The ternary Ti-Mo-N system is an important material that finds applications as a surface coating, hardener, and wear and corrosion protective layer. Knowledge of the phase equilibria, phase transformations, and phase stabilities of this alloy is important for realizing its potential applications. In this paper, formation energies of three intermetallic compounds, Mo2N-beta, Mo2N-gamma, and MoN-delta, were determined from ab-initio calculations. Next, the Calphad approach was applied to thermodynamically model the Mo-Ti, Mo-N, and Mo-Ti-N systems. The obtained Gibbs energies were used to calculate the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the Ti-Mo-N system. The present model is in good agreement with experimental data reported in the literature. The results of this work can be used as a foundation for future investigations of the Ti-Mo-N system, as well as a basis for practical industrial applications.
{"title":"Ab-initio combined the Calphad approach to the phase equilibria in the ternary Ti-Mo-N system","authors":"R. Daclan, M. Mena, M. Vasquez, W. Gierlotka","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210330011d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210330011d","url":null,"abstract":"The ternary Ti-Mo-N system is an important material that finds applications as a surface coating, hardener, and wear and corrosion protective layer. Knowledge of the phase equilibria, phase transformations, and phase stabilities of this alloy is important for realizing its potential applications. In this paper, formation energies of three intermetallic compounds, Mo2N-beta, Mo2N-gamma, and MoN-delta, were determined from ab-initio calculations. Next, the Calphad approach was applied to thermodynamically model the Mo-Ti, Mo-N, and Mo-Ti-N systems. The obtained Gibbs energies were used to calculate the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the Ti-Mo-N system. The present model is in good agreement with experimental data reported in the literature. The results of this work can be used as a foundation for future investigations of the Ti-Mo-N system, as well as a basis for practical industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87209531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Albahlol, H. Çuğ, Y. Akgul, A. K. Eticha, A. Incesu
This research focuses on studying the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behaviors of alloy steels: AISI 4340, AISI 5140, and AISI 8620 by laser hardening, respectively. In light of the tests which have been carried out meticulously, it is concluded that the optimum laser hardening parameter for all steel grades is 4 mm/s scanning speed and 1300?C surface temperature. Micro-structural changes, Vickers hardness as mechanical properties, and tribological properties with reciprocating wear tests have been carried out. Furthermore, corrosion tests have been conducted. The test results reveal that the maximum hardness appears 50-300 ?m below the surface for all laser-hardened steels. In addition, this study finds out that the wear resistance of steel is enhanced by the implementation of laser hardening. This study also determines that laser hardening has a positive impact on lifting the corrosion resistance behavior of AISI 4340 steel. Conversely, the corrosion resistance properties of AISI 8620 steel were reduced nearly by 54.17%.
{"title":"Effect of laser hardening on the mechanical, tribological and corrosion properties of low alloy steels","authors":"O. Albahlol, H. Çuğ, Y. Akgul, A. K. Eticha, A. Incesu","doi":"10.2298/jmmb230209022a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb230209022a","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on studying the mechanical, tribological, and corrosion behaviors of alloy steels: AISI 4340, AISI 5140, and AISI 8620 by laser hardening, respectively. In light of the tests which have been carried out meticulously, it is concluded that the optimum laser hardening parameter for all steel grades is 4 mm/s scanning speed and 1300?C surface temperature. Micro-structural changes, Vickers hardness as mechanical properties, and tribological properties with reciprocating wear tests have been carried out. Furthermore, corrosion tests have been conducted. The test results reveal that the maximum hardness appears 50-300 ?m below the surface for all laser-hardened steels. In addition, this study finds out that the wear resistance of steel is enhanced by the implementation of laser hardening. This study also determines that laser hardening has a positive impact on lifting the corrosion resistance behavior of AISI 4340 steel. Conversely, the corrosion resistance properties of AISI 8620 steel were reduced nearly by 54.17%.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91221590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hot workability of microalloyed steel was studied in the deformation temperature range of 850-1200oC and strain rate of 0.001-100s-1. The constitutive relation of flow stress with temperature, strain rate and strain was established to construct processing maps of the microalloyed steel. The processing maps were constructed using conventional power law, integral method and Arrhenius equations. The developed processing maps were used to predict the optimal hot deformation conditions and validated with metallurgical examinations. The safe regime for hot working of the experimental steel was found to be in the intermediate temperature-strain rate range (1000-1150oC- 0.001-10 s-1), where the deformation process is dominated by dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery of the austenitic phase. The processing map constructed using Arrhenius equations increases continuously with an increase in deformation temperature and decrease in strain rate and does not reveal relevant information of hot workability with respect to deformation temperature and strain rate. The dynamic recrystallization behavior of experimental steel was affected by both deformation temperature and strain rate which is explained in detail through microstructural examination.
