D. Wei, M. Li, Xiaoyong Zhou, Fengkun Li, Shuqin Li, Pingze Zhang
The NiCr/YSZ coating was fabricated on ?-TiAl alloy by double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology and multi-arc ion plating technology. The microstructure, microhardness, bonding strength, and burn resistance of NiCr/YSZ coating were studied in detail. The results showed that the NiCr/YSZ coating was dense and homogeneous, including a duplex structure of top YSZ ceramic coating and underlying Ni-Cr bond coating. The average microhardness of NiCr/YSZ coating was raised by a factor of about 2 compared to the ?-TiAl substrate. The thermal shock test indicated that the composite structure had superior bonding strength and the defects such as metal droplets on the ceramic coating were the source of cracks. The high-energy laser beam destroyed the surface of ?-TiAl alloy, forming protruding combustion products in ablation zone and splashing residues around ablation zone. When coated by NiCr/YSZ coating, the combustion process was delayed through isolating and dissipating heat. The ablation range was controlled and the ablation damage was reduced at the same irradiation power. The NiCr/YSZ coating preliminarily realized to improve the burn resistance of ?- TiAl alloy.
{"title":"Preparation of NiCr/YSZ two-layered burn-resistant coating on γ-TiAl alloys based on plasma surface metallurgy and ion plating methods","authors":"D. Wei, M. Li, Xiaoyong Zhou, Fengkun Li, Shuqin Li, Pingze Zhang","doi":"10.2298/JMMB200902005W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB200902005W","url":null,"abstract":"The NiCr/YSZ coating was fabricated on ?-TiAl alloy by double glow plasma surface metallurgy technology and multi-arc ion plating technology. The microstructure, microhardness, bonding strength, and burn resistance of NiCr/YSZ coating were studied in detail. The results showed that the NiCr/YSZ coating was dense and homogeneous, including a duplex structure of top YSZ ceramic coating and underlying Ni-Cr bond coating. The average microhardness of NiCr/YSZ coating was raised by a factor of about 2 compared to the ?-TiAl substrate. The thermal shock test indicated that the composite structure had superior bonding strength and the defects such as metal droplets on the ceramic coating were the source of cracks. The high-energy laser beam destroyed the surface of ?-TiAl alloy, forming protruding combustion products in ablation zone and splashing residues around ablation zone. When coated by NiCr/YSZ coating, the combustion process was delayed through isolating and dissipating heat. The ablation range was controlled and the ablation damage was reduced at the same irradiation power. The NiCr/YSZ coating preliminarily realized to improve the burn resistance of ?- TiAl alloy.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84516514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Sazegaran, F. Teimoori, H. Rastegarian, A. Naserian-Nik
The effect of aluminum (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt. %) and copper (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt. %) on graphite morphology, microstructure and compressive behavior of ductile iron specimens manufactured by sand casting technique were investigated. The graphite morphology and microstructure were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped image processing software. To study the mechanical properties, the compression test was conducted on the ductile iron specimens. The results indicated that the surface fraction and nodule count of graphite decreased when the amount of aluminum increased from 0 to 2 wt. % and after that from 2 to 6 wt. %. In addition, the nodularity of graphite increased with the increment of the aluminum amounts. By adding the amount of copper, the surface fraction and nodule count of graphite increased and nodularity of graphite decreased. The addition of aluminum and copper decreased the surface fraction of ferrite and increased the surface fraction of pearlite in the microstructure. By increasing the amounts of aluminum and copper, compressive stress vs. strain curves were shifted upwards, and modulus of elasticity, yield strength, maximum compressive stress, and fracture strain improved. In comparison with copper, aluminum had a greater influence on the mechanical properties of ductile iron.
