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Player Perceptions of Face Validity and Fidelity in 360-Video and Virtual Reality Cricket. 360视频和虚拟现实板球中玩家对人脸有效性和保真度的感知。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-11-06 Print Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0122
Oliver R Runswick

Virtual reality (VR) and 360° video can provide new opportunities for testing and training in sport. Both options offer different benefits in terms of efficacy for training, ease of use, and cost. This creates questions about the implementation of immersive technologies, and research is required to further understand their use. We aimed to gain initial evidence of athletes' perceptions of face validity and fidelity in VR and 360-video. Thirty-nine international pathway cricketers experienced five overs in VR cricket and in a 360-video recording. After trying each technology, players completed questionnaires to measure perceptions of presence and task workload. Participants reported immersive experience in both methods, but higher levels of realism, possibility to act, physical effort, temporal constraints, and task control in VR. 360-video offers a better possibility to visually examine the environment, while VR offers enhanced realism and physical elements, but 360-video may still offer affordable solutions for visual tasks.

虚拟现实(VR)和360°视频可以为体育测试和训练提供新的机会。这两种选择在训练效果、易用性和成本方面都有不同的优势。这就产生了关于沉浸式技术实现的问题,需要进行研究以进一步了解其用途。我们旨在获得运动员在VR和360视频中对人脸有效性和逼真度的感知的初步证据。39名国际路径板球运动员在VR板球和360视频录制中经历了五次回合。在尝试了每项技术后,玩家完成了问卷调查,以衡量对存在感和任务工作量的感知。参与者报告说,在这两种方法中都有身临其境的体验,但在虚拟现实中有更高水平的真实感、行动的可能性、体力、时间限制和任务控制。360视频提供了更好的视觉检查环境的可能性,而VR提供了增强的真实感和物理元素,但360视频仍可能为视觉任务提供负担得起的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
Temporal Sequencing of Naturalistic Associations Between Body Satisfaction and Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study Among Women in Midlife With Elevated Cardiovascular Risk. 身体满意度和体育活动之间自然联系的时间序列:心血管风险升高的中年女性的生态瞬时评估研究。
IF 2 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Print Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0281
Kelly A Romano, Kristin E Heron, Danielle Arigo

The goal of the present study was to examine naturalistic associations between body satisfaction and physical activity (PA) among women in midlife. Women 40-60 years of age with cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension; N = 75; Mage = 51.63) responded to five surveys per day for 10 days while accelerometer-derived PA measurements were collected continuously. PA parameters included cognitive determinants (PA motivation and intentions) and accelerometer-measured PA behavior (sedentary behavior, light-intensity PA, and moderate to vigorous PA). Multilevel models indicated that associations between body satisfaction and everyday PA differed across PA determinants, time frames (concurrent and prospective), and levels (momentary, daily, and person). For example, positive bidirectional associations were identified between women's daily body satisfaction and PA motivation, whereas greater momentary light-intensity PA (but not moderate to vigorous PA) was unidirectionally associated with greater body satisfaction at a subsequent prompt. These findings provide insight into how associations between body satisfaction and PA unfold in the daily lives of women in midlife and highlight the complexities of these associations.

本研究的目的是检验中年女性身体满意度和体育活动(PA)之间的自然联系。40-60岁有心血管危险因素(如高血压;N=75;Mage=51.63)的女性在10天内每天接受5次调查,同时持续收集加速度计衍生的PA测量值。PA参数包括认知决定因素(PA动机和意图)和加速度计测量的PA行为(久坐行为、轻度PA和中度至剧烈PA)。多水平模型表明,身体满意度和日常PA之间的关联在PA决定因素、时间框架(并发和前瞻性)和水平(瞬时、日常和个人)方面存在差异。例如,在女性的日常身体满意度和PA动机之间发现了正的双向关联,而更大的瞬时光强度PA(但不是中等到剧烈的PA)在随后的提示下与更大的身体满意度单向关联。这些发现深入了解了身体满意度和PA之间的联系在中年女性的日常生活中是如何展开的,并突出了这些联系的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
Digest. 消化
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Print Date: 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0272
Kim Gammage, Erica Bennett, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Seungmin Lee, Sascha Leisterer, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork
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引用次数: 0
Comparisons and Conversions: A Methodological Note and Caution for Meta-Analysis in Sport and Exercise Psychology. 比较与转换:运动与锻炼心理学元分析的方法论注意事项。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Print Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0076
Andrew P Hill