{"title":"Hot deformation behavior of micro-alloyed steel using processing maps developed with different constitutive equations","authors":"S. Thakur, A. Das, B. Jha","doi":"10.2298/jmmb220114014t","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb220114014t","url":null,"abstract":"The hot workability of microalloyed steel was studied in the deformation temperature range of 850-1200oC and strain rate of 0.001-100s-1. The constitutive relation of flow stress with temperature, strain rate and strain was established to construct processing maps of the microalloyed steel. The processing maps were constructed using conventional power law, integral method and Arrhenius equations. The developed processing maps were used to predict the optimal hot deformation conditions and validated with metallurgical examinations. The safe regime for hot working of the experimental steel was found to be in the intermediate temperature-strain rate range (1000-1150oC- 0.001-10 s-1), where the deformation process is dominated by dynamic recrystallization and dynamic recovery of the austenitic phase. The processing map constructed using Arrhenius equations increases continuously with an increase in deformation temperature and decrease in strain rate and does not reveal relevant information of hot workability with respect to deformation temperature and strain rate. The dynamic recrystallization behavior of experimental steel was affected by both deformation temperature and strain rate which is explained in detail through microstructural examination.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77938728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rhodium incorporated aluminide coating was produced by the rhodium electroplating (0.5 ?m thick layer) followed by the chemical vapor deposition process on the Inconel 713 superalloy. This coating is composed of the ?-NiAl phase. A part of nickel atoms is replaced by rhodium atoms in the ?-NiAl phase. The plain, rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings were oxidized at 1100?C under the atmospheric pressure. The oxidation kinetics of the rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings are similar, but different than oxidation kinetic of the plain coating. The ?-Al2O3 is the main product both in rhodium and platinum modified coatings after 360 h of oxidation. Moreover, the ?-Ni3Al phase, besides the ?-NiAl phase, was identified. The presence of 4 at. % rhodium in the coating provides similar oxidation resistance as the presence of 10-20 at. % platinum. Both rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings produced by the chemical vapor deposition process offer good oxidation protection of the Inconel 713 superalloy.