{"title":"Effects of aluminum and copper on the graphite morphology, microstructure, and compressive properties of ductile iron","authors":"H. Sazegaran, F. Teimoori, H. Rastegarian, A. Naserian-Nik","doi":"10.2298/JMMB191224006S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB191224006S","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of aluminum (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt. %) and copper (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt. %) on graphite morphology, microstructure and compressive behavior of ductile iron specimens manufactured by sand casting technique were investigated. The graphite morphology and microstructure were evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped image processing software. To study the mechanical properties, the compression test was conducted on the ductile iron specimens. The results indicated that the surface fraction and nodule count of graphite decreased when the amount of aluminum increased from 0 to 2 wt. % and after that from 2 to 6 wt. %. In addition, the nodularity of graphite increased with the increment of the aluminum amounts. By adding the amount of copper, the surface fraction and nodule count of graphite increased and nodularity of graphite decreased. The addition of aluminum and copper decreased the surface fraction of ferrite and increased the surface fraction of pearlite in the microstructure. By increasing the amounts of aluminum and copper, compressive stress vs. strain curves were shifted upwards, and modulus of elasticity, yield strength, maximum compressive stress, and fracture strain improved. In comparison with copper, aluminum had a greater influence on the mechanical properties of ductile iron.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82705819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computer-aided development of liquid-assisted metallurgical processes requires reliable basic data for the molten materials, including thermophysical properties such as density, surface tension and viscosity. Cast irons belong to the group of Fe-C alloys of practical importance due to their good technological and utility properties, yet experimental thermophysical data of cast irons in the literature are scarce. In this study, the density and surface tension of three compacted graphite cast iron alloys were measured by the sessile drop method in contact heating mode in the temperature range of 1473 - 1723 K with polycrystalline alumina as a substrate. The drop profile images were recorded both during heating and subsequent cooling regimes. At 1473 K, the density values of the studied compacted graphite irons are between 6.66 and 6.69 g?cm-3, whereas surface tension values are between 1130 and 1510 mN?m-1. The density decreases with increasing temperature, while surface tension dependence on temperature is less obvious. The obtained results are compared to the available literature data and analyzed taking into account chemical interaction of liquid cast irons with the substrate material.
{"title":"Density and surface tension of molten cast irons","authors":"P. Fima, N. Sobczak","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210413040f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210413040f","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-aided development of liquid-assisted metallurgical processes requires reliable basic data for the molten materials, including thermophysical properties such as density, surface tension and viscosity. Cast irons belong to the group of Fe-C alloys of practical importance due to their good technological and utility properties, yet experimental thermophysical data of cast irons in the literature are scarce. In this study, the density and surface tension of three compacted graphite cast iron alloys were measured by the sessile drop method in contact heating mode in the temperature range of 1473 - 1723 K with polycrystalline alumina as a substrate. The drop profile images were recorded both during heating and subsequent cooling regimes. At 1473 K, the density values of the studied compacted graphite irons are between 6.66 and 6.69 g?cm-3, whereas surface tension values are between 1130 and 1510 mN?m-1. The density decreases with increasing temperature, while surface tension dependence on temperature is less obvious. The obtained results are compared to the available literature data and analyzed taking into account chemical interaction of liquid cast irons with the substrate material.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89242874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Shi, X. Liu, Z. Liu, Huanjian Xie, Y. Wang, J. Li
The microstructure, corrosion behavior and electrochemical behavior of as-cast Mg-4Y-xZn (x=1,2,3,4 wt.%) are studied by SEM, weight loss and electrochemical tests. Mg12YZn (X), Mg3Y2Zn3 (W) and Mg24Y5 constitute the phase composition system of the alloy. When Zn content is 1 wt.%, all tests reveal that alloy has the optimal corrosion performance. The second phase in these alloys, due to their nobler nature than ?-Mg, exists as cathode during corrosion process, so that ?-Mg preferentially occurs corrosion to accelerate the formation of corrosion pits. After soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for some time, the stability of the W phase changed, and gradually dissolved, which was finally removed by chromic acid used for removal of corrosion products. In addition, X phase can be used as an anode in the micro-galvanic cells formed with W phase to reduce the corrosion rate of ?-Mg and thus improve the corrosion performance of the alloy.
