过对生物相容性聚乙二醇（PEG）、酸激活荧光分子（罗丹明 B 内酰胺衍生物，R'hB）和半胱胺硫醇位点进行 GO 功能化，制备了一种特殊平台（s-GO-PEG-R'hB）。然后在 s-GO-PEG-R'hB 片上原位生长 AuNPs，得到 GO/AuNPs 纳米复合材料（Au@s-GO-PEG-R'hB），用作高效 SERS 基底，可发挥 AuNPs 独特的电磁特性并提高其分散性。通过系统的形态和成分表征，证实了 Au@s-GO-PEG-R'hB 中均匀的 AuNPs 位于我们设计的多功能化 GO 片上。Au@s-GO-PEG-R'hB在对4-氨基苯硫酚（4-ATP）和对苯二胺（PD）的SERS检测中具有良好的灵敏度、稳定性和有效性。良好的 SERS 结合物结果表明，Au@s-GO-PEG-R'hB 可利用 AuNPs 和功能化 GO 固有的电化学特性优势，成为 SERS 检测中的潜在基底。因此，Au@s-GO-PEG-R'hB 可以满足现实生活中多种 SERS 传感需求。
{"title":"Reproducible and acid‐responsive Rhodamine B/PEG functioned nanographene oxide‐Au nanocomposites for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering sensing","authors":"Wenhao Qian, Min Xing, Mao Ye, Xiaoyu Huang, Yongjun Li, Bingjie Hao","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1305","url":null,"abstract":"Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been visualized as a promising analytical technique in marked‐molecule detection for disease diagnosis, environmental pollution, and so on. Noble metal nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), are commonly used to fabricate SERS substrates. Herein, we facilely fabricated a special platform to improve the dispersity and homogeneity of AuNPs. Practically, based on nano‐graphene oxide (GO), a special platform (s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) was prepared through GO functionalization with biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), acid‐activated fluorescence molecule (Rhodamine B lactam derivative, R'hB) and thiol sites with cysteamine. AuNPs were then in situ grown on s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB sheets to provide GO/AuNPs nanocomposite (Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB) for use as an efficient SERS substrate, which can exert unique electromagnetic characteristics of AuNPs and improve its dispersity. With systematic morphology and composition characterizations, it was confirmed that uniform AuNPs were located on multi‐functionalized GO sheets in Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB as we designed. Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB performed well in SERS detection towards 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) and p‐phenylenediamine (PD), with preferable sensibility, stability and effectiveness. With well‐knit SERS results, it is indicated that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB could take the advantages of inherent electrochemical properties of AuNPs and functionalized GO to be a potential substrate in SERS detection. Thus, it is foreseen that Au@s‐GO‐PEG‐R'hB can meet diverse SERS sensing demands in real life.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward highly sensitive, selective, and stable palladium‐based MEMS gas sensors for hydrogen energy security","authors":"Yuxin Zhao, Yanli Zhao","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1303","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141828072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Sun, Yi Du, Zichen Zhang, Siru Qin, Zixian Wang, Yue Li, Shangda Qu, Zhifang Xu, Yi Guo, Wentao Xu
The sensory–neuromorphic interface is key to the application of neuromorphic electronics. Artificial spiking neurons and artificial sensory nerves have been created, and a few studies showed a complete neuromorphic system through cointegration with synaptic electronics. However, artificial synaptic devices and systems often do not work in real environments, which limits their ability to provide realistic neural simulations and interface with biological nerves. We report a sensory–neuromorphic interface that uses a fiber synapse to emulate a biological afferent nerve. For the first time, a sensing–neuromorphic interface is connected to a living organism for peripheral nerve stimulation, allowing the organism to establish a connection with its surrounding environment. The interface converts perceived environmental information into analog electrical signals and then into frequency‐dependent pulse signals, which simplify the information interface between the sensor and the pulse‐data processing center. The frequency of the interface shows a sublinear dependence on strain amplitude at different stimulus intensities, and can deliver increased frequency spikes at potentially damaging stimulus intensities, similar to the response of biological afferent nerves. To verify the application of this interface, a system that monitors strain and provides an overstrain alarm was constructed based on this afferent neural circuit. The system has a response time of <2 ms, which is compatible with the response time in biological systems. The interface can be potentially extended to process signals from almost any type of sensors for other afferent senses, and these results demonstrate the potential for neuromorphic interfaces to be applied to bionic sensory interfaces.
