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Neither Too Easy Nor Too Difficult: Effects of Different Success Criteria on Motor Skill Acquisition in Children. 不太容易也不太困难:不同成功标准对儿童运动技能习得的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-11-10 Print Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0082
Seyyed Mohammadreza Mousavi, Jalal Dehghanizade, Takehiro Iwatsuki

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different success criteria on motor learning in children. Forty-eight children threw soft-golf balls toward a circular target using their nondominant arm. On Day 1, they performed six blocks of 12 trials from 5.5 m. On Day 3, they performed a 12-trial retention test followed by a 12-trial transfer test. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups: difficult criteria for success, relatively easy criteria for success (RES), easy criteria for success, and control. Results demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the RES and control groups in their throwing accuracy on the retention and transfer tests, and the RES group had the highest score compared with the other two groups. This research suggests that providing relatively easy criteria facilitates motor skill acquisition in children.

本研究的目的是探讨不同成功标准对儿童运动学习的影响。48名儿童用他们的非惯用臂向圆形目标投掷软高尔夫球。在第一天,他们从5.5米的高度进行了6组12次试验。第3天,进行12次记忆测试和12次转移测试。参与者被随机分配到四组:困难的成功标准,相对容易的成功标准(RES),简单的成功标准和控制。结果表明,RES组与对照组投掷精度在保持和转移测试中存在显著性差异,且RES组得分最高。这项研究表明,提供相对简单的标准有助于儿童运动技能的习得。
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引用次数: 0
Is It Really Worth the Effort? Examining the Effects of Mental Fatigue on Physical Activity Effort Discounting. 这么做真的值得吗?考察精神疲劳对体力活动努力折扣的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-21 Print Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0330
Sheereen Harris, Paul Stratford, Steven R Bray

Physical activity (PA) guidelines are informed by epidemiological evidence but do not account for people's motivation for exerting physical effort. Previous research has shown that people are less motivated to engage in moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA when fatigued. In a two-study series, we investigated how intensity and duration affected people's willingness to engage in PA using an effort-discounting paradigm. A secondary purpose was to examine whether effort discounting was affected by mental fatigue. Both studies revealed a significant Intensity × Duration interaction demonstrating a reduced willingness to engage in PA of higher intensities across increasing duration levels. Study 1 demonstrated greater effort discounting for vigorous-intensity PA with increasing mental fatigue; however, this effect was not observed in Study 2. Findings provide novel insight toward people's motivation for engaging in PA based on the properties of the task, and some evidence suggesting feelings of fatigue may also influence motivation to exert physical effort.

体力活动(PA)指南是根据流行病学证据制定的,但没有考虑到人们进行体力活动的动机。先前的研究表明,当人们疲劳时,他们不太愿意进行中等到高强度的PA运动。在两个研究系列中,我们使用努力-折扣范式调查了强度和持续时间如何影响人们参与PA的意愿。第二个目的是检验努力折扣是否受到精神疲劳的影响。两项研究都揭示了显著的强度×持续时间相互作用,表明在持续时间增加的情况下,参与高强度PA的意愿降低。研究1表明,随着精神疲劳的增加,高强度PA的努力折扣更大;然而,在研究2中没有观察到这种效应。研究结果为基于任务性质的人们参与PA的动机提供了新的见解,一些证据表明疲劳的感觉也可能影响施加体力劳动的动机。
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引用次数: 0
What Influences Children's Physical Activity? Investigating the Effects of Physical Self-Concept, Physical Self-Guides, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation. 什么影响儿童的身体活动?研究身体自我概念、身体自我引导、自我效能和动机的影响。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-20 Print Date: 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0270
Lena Henning, Dennis Dreiskämper, Hannah Pauly, Steffen Filz, Maike Tietjens

Physical fitness self-concept (PFSC) is an important predictor of motivation and physical activity in children. Recent studies revealed that not only PFSC but also its interplay with perceptions of one's ideal and ought physical fitness self are related to motivation and physical activity. As the meaning of ideal and ought selves in children is yet unclear, this study aimed to investigate how PFSC, ideal physical fitness self, and ought physical fitness self are related to children's motivation and physical activity. Six hundred forty-five children (Mage = 8.87 years) filled out questionnaires twice with an interval of approximately 8 months. Polynomial regression with response surface analyses and mediation analyses was conducted. Results showed that PFSC, rather than ideal and ought self-perceptions, is associated with autonomous motivation, self-efficacy, and physical activity. The relationship between PFSC and physical activity was mediated by self-efficacy. Findings indicate that physical activity promotion programs should include PFSC and self-efficacy enhancement in childhood.