{"title":"Effect of Zn content on corrosion behavior of Mg-Y-Zn alloys","authors":"Y. Shi, X. Liu, Z. Liu, Huanjian Xie, Y. Wang, J. Li","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210525048s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210525048s","url":null,"abstract":"The microstructure, corrosion behavior and electrochemical behavior of as-cast Mg-4Y-xZn (x=1,2,3,4 wt.%) are studied by SEM, weight loss and electrochemical tests. Mg12YZn (X), Mg3Y2Zn3 (W) and Mg24Y5 constitute the phase composition system of the alloy. When Zn content is 1 wt.%, all tests reveal that alloy has the optimal corrosion performance. The second phase in these alloys, due to their nobler nature than ?-Mg, exists as cathode during corrosion process, so that ?-Mg preferentially occurs corrosion to accelerate the formation of corrosion pits. After soaking in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for some time, the stability of the W phase changed, and gradually dissolved, which was finally removed by chromic acid used for removal of corrosion products. In addition, X phase can be used as an anode in the micro-galvanic cells formed with W phase to reduce the corrosion rate of ?-Mg and thus improve the corrosion performance of the alloy.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87468453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The A7N01-T5 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 12 mm were welded with the ER5356 and ER5087 welding wires, respectively, by the method of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding. The mechanical properties and microstructures of the welded joints were investigated by micro-hardness measurement, tensile test, energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of 7N01/5087 welded joint (the 7N01 aluminum alloy plate welded with ER5087 wire) were greater than those of 7N01/5356 welded joint (the 7N01 aluminum alloy plate welded with ER5356 wires), respectively. The high strength and good elongation of 7N01/5087 welded joint were mainly attributed to microstructure refinement in the weld zone through adding Zr element to promote the nucleation of Al grains around the Al3Zr sites.
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of A7N01 aluminum alloy weld joints filled with ER5356 and ER5087 weld wires","authors":"H. Xie, L. Hu, Q. Ma, W. Meng, X. Yin","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210625056x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210625056x","url":null,"abstract":"The A7N01-T5 aluminum alloy plates with a thickness of 12 mm were welded with the ER5356 and ER5087 welding wires, respectively, by the method of Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding. The mechanical properties and microstructures of the welded joints were investigated by micro-hardness measurement, tensile test, energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the tensile strength and elongation of 7N01/5087 welded joint (the 7N01 aluminum alloy plate welded with ER5087 wire) were greater than those of 7N01/5356 welded joint (the 7N01 aluminum alloy plate welded with ER5356 wires), respectively. The high strength and good elongation of 7N01/5087 welded joint were mainly attributed to microstructure refinement in the weld zone through adding Zr element to promote the nucleation of Al grains around the Al3Zr sites.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89055197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Colin-García, A. Cruz-Ramírez, J. Romero-Serrano, R. Sánchez-Álvarado, V. Gutiérrez-Pérez, G. Reyes-Castellanos
Samples of ductile iron alloyed with 0.88 % Ni with a nodule count of 606, 523, and 290 nod/mm2 were obtained from sand cast plates of different thickness in the range from 8.46 to 25.4 mm. The effect of the nodule count was evaluated during the austempering process held at 285?C and austempering times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 70, and 90 min. The volume fraction of high carbon austenite increased when the nodule count increased, however, the carbon content of the high carbon austenite kept almost constant. The process window was narrow, requiring a lower austempering time when the nodule count increased. The combination of a higher nodule count and low austempering temperature allowed obtaining a fine ausferritic microstructure which led to higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength. The process window was determined by XRD measurements and it was in good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased.