{"title":"A sensory–neuromorphic interface capable of environmental perception, sensory coding, and biological stimuli","authors":"Lin Sun, Yi Du, Zichen Zhang, Siru Qin, Zixian Wang, Yue Li, Shangda Qu, Zhifang Xu, Yi Guo, Wentao Xu","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1290","url":null,"abstract":"The sensory–neuromorphic interface is key to the application of neuromorphic electronics. Artificial spiking neurons and artificial sensory nerves have been created, and a few studies showed a complete neuromorphic system through cointegration with synaptic electronics. However, artificial synaptic devices and systems often do not work in real environments, which limits their ability to provide realistic neural simulations and interface with biological nerves. We report a sensory–neuromorphic interface that uses a fiber synapse to emulate a biological afferent nerve. For the first time, a sensing–neuromorphic interface is connected to a living organism for peripheral nerve stimulation, allowing the organism to establish a connection with its surrounding environment. The interface converts perceived environmental information into analog electrical signals and then into frequency‐dependent pulse signals, which simplify the information interface between the sensor and the pulse‐data processing center. The frequency of the interface shows a sublinear dependence on strain amplitude at different stimulus intensities, and can deliver increased frequency spikes at potentially damaging stimulus intensities, similar to the response of biological afferent nerves. To verify the application of this interface, a system that monitors strain and provides an overstrain alarm was constructed based on this afferent neural circuit. The system has a response time of <2 ms, which is compatible with the response time in biological systems. The interface can be potentially extended to process signals from almost any type of sensors for other afferent senses, and these results demonstrate the potential for neuromorphic interfaces to be applied to bionic sensory interfaces.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140968627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jayraj V. Vaghasiya, Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez, Jaroslav Zelenka, Shelja Sharma, Tomas Ruml, M. Pumera
Soft robots have drawn a lot of interest in the field of human–robot interfaces because they can mimic the propulsion of soft bodies and archive complex tasks that cannot be made by rigid robots such as performing the complex motion, avoiding collisions by absorbing impacts, and shape adaptation by elastic deformation. Herein, drawing inspiration from creatures in the Cambrian period, such as Hallucigenia, we develop a centimeter‐sized soft robot with multiple magnetic legs (referred to as a soft centirobot). This robot is equipped with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets to kill biological threats by photogenerated reactive oxygen species under black light illumination. The motion of g‐C3N4 soft centirobot is controlled by magnetic actuation even in complex wastewater samples (with a relative speed of 0.12 body lengths per second). The magnetic multilegs work as a propeller to walk across and cover large regions, and water disinfection is more efficient than what could be achieved by nano/micrometer scale sheets of g‐C3N4. Finally, factors affecting the accelerated propulsion of g‐C3N4 soft centirobot such as design principle, structure geometry, body mass, driving mechanism, and magnetic sensitivity, have been investigated. We envision that such a photoactive 2D material‐based integrated centimeter‐sized robot shall find application in many areas where pathogen removal is required.
