Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology最新文献

Verbal communication among expert and nonexpert esport team players during active gameplay of Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) was observed and analyzed. By analyzing 4,040 in-game statements comprising 22,490 words (15,727 made by experts and 6,763 by nonexperts) across eight matches, we examined communication characteristics, such as content, frequency, pace, and distribution. Expert teams communicated more frequently and effectively than nonexpert teams, using predominantly factual and action-related statements while maintaining a significantly faster communication pace. Moreover, expert teams demonstrated a more balanced distribution of speakers, indicating shared responsibility among team players. A sequential analysis revealed that expert teams' players strategically transitioned between uncertainty-to-acknowledgement statements, and frequently transitioned between factual-to-factual and action-to-action statements. In contrast, nonexpert teams' players transitioned more between nontask-related statements and statements expressing emotions. These findings underscore the importance of efficient, task-relevant communication during active gameplay in fostering team shared mental models, rapid decision making, and effective team performance.

Socially supportive relationships in physical activity (PA) can assist in coping with cancer-related distress and contribute to PA. While perceptions that social support (SS) is available are associated with well-being and PA, less is known about what behaviors contribute to perceptions of being supported, which is important for developing strategies to facilitate SS. We examined participants' experiences with SS behaviors in group exercise oncology programs. Twelve interviews and three focus groups were conducted with 24 people living with cancer to explore experiences with SS related to PA programs. Using reflexive thematic analysis, SS behaviors were identified in five themes: developing caring relationships; a safe haven of care, connection, and understanding; nurturing a desire for seizing opportunities; facilitating preparation for engagement in opportunities; and helping to fully engage in opportunities. SS helped participants cope with cancer, learn new skills and improve their exercise abilities, and form supportive connections with others.

Perfectionism has been linked to doping in sport. However, research to date has focused on trait perfectionism and has neglected other possibly relevant aspects of perfectionism. One such aspect is perfectionistic self-presentation-the interpersonal expression of perfectionism. Therefore, the aim of the present research note was to provide a first exploratory examination of whether perfectionistic self-presentation is related to doping in sport. To do so, we recruited two samples of athletes (total N = 362) who responded to measures of perfectionistic self-presentation (perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection), positive attitudes toward doping (Sample 1), and doping willingness (Sample 2). Results of bivariate correlational analyses showed that nondisclosure of imperfection was positively correlated with positive attitudes toward doping, and perfectionistic self-promotion and nondisplay of imperfection were positively correlated with doping willingness. When controlling for the overlap between perfectionistic self-presentation dimensions, in regression analyses, only nondisclosure of imperfection emerged as a positive predictor of positive attitudes toward doping (Sample 1). The findings provide tentative evidence that perfectionistic self-presentation may be associated with doping, at least at the bivariate level, and, in doing so, highlights the need for future doping research to consider other aspects of perfectionism.

The purpose of this study was to describe and interpret staff members of after-school sport-based positive youth development programs perceptions' of how they foster social connections with youth exposed to risk factors. Participants included 10 staff members (eight women and two men) who work within after-school, sport-based positive youth development programs. Data were generated via one-on-one semistructured interviews conducted either in-person or via Zoom. A four-step process of data analysis was used to identify five themes that represent the findings of this interpretative phenomenological analysis: (1) getting to know, investing, and showing intention toward youth; (2) fostering positive spaces and relationships; (3) allowing for autonomy and leadership; (4) practicing what you preach; and (5) power dynamics and approaching with caution. Findings highlight critical considerations for fostering social connections with youth exposed to risk factors that may improve the experiences of both youth and staff members in sport-focused positive youth development programs.

In most sports, more male than female officials are recruited and retained. The limited research focusing on female sport officials suggests that their experiences are frequently negative. Further understanding of female sport officials' experiences is imperative for learning more about their intentions to begin and continue as officials. The purpose of this study was to explore the positive and negative experiences of female officials who operated in sports where the officials were primarily male. Nine sport officials participated in semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to identify and code common themes within the data, many of which aligned with the principles of self-determination theory. The main themes discussed herein are (a) the female experience, (b) facilitators, and (c) barriers. Recommendations are provided, which might contribute to future policy changes that lead to increased recruitment and retention of female officials.