身体健康自我概念(Physical fitness self-concept, PFSC)是儿童运动动机和体育活动的重要预测因子。最近的研究表明,除了PFSC外,PFSC与理想和理想身体健康自我的相互作用也与动机和身体活动有关。由于理想自我和应该自我在儿童中的意义尚不明确,本研究旨在探讨PFSC、理想身体健康自我和应该身体健康自我与儿童动机和身体活动的关系。645名儿童(年龄8.87岁)填写了两次问卷,间隔约为8个月。采用多项式回归、响应面分析和中介分析。结果表明,PFSC与自主动机、自我效能和身体活动有关,而不是与理想和应该的自我感知有关。自我效能感对体力活动的影响具有中介作用。研究结果表明,体育活动促进计划应包括儿童的自我效能感和自我效能感的增强。
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引用次数: 0
A Perception-Action Assessment of the Functionality of Peripheral Vision in Expert and Novice Australian Footballers. 澳大利亚足球专家和新手周边视觉功能的感知-行动评价。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0121
Derek Panchuk, Michael Maloney

While widely acknowledged as being important for team-sport performance, the contribution of peripheral vision is poorly understood. This study aimed to better understand the role of far peripheral vision in team sport by exploring how domain experts and novices used far peripheral vision to support decision making and action control. Expert (n = 25) and novice (n = 23) Australian football players completed a perception-only task to assess the extent of their peripheral field. Next, they completed two sport-specific variations (response and recognition) of a "no-look" pass task that required passing a ball to a teammate who appeared in their far peripheral field. In the perception-only task, novices outperformed experts. However, in the sport-specific action response and recognition tasks, experts demonstrated superior performance as they responded to the stimulus farther from central vision and more accurately. Results demonstrate expertise effects for the use of far peripheral vision in sport.

虽然人们普遍认为周边视觉对团队运动表现很重要,但人们对它的作用却知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨领域专家和新手如何利用远周边视觉支持团队运动决策和行动控制,从而更好地理解远周边视觉在团队运动中的作用。专家(n = 25)和新手(n = 23)澳大利亚足球运动员完成了一项仅感知的任务,以评估他们外围场地的范围。接下来,他们完成了两个特定于运动的“不看”传球任务(反应和识别),该任务要求将球传给出现在远场的队友。在仅感知的任务中,新手的表现优于专家。然而,在运动特定动作反应和识别任务中,专家们表现出优异的表现,因为他们对远离中央视觉的刺激做出了更准确的反应。结果表明,远周边视觉在运动中的应用具有专业效应。
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引用次数: 1
Digest. 消化。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Print Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2022-0191
Kim Gammage, Jeff Caron, Alyson Crozier, Alison Ede, Matt Hoffman, Christopher Hill, Sean Locke, Desi McEwan, Kathleen Mellano, Eva Pila, Matthew Stork, Svenja Wolf
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引用次数: 0
Neural Activity During Imagery Supports Three Imagery Abilities as Measured by the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3. 在意象过程中的神经活动支持三种意象能力由运动意象问卷-3测量。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-09-01 Print Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0229
Brian D Seiler, Eva V Monsma, Roger Newman-Norlund, Ryan Sacko

Self-report and neural data were examined in 14 right-handed college-age males screened from a pool of 200 to verify neural activity during imagery and that the neural activity (area of brain) varies as a function of the imagery type. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected during real-time imagery of the three Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 abilities indicated frontal areas, motor areas, and cerebellum active during kinesthetic imagery, motor areas, and superior parietal lobule during internal visual imagery, and parietal lobule and occipital cortex during external visual imagery. Central and imagery-specific neural patterns were found providing further biological validation of kinesthetic, internal visual, and external visual complementing results on females. Next, research should (a) compare neural activity between male participants screened by self-reported imagery abilities to determine if good imagers have more efficient neural networks than poor imagers and (b) determine if there is a statistical link between participants' neural activity during imagery and self-report Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 scores.