{"title":"The effect of precious metals in the NiAl coating on the oxidation resistance of the Inconel 713 superalloy","authors":"M. Zagula-Yavorska, J. Romanowska","doi":"10.2298/jmmb220427011z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb220427011z","url":null,"abstract":"The rhodium incorporated aluminide coating was produced by the rhodium electroplating (0.5 ?m thick layer) followed by the chemical vapor deposition process on the Inconel 713 superalloy. This coating is composed of the ?-NiAl phase. A part of nickel atoms is replaced by rhodium atoms in the ?-NiAl phase. The plain, rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings were oxidized at 1100?C under the atmospheric pressure. The oxidation kinetics of the rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings are similar, but different than oxidation kinetic of the plain coating. The ?-Al2O3 is the main product both in rhodium and platinum modified coatings after 360 h of oxidation. Moreover, the ?-Ni3Al phase, besides the ?-NiAl phase, was identified. The presence of 4 at. % rhodium in the coating provides similar oxidation resistance as the presence of 10-20 at. % platinum. Both rhodium and platinum incorporated aluminide coatings produced by the chemical vapor deposition process offer good oxidation protection of the Inconel 713 superalloy.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72586454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Oktay, Nunzio di, M. Cesile, K. Davut, M. Şeşen
Boron-free S700MC steel is usually produced exploiting the properties of a ferrite-bainite mixed microstructure formed by coiling the strips at a temperature of about 450?C, namely below the bainite start temperature. Aiming at further enhancing the mechanical properties for 6 to 10 mm thick strips, industrial trials with a coiling temperature of 600?C have been carried out to promote the formation of a structure of ferrite and carbides, which is also acceptable for this steel grade. Unexpectedly, a microstructure composed of ferrite and martensite has been obtained. Compared with the ferritic-bainitic grade, the new structure is characterized by a slight decrease of the yield point but by an increase of the ultimate tensile strength of not less than 80 MPa, with a transition from a quasi-discontinuous to a clearly continuous yielding behaviour. Accordingly, the yield-to-tensile strength ratio decreases from 0.90 to 0.75 and the impact energy decreases of 35 J and 60 J for the two gauge levels, respectively. The mechanical behaviour of the strips coiled at high temperature is explained as a direct consequence of the dual phase structure with hard phase interspersed in a soft ferrite matrix. The presence of martensite is justified by invoking the so-called incomplete bainite reaction. The partial transformation in ferrite after coiling and the long time necessary for the coil to cool down stabilize the not yet transformed austenite due to the carbon enrichment making the bainite formation impossible at lower temperatures.
{"title":"Effect of coiling temperature on the structure and properties of thermo-mechanically rolled S700MC steel","authors":"S. Oktay, Nunzio di, M. Cesile, K. Davut, M. Şeşen","doi":"10.2298/jmmb220304028o","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb220304028o","url":null,"abstract":"Boron-free S700MC steel is usually produced exploiting the properties of a ferrite-bainite mixed microstructure formed by coiling the strips at a temperature of about 450?C, namely below the bainite start temperature. Aiming at further enhancing the mechanical properties for 6 to 10 mm thick strips, industrial trials with a coiling temperature of 600?C have been carried out to promote the formation of a structure of ferrite and carbides, which is also acceptable for this steel grade. Unexpectedly, a microstructure composed of ferrite and martensite has been obtained. Compared with the ferritic-bainitic grade, the new structure is characterized by a slight decrease of the yield point but by an increase of the ultimate tensile strength of not less than 80 MPa, with a transition from a quasi-discontinuous to a clearly continuous yielding behaviour. Accordingly, the yield-to-tensile strength ratio decreases from 0.90 to 0.75 and the impact energy decreases of 35 J and 60 J for the two gauge levels, respectively. The mechanical behaviour of the strips coiled at high temperature is explained as a direct consequence of the dual phase structure with hard phase interspersed in a soft ferrite matrix. The presence of martensite is justified by invoking the so-called incomplete bainite reaction. The partial transformation in ferrite after coiling and the long time necessary for the coil to cool down stabilize the not yet transformed austenite due to the carbon enrichment making the bainite formation impossible at lower temperatures.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80432747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metallic antimony production from antimony-bearing materials is a research hotspot. The conventional electrowinning technology of antimony is a challenging problem due to the sulfur compounds that come from both the ore itself and the leaching solution in the electrolysis system. The electro-production of antimony in modified non-diaphragm cells is of interest because of the high price and maintenance issues associated with diaphragm cells. A sulfur-based problem in non-diaphragm cells is the focus of this study, which investigates the effects of various salts on this problem and also optimizes antimony production conditions. Various salts (i.e., BaCl2, CaCl2, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2) were used as a precipitating agent for the formation of insoluble salts (BaSO4/CaSO4 and BaSO3/CaSO3), Sb concentration, amount of NaOH and Na2S in the bath, electrowinning time, and temperature were investigated to optimize reaction parameters. The Taguchi experimental design was used to determine the effect of each factor on the Sb deposition. The phases and structures formed during electroproduction were identified with the help of various measurement techniques This study found that in the presence of 96 mM BaCl2, 45 g/L of Sb concentration, 100 g/L of NaOH, and 60 g/L of Na2S were the most suitable factors. It was found that 40oC was the optimal electrowinning temperature. This result also demonstrated that increasing concentrations of BaCl2 reduced specific energy consumption.