Tai Chi, a mindfulness-based aerobic exercise, may alleviate depressive symptoms and improve physiological markers in older adults. However, its distinct effects compared with general aerobic exercise remain unclear. To compare the effects of Tai Chi and general aerobic exercise on depressive symptoms and serum lipid levels in community-dwelling older adults with mild to moderate depression, a randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to Tai Chi (n = 120) or general aerobic exercise (n = 120) for 3 months. Depressive symptoms and serum lipid levels were measured at baseline and postintervention. A generalized estimating equation was used to assess group differences over time. The Tai Chi group exhibited significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and improvements in serum lipid profiles compared with the general aerobic exercise group. Tai Chi's mind-body synergy may enhance its antidepressant effects, offering a promising approach to mental health and healthy aging.

As mental health issues are prevalent among athletes, research is warranted to examine athletes' help-seeking for mental health concerns. This study examined the relationship between social norms and college athletes' mental health help-seeking intentions. Analysis of cross-sectional survey data from 290 college athletes in the United States and Canada revealed that after accounting for key control variables, descriptive norms from parents (i.e., perceptions that parents would seek help) were positively associated with athletes' help-seeking intentions. Descriptive norms from coaches, teammates, and friends were not associated with help-seeking intentions. Relationships between descriptive norms and help-seeking intentions were not moderated by social identity or injunctive norms. The findings suggest that descriptive norms may have a small, but meaningful relationship with intentions to seek help for mental health concerns, depending on the person from whom the social norms originate.

The relationship between muscle strength and cognition is widely studied in older adults; however, understanding this association at younger ages may help detect markers of early cognitive changes and inform future interventions. Accordingly, we aimed to identify relationships between handgrip, whole-body, upper body, and lower body strength and cognitive functions. A total of 112 adults (aged 18-50 years) completed comprehensive measures of muscle strength, aerobic capacity, body composition, and cognitive function. Hierarchical linear regressions revealed that individuals with stronger handgrip had better mental rotation performance (standardized β = 0.39); those with greater upper body strength had superior recognition (standardized β = 0.52) and pattern separation abilities (standardized β = 0.39), but whole- and lower body strength were not associated. Results demonstrate the unique relationship between upper body strength and aspects of cognitive function, in addition to differential associations of upper body and handgrip strength with encoding, retrieval, and spatial skills. The current findings establish an association between strength and cognitive function earlier than previously thought.

The study provides a qualitative exploration of how soccer players reporting perfectionism navigate challenges in talent pathways. Eighteen players (10 females, eight males, Mage = 16.17 years, SD = 3.47) from talent pathways with higher levels of perfectionism and perfectionistic cognitions (1SD above the mean of samples from previous studies) participated in semistructured one-to-one interviews. Using semantic thematic analysis, seven themes were identified: cycles of anxiety, sadness at being a substitute, self-criticism and hopelessness during slumps, ruminating on mistakes, worthless when injured, shame in success and intolerance of defeat, and psychological distress. Participants experienced heightened anxiety, especially when substituted, and responded to poor performance, mistakes, and injuries with self-criticism and unhelpful emotions. Postmatch, they ruminated over both success and defeat, with some reporting extreme psychological difficulties. The findings highlight how aspiring soccer players perceived perfectionism as a barrier to overcoming challenges, hindering both their performance and well-being.

Athletes' overall well-being (WB) often intertwines with their sport WB and vice versa. While holistic WB measures have been explored in nonsport contexts, researchers aim to understand competitive athletes' WB using psychometrically rigorous assessments. Consequently, two interrelated studies were conducted to develop and validate companion instruments: (a) the Well-Being in Sport Questionnaire to gauge outcome-related sport WB and (b) the Sport Well-Being Enhancement Profile to identify strategies for enhancing sport WB. Following contemporary instrument development recommendations, including item development, content, and factor validity, the instruments underwent exploratory factor analysis, exploratory structural covariance modeling, confirmatory factor analysis, and measurement invariance. By utilizing the Well-Being in Sport Questionnaire and Sport Well-Being Enhancement Profile, coaches, athletes, and practitioners can comprehensively understand athletes' WB, facilitating strategies for daily enhancement alongside peak sport performance.