Meta-analysis is a powerful tool in sport and exercise psychology. However, it has a number of pitfalls, and some lead to ill-advised comparisons and overestimation of effects. The impetus for this research note is provided by a recent systematic review of meta-analyses that examined the correlates of sport performance and has fallen foul of some of the pitfalls. Although the systematic review potentially has great value for researchers and practitioners alike, it treats effects from correlational and intervention studies as yielding equivalent information, double-counts multiple studies, and uses an effect size for correlational studies (Cohen's d) that provides an extreme contrast of unclear practical relevance. These issues impact interpretability, bias, and usefulness of the findings. This methodological note explains each pitfall and illustrates use of an appropriate equivalent effect size for correlational studies (Mathur and VanderWeele's d) to help researchers avoid similar issues in future work.

元分析是运动和锻炼心理学的有力工具。然而,它有很多陷阱,有些会导致不明智的比较和对效果的高估。这篇研究报告的动力来自于最近对荟萃分析的系统回顾,该分析考察了运动表现的相关性,并发现了一些陷阱。尽管系统综述可能对研究人员和从业者都有很大的价值,但它将相关性研究和干预研究的影响视为产生等效信息,对多项研究进行双重计数,并使用相关性研究的影响大小(Cohen’s d),提供了不清楚实际相关性的极端对比。这些问题影响了研究结果的可解释性、偏见和有用性。该方法说明解释了每个陷阱,并说明了在相关性研究中使用适当的等效效应大小(Mathur和VanderWeele的d),以帮助研究人员在未来的工作中避免类似的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Social Supports and Barriers for Older Adults Not Participating in Group Physical Activity. 老年人不参加集体体育活动的社会支持和障碍。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-09-06 Print Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0156
Lindsay Morrison, Meghan H McDonough, Jennifer Hewson, Ann Toohey, Cari Din, Sarah J Kenny

Group physical activity can provide physical and social benefits; however, social barriers or a lack of social support may affect participation. This study examined social-support needs and barriers among older adults who were not participating in group physical activities. Using interpretive description, semistructured interviews were conducted with 38 older adults (M = 70.9 years; 81.6% women). Themes were grouped into two categories. Category 1, expectations and initial impressions, consisted of the following: (a) Groups cannot meet everyone's expectations or interests, (b) groups are intimidating to join, and (c) the need for inclusive programming. Category 2, social processes within group physical activity, consisted of (a) modeling physical activity behaviors, (b) sharing information and suggestions about physical activity opportunities, and (c) encouragement and genuine interest. Outreach to this population should aim to address these barriers and utilize these supportive behaviors to reduce feelings of intimidation and promote participation among older adults.

集体体育活动可以提供身体和社会效益;然而,社会障碍或缺乏社会支持可能会影响参与。这项研究调查了没有参加集体体育活动的老年人的社会支持需求和障碍。使用解释性描述,对38名老年人(M=70.9岁;81.6%为女性)进行了半结构访谈。主题分为两类。第1类,期望和初步印象,包括以下内容:(a)群体无法满足每个人的期望或兴趣,(b)群体令人望而却步,难以加入,以及(c)需要制定包容性的方案。第2类,群体体育活动中的社会过程,包括(a)模拟体育活动行为,(b)分享关于体育活动机会的信息和建议,以及(c)鼓励和真正的兴趣。对这一人群的宣传应旨在解决这些障碍,并利用这些支持行为来减少恐吓感,促进老年人的参与。
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引用次数: 0
Teachers' Verbal and Nonverbal Communication, Students' Psychological Needs, and Positive and Negative Outcomes in Physical Education. 教师的言语和非言语交际、学生的心理需求以及体育教学中的积极和消极结果。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Print Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0240
Héctor Moreno-Casado, Francisco M Leo, Miguel A López-Gajardo, Tomás García-Calvo, Juan J Pulido