{"title":"Magnetic soft centirobot to mitigate biological threats","authors":"Jayraj V. Vaghasiya, Carmen C. Mayorga-Martinez, Jaroslav Zelenka, Shelja Sharma, Tomas Ruml, M. Pumera","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1289","url":null,"abstract":"Soft robots have drawn a lot of interest in the field of human–robot interfaces because they can mimic the propulsion of soft bodies and archive complex tasks that cannot be made by rigid robots such as performing the complex motion, avoiding collisions by absorbing impacts, and shape adaptation by elastic deformation. Herein, drawing inspiration from creatures in the Cambrian period, such as Hallucigenia, we develop a centimeter‐sized soft robot with multiple magnetic legs (referred to as a soft centirobot). This robot is equipped with graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets to kill biological threats by photogenerated reactive oxygen species under black light illumination. The motion of g‐C3N4 soft centirobot is controlled by magnetic actuation even in complex wastewater samples (with a relative speed of 0.12 body lengths per second). The magnetic multilegs work as a propeller to walk across and cover large regions, and water disinfection is more efficient than what could be achieved by nano/micrometer scale sheets of g‐C3N4. Finally, factors affecting the accelerated propulsion of g‐C3N4 soft centirobot such as design principle, structure geometry, body mass, driving mechanism, and magnetic sensitivity, have been investigated. We envision that such a photoactive 2D material‐based integrated centimeter‐sized robot shall find application in many areas where pathogen removal is required.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meng Guo, Chen Sun, Ruolan Liu, Jiao Jiang, Yuping Qian, Yulong Yang, Qinying Sun, Yuchao Dong, Yan Zhao, Yanfang Liu
Exosomes, a specific subset of extracellular vesicles, have diverse functions in various biological processes. In the field of cancer research, there has been a growing interest in the potential of exosomes to act as versatile vehicles for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted delivery platform using hypoimmunogenic exosomes by genetically modifying β2‐microglobulin knocking‐out HEK‐293F cells to express a fusion protein, referred to as αMUC1‐Exo, which comprises the exosomal membrane‐enriched platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, intracellular nanoluciferase, and extracellular anti‐MUC1 single‐chain variable fragment. The findings of this study indicate that αMUC1‐Exos exhibited notable drug delivery properties toward MUC1‐positive pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated a high level of biosafety and the absence of any adverse effects. The application of engineered exosomes as a vehicle for drug delivery holds promise for enhancing the immunogenicity of neoplastic cells following treatment, thereby inducing antitumor immune memory in mice with intact immune systems, and also improving the response to anti‐PD1 therapy. This approach utilizing engineered exosomes for Gemcitabine administration holds promise as a potential strategy for overcoming drug resistance in pancreatic carcinoma thereby improving the overall treatment efficacy.
{"title":"A drug delivery platform using engineered MUC1‐targeting exosomes enhances chemosensitivity and immunogenic cell death in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Meng Guo, Chen Sun, Ruolan Liu, Jiao Jiang, Yuping Qian, Yulong Yang, Qinying Sun, Yuchao Dong, Yan Zhao, Yanfang Liu","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1279","url":null,"abstract":"Exosomes, a specific subset of extracellular vesicles, have diverse functions in various biological processes. In the field of cancer research, there has been a growing interest in the potential of exosomes to act as versatile vehicles for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted delivery platform using hypoimmunogenic exosomes by genetically modifying β2‐microglobulin knocking‐out HEK‐293F cells to express a fusion protein, referred to as αMUC1‐Exo, which comprises the exosomal membrane‐enriched platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, intracellular nanoluciferase, and extracellular anti‐MUC1 single‐chain variable fragment. The findings of this study indicate that αMUC1‐Exos exhibited notable drug delivery properties toward MUC1‐positive pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated a high level of biosafety and the absence of any adverse effects. The application of engineered exosomes as a vehicle for drug delivery holds promise for enhancing the immunogenicity of neoplastic cells following treatment, thereby inducing antitumor immune memory in mice with intact immune systems, and also improving the response to anti‐PD1 therapy. This approach utilizing engineered exosomes for Gemcitabine administration holds promise as a potential strategy for overcoming drug resistance in pancreatic carcinoma thereby improving the overall treatment efficacy.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"20 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Yan, Ning Su, Ying Yang, Xue Li, Jieting Sun, Shumeng Wang, Lei Zhao, Liming Ding, Junqiao Ding
Solution‐processed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are believed to be favorable for low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible displays but still suffer from the limited external quantum efficiency (EQE) below 5%. Herein, we demonstrate the EQE breakthrough by introducing a donor–acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymer as the sensitizer for the typical green‐emitting fluorescent dopants. Benefitting from their matched energy alignment, the unwanted trap‐assisted recombination directly on fluorescent dopant is prevented to avoid the additional loss of triplet excitons. Indeed, triplet excitons are mainly formed on the polymeric TADF sensitizer via a Langevin recombination and then spin‐flipped to singlet excitons due to the good upconversion capability. Followed by an efficient Förster energy transfer, both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested by fluorescent dopants, leading to a promising solution‐processed green hyperfluorescence with a record‐high EQE of 21.2% (72.2 cd/A, 59.7 lm/W) and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32, 0.59). The results clearly highlight the great potential of solution‐processed fluorescent OLEDs based on TADF polymers as the sensitizer.