含锑材料制金属锑是一个研究热点。由于锑的硫化合物既来自矿石本身，也来自电解系统中的浸出液，传统的电积锑技术是一个具有挑战性的问题。由于与隔膜电池相关的高价格和维护问题，在改性的非隔膜电池中生产锑引起了人们的兴趣。非隔膜电池中的硫基问题是本研究的重点，研究了各种盐对这一问题的影响，并优化了锑的生产条件。以不同的盐(BaCl2、CaCl2、Ba(OH)2、Ca(OH)2)作为沉淀剂形成不溶性盐(BaSO4/CaSO4和BaSO3/CaSO3)，考察了Sb浓度、浴液中NaOH和Na2S的用量、电积时间和温度等因素对反应参数的影响。采用田口实验设计确定各因素对Sb沉积的影响。研究发现，在96 mM BaCl2、45 g/L Sb、100 g/L NaOH和60 g/L Na2S浓度的条件下，电解过程中形成的相和结构是最合适的。结果表明，最佳电积温度为40℃。这一结果还表明，增加BaCl2浓度降低了比能量消耗。
{"title":"Non-diaphragm electrodeposition of antimony: Effect of process parameters and precipitating agents","authors":"M. Morcalı, Ö. Küçükoğlu, B. Çetiner, S. Aktaş","doi":"10.2298/jmmb220129027m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb220129027m","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic antimony production from antimony-bearing materials is a research hotspot. The conventional electrowinning technology of antimony is a challenging problem due to the sulfur compounds that come from both the ore itself and the leaching solution in the electrolysis system. The electro-production of antimony in modified non-diaphragm cells is of interest because of the high price and maintenance issues associated with diaphragm cells. A sulfur-based problem in non-diaphragm cells is the focus of this study, which investigates the effects of various salts on this problem and also optimizes antimony production conditions. Various salts (i.e., BaCl2, CaCl2, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2) were used as a precipitating agent for the formation of insoluble salts (BaSO4/CaSO4 and BaSO3/CaSO3), Sb concentration, amount of NaOH and Na2S in the bath, electrowinning time, and temperature were investigated to optimize reaction parameters. The Taguchi experimental design was used to determine the effect of each factor on the Sb deposition. The phases and structures formed during electroproduction were identified with the help of various measurement techniques This study found that in the presence of 96 mM BaCl2, 45 g/L of Sb concentration, 100 g/L of NaOH, and 60 g/L of Na2S were the most suitable factors. It was found that 40oC was the optimal electrowinning temperature. This result also demonstrated that increasing concentrations of BaCl2 reduced specific energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Wang, Mengmeng Ren, J. Zhao, Z. Zhang, H. Wang, A.-L. Hu, Ya-ru Cui
In hemisphere point temperature (Thp) measurement of continuous casting mold flux, the evaporation of volatiles under high temperature will have a strong impact on the results. Based on the comprehensive analysis of hemisphere point method and its influencing factors, the corresponding volatile-containing mold flux and non-volatile mold flux were selected to get Thp with different heating rates. Combined with the Thp measurement and TG-DSC results, the effect of relevant factors during measuring process were analysed and the way to characterize and evaluate the effects were suggested. Furthermore, an improved method of mold flux melting point test was put forward. The results showed that for non-volatile mold flux, the temperature hysteresis has a greater effect than heat transfer delay and fractional melting. And for mold flux with volatile, the effect of evaporation is greater than other factors. Traditional hemisphere-point method is no longer suitable for the volatile mold flux. In order to get through this problem, improved methods were proposed. One is measuring Thp by traditional way, correcting the composition at the Thp, corresponding Thp with the corrected composition. Another is taking the initial composition, revising the hemispherical point temperature Thp, matching the revised Thp with the initial composition.