{"title":"Nodule count effect on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypo-eutectic ADI alloyed with nickel","authors":"E. Colin-García, A. Cruz-Ramírez, J. Romero-Serrano, R. Sánchez-Álvarado, V. Gutiérrez-Pérez, G. Reyes-Castellanos","doi":"10.2298/JMMB200403009C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB200403009C","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of ductile iron alloyed with 0.88 % Ni with a nodule count of 606, 523, and 290 nod/mm2 were obtained from sand cast plates of different thickness in the range from 8.46 to 25.4 mm. The effect of the nodule count was evaluated during the austempering process held at 285?C and austempering times of 15, 30, 45, 60, 70, and 90 min. The volume fraction of high carbon austenite increased when the nodule count increased, however, the carbon content of the high carbon austenite kept almost constant. The process window was narrow, requiring a lower austempering time when the nodule count increased. The combination of a higher nodule count and low austempering temperature allowed obtaining a fine ausferritic microstructure which led to higher Brinell hardness and tensile strength. The process window was determined by XRD measurements and it was in good agreement with the microstructural and hardness evolution as the austempering time increased.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Chipise, N. R. Batane, P. Jain, S. Coetzee, B. Odera, W. Goosen, L. Cornish
The Vickers hardnesses of 21 as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys of different compositions were studied, and nanohardness indentations were done on the individual phases. The results were used to explain the brittleness by assessing the proportions of the phases, and their morphologies. The compound hardnesses varied between 704 - 1289 HV, with ~ZrRu2 being the hardest phase, and ~Zr2Ni7 being the least hard phase. The sample hardnesses were 300 - 1015 HV. Most of the samples were brittle, although there were regions of toughness around Ni36:Ru13:Zr51 and Ni20:Ru5:Zr75 (at.%). No alloy was identified to have potential good mechanical properties.
{"title":"Hardness characteristics of as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys","authors":"L. Chipise, N. R. Batane, P. Jain, S. Coetzee, B. Odera, W. Goosen, L. Cornish","doi":"10.2298/JMMB200307022C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB200307022C","url":null,"abstract":"The Vickers hardnesses of 21 as-cast Ni-Ru-Zr alloys of different compositions were studied, and nanohardness indentations were done on the individual phases. The results were used to explain the brittleness by assessing the proportions of the phases, and their morphologies. The compound hardnesses varied between 704 - 1289 HV, with ~ZrRu2 being the hardest phase, and ~Zr2Ni7 being the least hard phase. The sample hardnesses were 300 - 1015 HV. Most of the samples were brittle, although there were regions of toughness around Ni36:Ru13:Zr51 and Ni20:Ru5:Zr75 (at.%). No alloy was identified to have potential good mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"4 1","pages":"22-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90601080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The three-dimensional computer model of the Co-Cu-CoS-Cu2S subsystem T-x-y diagram at temperatures above 800oC is represented. It is shown that the liquid immiscibility in the binary subsystem Cu-Cu2S is transformed within the ternary system with Co into the wide two-phase region of two immiscible melts, which interrupts the univariant curve of the Co and Cu2S co-crystallization. The special features of the structure of the solidus surface of cobalt, caused by liquid-phase immiscibility are considered.
{"title":"3D computer model of the Co-Cu-CoS-Cu2S subsystem T-x-y diagram above 800°C","authors":"V. Lutsyk, V. Vorob’eva, A. Zelenaya, M. Lamueva","doi":"10.2298/JMMB190307028L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/JMMB190307028L","url":null,"abstract":"The three-dimensional computer model of the Co-Cu-CoS-Cu2S subsystem T-x-y diagram at temperatures above 800oC is represented. It is shown that the liquid immiscibility in the binary subsystem Cu-Cu2S is transformed within the ternary system with Co into the wide two-phase region of two immiscible melts, which interrupts the univariant curve of the Co and Cu2S co-crystallization. The special features of the structure of the solidus surface of cobalt, caused by liquid-phase immiscibility are considered.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79091678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lanying Wang, Yunlin Wei, Shiwei Zhou, Bo Li, Hong Wang
As a waste resource, waste cooking oil (WCO) has not been widely used. Based on the characteristics of WCO cracking, this study proposed to replace fossil-based reductant with WCO for copper slag cleaning, to solve the problem of carbon neutralization in this process. Copper slag cleaning experiments were carried out in a lab-scale electric furnace. The matte separated behavior from slag and the distribution of matte in slag were studied. The results showed that the Fe3O4 content decreases from 12.9 to 3.5 wt.% by injecting 2.2 mL of WCO into 300 g copper slag at 1250?C. The distribution of copper content in slag is gradient along the vertical direction. In the reduction stage, the excessive Fe3O4 is reduced and the fluidity of slag is improved. When the precipitation time above 60 minutes, the copper content in the middle and upper slag is reduced to 0.57 wt.%, which realizes the copper slag cleaning by using WCO.