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers' communication and students' psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students' grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; Mage = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured at three times was tested: teachers' verbal/nonverbal communication (Time 1), needs satisfaction/frustration (Time 2), and PE outcomes (Time 3). Verbal communication positively predicted needs satisfaction, which, in turn, positively predicted enjoyment, PE usefulness, and students' grade perception and negatively predicted boredom. Verbal communication negatively predicted needs frustration, which was a positive predictor of boredom. Multigroup analysis showed that gender did not moderate the associations in the path model, whereas mediating effects were found between teachers' communication and consequences via students' psychological needs. Teachers should improve their communicative capacities to satisfy students' psychological needs and promote positive PE  outcomes.

本研究以体育为研究对象,考察了教师的沟通与学生的心理需求、快乐/无聊、体育有用性和学生的年级感知之间的关系。参与者是来自29所西班牙中学的1000名学生(572名女孩;Mage=14.58±0.65)。测试了包括三次测量变量的路径模型:教师的言语/非言语交流(时间1)、需求满意度/挫折感(时间2)和体育成绩(时间3)。言语交流正向预测需求满足,而需求满足反过来正向预测快乐、体育有用性和学生的年级感知,而负向预测无聊。言语交流消极地预测了需求挫折,这是无聊的积极预测因素。多组分析表明,性别并没有调节路径模型中的关联,而教师的沟通和学生心理需求的影响之间存在中介作用。教师应提高交际能力,以满足学生的心理需求,促进体育教学取得积极成果。
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引用次数: 0
Digest. 消化
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Print Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2023-0204
Kim Gammage, Erica Bennett, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Seungmin Lee, Sascha Leisterer, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork
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引用次数: 0
Examining the Utility of Stress-, Motivation-, and Commitment-Based Perspectives of Athlete Burnout. 考察基于压力、动机和承诺的运动员倦怠视角的效用。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-08-18 Print Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0127
Siobhán Woods, Simon Dunne, Pamela Gallagher

Burnout, characterized by exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and devaluation, can have substantial negative implications for athletes. Notably, researchers continue to examine burnout from multiple perspectives, commonly focusing on stress-, motivation-, or commitment-related factors, with limited efforts to consider these perspectives together. In contrast, this study aimed to assess the utility of these multiple perspectives and the key predictors of burnout in the same athlete sample. Data on burnout, stress, motivation, motivational climate, and sport commitment were gathered from 370 Gaelic games athletes. Separate structural equation models incorporating stress, motivation, and commitment factors as predictors of burnout dimensions were assessed. All models showed adequate fit. However, differences in effect size suggest that stress is more strongly associated with exhaustion, while commitment and motivation showed a stronger relationship with reduced accomplishment and devaluation. Evidence of significant predictors across perspectives also supports an integrated approach and may inform integration efforts and targeted intervention strategies.