{"title":"TADF polymer enables over 20% EQE in solution‐processed green fluorescent OLEDs","authors":"L. Yan, Ning Su, Ying Yang, Xue Li, Jieting Sun, Shumeng Wang, Lei Zhao, Liming Ding, Junqiao Ding","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1272","url":null,"abstract":"Solution‐processed fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are believed to be favorable for low‐cost, large‐area, and flexible displays but still suffer from the limited external quantum efficiency (EQE) below 5%. Herein, we demonstrate the EQE breakthrough by introducing a donor–acceptor type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) polymer as the sensitizer for the typical green‐emitting fluorescent dopants. Benefitting from their matched energy alignment, the unwanted trap‐assisted recombination directly on fluorescent dopant is prevented to avoid the additional loss of triplet excitons. Indeed, triplet excitons are mainly formed on the polymeric TADF sensitizer via a Langevin recombination and then spin‐flipped to singlet excitons due to the good upconversion capability. Followed by an efficient Förster energy transfer, both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested by fluorescent dopants, leading to a promising solution‐processed green hyperfluorescence with a record‐high EQE of 21.2% (72.2 cd/A, 59.7 lm/W) and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.32, 0.59). The results clearly highlight the great potential of solution‐processed fluorescent OLEDs based on TADF polymers as the sensitizer.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"28 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Yang, Weizhong Zheng, Chujun Ni, Ye Li, Di Chen, Tao Xie, Qiao Zhao
Patterning diversified properties and surface structure of polymer materials are of great importance toward their potential in biology, optics, and electronics. However, achieving both the patternability of stiffness and microstructure in a reconfigurable manner remains challenging. Here, we prepare amphigels crosslinked by dynamic disulfide bonds, which can be reversibly swollen by immiscible water or liquid paraffin. In the paraffingel form, the materials exhibited a high modulus of 130 MPa due to densified hydrogen bonds. Whereas swollen by water, the modulus fell over two orders of magnitude owing to the destruction of the hydrogen bonds. Via regionalized swelling of the solvents, well‐controlled and rewritable soft/stiff mechanical patterns can be created. On the other hand, the dynamic exchange of the disulfide crosslinking enables mechanophoto patterning to fabricate sophisticated macrogeometries and microstructures. The reconfigurable stiffness‐structure patterning can be manipulated orthogonally, which will create more application opportunities beyond conventional hydrogels and organogels.
{"title":"Reconfigurable and orthogonal stiffness‐structure patterning of dynamically crosslinked amphigels","authors":"Chen Yang, Weizhong Zheng, Chujun Ni, Ye Li, Di Chen, Tao Xie, Qiao Zhao","doi":"10.1002/smm2.1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/smm2.1255","url":null,"abstract":"Patterning diversified properties and surface structure of polymer materials are of great importance toward their potential in biology, optics, and electronics. However, achieving both the patternability of stiffness and microstructure in a reconfigurable manner remains challenging. Here, we prepare amphigels crosslinked by dynamic disulfide bonds, which can be reversibly swollen by immiscible water or liquid paraffin. In the paraffingel form, the materials exhibited a high modulus of 130 MPa due to densified hydrogen bonds. Whereas swollen by water, the modulus fell over two orders of magnitude owing to the destruction of the hydrogen bonds. Via regionalized swelling of the solvents, well‐controlled and rewritable soft/stiff mechanical patterns can be created. On the other hand, the dynamic exchange of the disulfide crosslinking enables mechanophoto patterning to fabricate sophisticated macrogeometries and microstructures. The reconfigurable stiffness‐structure patterning can be manipulated orthogonally, which will create more application opportunities beyond conventional hydrogels and organogels.","PeriodicalId":510850,"journal":{"name":"SmartMat","volume":"1 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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