{"title":"Characterization and analysis on the hemispherical point temperature uncertainty problem of mold flux with volatiles","authors":"Z. Wang, Mengmeng Ren, J. Zhao, Z. Zhang, H. Wang, A.-L. Hu, Ya-ru Cui","doi":"10.2298/jmmb211209019w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb211209019w","url":null,"abstract":"In hemisphere point temperature (Thp) measurement of continuous casting mold flux, the evaporation of volatiles under high temperature will have a strong impact on the results. Based on the comprehensive analysis of hemisphere point method and its influencing factors, the corresponding volatile-containing mold flux and non-volatile mold flux were selected to get Thp with different heating rates. Combined with the Thp measurement and TG-DSC results, the effect of relevant factors during measuring process were analysed and the way to characterize and evaluate the effects were suggested. Furthermore, an improved method of mold flux melting point test was put forward. The results showed that for non-volatile mold flux, the temperature hysteresis has a greater effect than heat transfer delay and fractional melting. And for mold flux with volatile, the effect of evaporation is greater than other factors. Traditional hemisphere-point method is no longer suitable for the volatile mold flux. In order to get through this problem, improved methods were proposed. One is measuring Thp by traditional way, correcting the composition at the Thp, corresponding Thp with the corrected composition. Another is taking the initial composition, revising the hemispherical point temperature Thp, matching the revised Thp with the initial composition.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77459086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employing electrochemical cells with the solid zirconia electrolyte: Cu2O,CuO/O2-/air Cu2In2O5, In2O3,Cu2O/O2-/air In,In2O3/O2-/Ni, NiO Gibbs free energy of formation of solid Cu2In2O5 phase as well as that for In2O3 and CuO oxides was determined in the temperature range from 973 K to 1372 K. The results obtained in this study were used to derive Gibbs free energy change of the reaction of formation of the ternary compound from respective oxides: 2CuO + In2O3 = Cu2In2O5 which is equal to: ?Gf0,Cu2In2O5 = 33905 ? 41.50T (?3600) Jmol?1. Standard enthalpy of formation from elements ?H0f,298 and standard enthalpy ?S0298 derived for Cu2In2O5 phase by Second Law sigma plot are -1211 (?15) kJ mol-1 and 493.20 (?10) J (K-1 mol-1). Oxygen potential diagrams for the Cu-In-O system are also given at two temperatures.
{"title":"Gibbs free energy of formation of Cu2In2O5 ternary phase determined by E.M.F. method","authors":"D. Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik, P. Handzlik","doi":"10.2298/jmmb220614030j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb220614030j","url":null,"abstract":"Employing electrochemical cells with the solid zirconia electrolyte: Cu2O,CuO/O2-/air Cu2In2O5, In2O3,Cu2O/O2-/air In,In2O3/O2-/Ni, NiO Gibbs free energy of formation of solid Cu2In2O5 phase as well as that for In2O3 and CuO oxides was determined in the temperature range from 973 K to 1372 K. The results obtained in this study were used to derive Gibbs free energy change of the reaction of formation of the ternary compound from respective oxides: 2CuO + In2O3 = Cu2In2O5 which is equal to: ?Gf0,Cu2In2O5 = 33905 ? 41.50T (?3600) Jmol?1. Standard enthalpy of formation from elements ?H0f,298 and standard enthalpy ?S0298 derived for Cu2In2O5 phase by Second Law sigma plot are -1211 (?15) kJ mol-1 and 493.20 (?10) J (K-1 mol-1). Oxygen potential diagrams for the Cu-In-O system are also given at two temperatures.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"374 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85466580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Mikuszewski, A. Tomaszewska, G. Moskal, D. Migas, B. Witala
In this study, the manufacturing of Co-Al-W alloys by smelting in an vacuum induction furnace is discussed taking into account the optimizing of the feedstock material morphology. Herein, the influence of various feedstock conditions and the order of introducing the alloying elements into a liquid alloy are analyzed and described. The investigation revealed that it is possible to obtain the desired chemical composition of Co-Al-W alloys using fragmented tungsten pellets introduced from a vacuum feeder into the liquid Co-Al alloy heated above the liquidus temperature by maximum of 40-50?C. This technical variant requires accurate temperature control of the molten alloy, which does not ensure complete reproducibility. The disadvantage of this process lies in the relatively high slag formation. The optimal technical solution involves obtaining the liquid Co-W solution and introducing Al at the end of the smelting process; in this variant, the slagging effect is relatively low. Additionally, melting of the alloy in an argon atmosphere reduces the loss of aluminum due to evaporation, as compared to melting in a vacuum. The smelting process can be carried out either in Al2O3 solid crucibles or in compacted crucibles made of MgO-based refractory mass.