以疲惫、成绩下降和贬值为特征的倦怠可能对运动员产生重大负面影响。值得注意的是,研究人员继续从多个角度研究倦怠,通常关注与压力、动机或承诺相关的因素,而将这些观点放在一起考虑的努力有限。相反,本研究旨在评估这些多角度的效用,以及在同一运动员样本中倦怠的关键预测因素。从370名盖尔运动会运动员身上收集了关于倦怠、压力、动机、动机氛围和体育承诺的数据。将压力、动机和承诺因素作为倦怠维度的预测因素,对单独的结构方程模型进行了评估。所有型号都显示出足够的贴合度。然而,效果大小的差异表明,压力与疲惫的关系更为密切,而承诺和动机与成就感下降和贬值的关系更强。跨视角的重要预测因素的证据也支持综合方法,并可能为综合努力和有针对性的干预策略提供信息。
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引用次数: 1
An Examination of the Challenge/Threat State and Sport-Performance Relationship While Controlling for Past Performance. 在控制过去表现的情况下,对挑战/威胁状态和运动表现关系的研究。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0197
Matthew Jewiss, Oliver R Runswick, Iain Greenlees

A challenge state is associated with superior performance compared to a threat state in a variety of performance domains (e.g., sport, aviation, education). However, in the challenge and threat (C/T) literature, between-subjects variability in past performance is often inconsistently controlled for. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of C/T states on performance using two methods to control for past performance. Experiment 1 used previous performance statistics in a between-subjects design and Experiment 2 used a within-subject design. In Experiment 1, regression analysis showed that cardiovascular correlates of C/T states predicted cricket batting performance in 45 amateur cricketers. In Experiment 2, between- and within-subject analysis found that past performance was the only predictor of subsequent golf putting performance in 40 noncompetitive golfers. Taken together, the findings challenge the role that C/T states play in predicting performance under pressure after controlling for past performance.

在各种性能领域(例如,体育、航空、教育),与威胁状态相比,挑战状态与优越的性能相关联。然而,在挑战和威胁(C/T)文献中,受试者之间过去表现的可变性通常没有得到一致的控制。在这里,我们的目的是研究C/T状态对性能的影响,使用两种方法来控制过去的性能。实验1采用受试者间设计中的先前性能统计数据,实验2采用受试者内设计。在实验1中,回归分析显示心血管相关的C/T状态预测了45名业余板球运动员的板球击球表现。在实验2中,受试者之间和受试者内部分析发现,在40名非竞争性高尔夫球手中,过去的表现是未来推杆表现的唯一预测因素。综上所述,这些发现挑战了C/T状态在控制过去表现后预测压力下表现的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The Relationships Between Neural Activity and In-Game Hitting Performance in Baseball. 神经活动与棒球游戏打击表现之间的关系。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0181
Jason R Themanson, Grace Norton, Evan Daly, Leah Thoma, Brad E Sheese

The current study examines the relationships between hitters' neural activity and their in-game hitting performance. Collegiate baseball players completed a computerized video task assessing whether thrown pitches were balls or strikes while their neural activity was recorded. In addition, each player's hitting statistics were collected for the following baseball season. Results showed that neural activity during the computerized task was associated with in-game hitting performance, even after accounting for other individual difference variables. These findings indicate that players' neural activity measured in a laboratory environment shows a translational relationship with in-game hitting performance over time. Neural activity provides a more objective analysis of players' ongoing self-regulatory processes during hitting and a better understanding of the cognitive processes associated with hitting performance. Self-regulatory cognitive control is adaptable and trainable, and this research advances the measurement of cognitive variables related with in-game hitting performance in baseball.

目前的研究考察了击球手的神经活动和他们在游戏中的击球表现之间的关系。大学棒球运动员完成了一项电脑视频任务,评估投出的球是球还是好球,同时记录下他们的神经活动。此外,还收集了每个球员在下一个棒球赛季的击球数据。结果显示,即使在考虑了其他个体差异变量之后,计算机化任务期间的神经活动与游戏中的击球表现有关。这些发现表明,在实验室环境中测量的玩家神经活动与游戏中的击球表现呈现出一种转换关系。神经活动可以更客观地分析球员击球过程中的自我调节过程,更好地理解与击球表现相关的认知过程。自我调节认知控制具有适应性和可训练性,本研究提出了与棒球比赛中击球表现相关的认知变量的测量方法。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
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