废食用油作为一种废弃物资源，尚未得到广泛的利用。根据WCO裂解的特点，本研究提出用WCO代替化石基还原剂清洗铜渣，以解决该过程中的碳中和问题。在实验室电炉上进行了铜渣净化实验。研究了磨砂在炉渣中的分离行为和磨砂在炉渣中的分布。结果表明:在300 g铜渣中注入2.2 mL WCO，在1250℃下，Fe3O4含量从12.9%下降到3.5 wt.%;渣中铜含量沿垂直方向呈梯度分布。在还原阶段，减少了过量的Fe3O4，提高了渣的流动性。当沉淀时间大于60 min时，中上渣中的铜含量降至0.57 wt.%，实现了WCO对铜渣的净化。
{"title":"Matte separated behavior from slag during the cleaning process by using waste cooking oil as carbon neutral reductant","authors":"Lanying Wang, Yunlin Wei, Shiwei Zhou, Bo Li, Hong Wang","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210407034w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210407034w","url":null,"abstract":"As a waste resource, waste cooking oil (WCO) has not been widely used. Based on the characteristics of WCO cracking, this study proposed to replace fossil-based reductant with WCO for copper slag cleaning, to solve the problem of carbon neutralization in this process. Copper slag cleaning experiments were carried out in a lab-scale electric furnace. The matte separated behavior from slag and the distribution of matte in slag were studied. The results showed that the Fe3O4 content decreases from 12.9 to 3.5 wt.% by injecting 2.2 mL of WCO into 300 g copper slag at 1250?C. The distribution of copper content in slag is gradient along the vertical direction. In the reduction stage, the excessive Fe3O4 is reduced and the fluidity of slag is improved. When the precipitation time above 60 minutes, the copper content in the middle and upper slag is reduced to 0.57 wt.%, which realizes the copper slag cleaning by using WCO.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78961703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J.C. Jiménez-Lugos, R. Sánchez-Álvarado, A. Cruz-Ramírez, J. Romero-Serrano, A. Hernández-Ramírez, J. Rivera-Salinas
Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected to 750?C and a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC to 1000?C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide is reduced by the C present in reagents while silicon and sodium form a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The antimony and slag produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 leading the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag may indicate a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since it promotes the Na2Sb4O7 compound in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.
{"title":"Antimony recovery from recycled terminals of lead-acid batteries with Na2CO3 and SiC after firstly SsB2O3 formation","authors":"J.C. Jiménez-Lugos, R. Sánchez-Álvarado, A. Cruz-Ramírez, J. Romero-Serrano, A. Hernández-Ramírez, J. Rivera-Salinas","doi":"10.2298/jmmb210616052j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/jmmb210616052j","url":null,"abstract":"Terminals obtained from spent lead-acid batteries in Mexico contain around 2 wt% Sb. The terminals were melted in an electric furnace and then oxygen was injected to 750?C and a gas flow rate of 2 L/min to produce high purity Sb2O3. The antimony trioxide obtained was treated with a mixture of Na2CO3-SiC to 1000?C to obtain metallic antimony. The antimony trioxide is reduced by the C present in reagents while silicon and sodium form a slag phase. The amounts of Sb2O3 and SiC were held constant while the Na2CO3 was evaluated in the range from 30 to 42 wt%. The antimony and slag produced were characterized by X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS techniques. The addition of 34 wt% Na2CO3 leading the recovery of antimony up to 90.16 wt% (99.57 wt% purity) and the lowest antimony losses in the slag (2 wt%). In addition, the compounds Na2SiO3 and Na2Si2O5 formed in the slag may indicate a more stable slag. Na2CO3 contents higher than 38 wt% decreased the antimony recovery since it promotes the Na2Sb4O7 compound in the slag. The oxidation and reduction process was modeled in FactSage 7.3 software for a better understanding of the Na2CO3 and SiC additions on the antimony recovery rates and compounds formed in the slag.","PeriodicalId":51090,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Metallurgy Section B-Metallurgy","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76654105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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