{"title":"Induction vacuum smelting of Co-Al-W superalloys - optimizing the feedstock based on the alloy's chemical composition, elemental segregation, and slag formation","authors":"T. Mikuszewski, A. Tomaszewska, G. Moskal, D. Migas, B. Witala","doi":"10.2298/jmmb211107002m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb211107002m","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the manufacturing of Co-Al-W alloys by smelting in an vacuum induction furnace is discussed taking into account the optimizing of the feedstock material morphology. Herein, the influence of various feedstock conditions and the order of introducing the alloying elements into a liquid alloy are analyzed and described. The investigation revealed that it is possible to obtain the desired chemical composition of Co-Al-W alloys using fragmented tungsten pellets introduced from a vacuum feeder into the liquid Co-Al alloy heated above the liquidus temperature by maximum of 40-50?C. This technical variant requires accurate temperature control of the molten alloy, which does not ensure complete reproducibility. The disadvantage of this process lies in the relatively high slag formation. The optimal technical solution involves obtaining the liquid Co-W solution and introducing Al at the end of the smelting process; in this variant, the slagging effect is relatively low. Additionally, melting of the alloy in an argon atmosphere reduces the loss of aluminum due to evaporation, as compared to melting in a vacuum. The smelting process can be carried out either in Al2O3 solid crucibles or in compacted crucibles made of MgO-based refractory mass.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73569224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a hydrometallurgical treatment of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust which was taken from a Vietnamese steelmaking plant to obtain zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by using aqueous ammoniac carbonate solution as a leaching agent. Characterization of the EAF dust was conducted by XRD technique, SEM observation and manual wet chemical analysis. The results showed that total zinc (Zn) of the dust was 42.69 wt.% and existed mainly in the forms of zincite - ZnO, simonkolleite - Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O, and franklinite - ZnFe2O4. The leached condition, in which the ammoniac carbonate concentration was 300 g/l and the time was 90 minutes, was found to provide the highest leaching efficiency as 85.29 % when the temperature was fixed at 60?C and the ratio of solid/liquid was 1/6. After some steps of the subsequent treatment, the ZnO nanoparticles with the purity of 99.5 % and the size of 100 nm were obtained from thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate hydroxide - Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6.
{"title":"Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles from electric arc furnace dust","authors":"A. Bui, D. le, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.2298/jmmb211029008b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb211029008b","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a hydrometallurgical treatment of electric arc furnace (EAF) dust which was taken from a Vietnamese steelmaking plant to obtain zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles by using aqueous ammoniac carbonate solution as a leaching agent. Characterization of the EAF dust was conducted by XRD technique, SEM observation and manual wet chemical analysis. The results showed that total zinc (Zn) of the dust was 42.69 wt.% and existed mainly in the forms of zincite - ZnO, simonkolleite - Zn5(OH)8Cl2H2O, and franklinite - ZnFe2O4. The leached condition, in which the ammoniac carbonate concentration was 300 g/l and the time was 90 minutes, was found to provide the highest leaching efficiency as 85.29 % when the temperature was fixed at 60?C and the ratio of solid/liquid was 1/6. After some steps of the subsequent treatment, the ZnO nanoparticles with the purity of 99.5 % and the size of 100 nm were obtained from thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate hydroxide - Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"24 26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88712086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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