研究人员从200名右撇子大学生中筛选了14名右撇子男性,对他们的自我报告和神经数据进行了检查,以验证他们在成像过程中的神经活动,以及神经活动(大脑区域)随着图像类型的变化而变化。在三项运动意象问卷-3能力的实时成像过程中收集的功能性磁共振成像数据显示,在动觉意象期间,额叶区、运动区和小脑活跃;在内部视觉意象期间,运动区和顶叶上小叶活跃;在外部视觉意象期间,顶叶和枕叶皮层活跃。发现中枢和图像特异性神经模式为女性的动觉、内部视觉和外部视觉互补结果提供了进一步的生物学验证。接下来,研究应该(a)比较通过自我报告成像能力筛选的男性参与者之间的神经活动,以确定成像能力好的人是否比成像能力差的人拥有更有效的神经网络;(b)确定参与者在成像过程中的神经活动与自我报告的运动图像问卷-3得分之间是否存在统计学联系。
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引用次数: 1
Skill-Based Differences in the Detection and Utilization of Opponent Action Preferences Following Increasing Exposure and Changes in Tendencies. 随着接触和倾向的变化,对手动作偏好的检测和利用在技能上的差异。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-30 Print Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0244
Joseph L Thomas, David P Broadbent, N Viktor Gredin, Bradley J Fawver, A Mark Williams

We examined skill-based differences in the detection and utilization of contextual information over a period of increasing exposure to an opponent's action preferences in soccer. Moreover, we investigated the ability of athletes to adapt to changes in these action preferences over time. In an initial detection phase, the attacking opponent demonstrated a proclivity to either pass or dribble, with these preferences being reversed in a subsequent adaptation phase of the same length. Skilled soccer players showed superior anticipation accuracy across both phases compared with less-skilled counterparts. The skilled participants significantly enhanced their performance over both phases, despite a significant drop in performance immediately following the change in opponent action preferences. In contrast, the less-skilled group only improved over the detection phase. Gaze data revealed that the skilled participants fixated more on kinematically relevant areas, compared with the less-skilled group, and increased the time spent fixating the player "off the ball" following greater volumes of exposure. Our novel findings elaborate on how skilled performers use both action preferences and motion information to anticipate an opponent's impending actions in sport.

我们研究了在一段时间内,随着对手在足球比赛中的动作偏好的增加,在检测和利用上下文信息方面的基于技能的差异。此外,我们调查了运动员适应这些动作偏好随时间变化的能力。在最初的检测阶段,进攻对手表现出传球或运球的倾向,这些偏好在随后的相同长度的适应阶段被逆转。技术娴熟的足球运动员在这两个阶段都表现出更高的预测准确度。熟练的参与者在这两个阶段的表现都显著提高,尽管在对手的行动偏好改变后,他们的表现立即显著下降。相比之下,技能较低的一组只在检测阶段有所提高。凝视数据显示,与技术较差的一组相比,技术熟练的参与者更关注运动相关区域,并且在更多的曝光后,他们花在“无球”球员身上的时间也增加了。我们的新发现详细阐述了熟练的表演者如何使用动作偏好和动作信息来预测对手在运动中即将发生的动作。
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引用次数: 3
MAN v FAT Soccer: Feasibility Study and Preliminary Efficacy of a Sport-Based Weight-Loss Intervention for Overweight and Obese Men in Australia. MAN v FAT足球:澳大利亚超重和肥胖男性运动减肥干预的可行性研究和初步疗效。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-30 Print Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0165
Timothy Budden, James A Dimmock, Michael Rosenberg, Mark R Beauchamp, Ian Fitzpatrick, Ben Jackson

MAN v FAT Soccer is a sport-based weight-loss program for overweight and obese men that originated in the United Kingdom (i.e., as MAN v FAT Football) and appears to successfully engage men with weight loss. We sought to explore whether the program would work in an Australian context by (a) establishing a foundation for the implementation of the program on a larger scale and (b) determining how large-scale implementation is most feasible. We conducted a nonrandomized, single intervention group feasibility trial of MAN v FAT Soccer in Australia with 418 male participants with a body mass index greater than 27.50 kg/m2. Results indicate that the program is acceptable, with participants reporting positive perceptions of the various components of the program and a high proportion reporting intentions to recommend the program to others (95.9%). Furthermore, preliminary effectiveness results indicate positive changes in weight (4.6% reduction) and physical activity (88.5% increase) and improvements in psychological outcomes such as depression (17.6% decrease), stress (19.0% decrease), and body appreciation (19.1% increase). Our findings provide general support for the feasibility of MAN v FAT Soccer and the notion that leveraging competition and masculinity may help drive men's health behavior change.

MAN v FAT Soccer是一项以运动为基础的减肥计划,针对超重和肥胖的男性,起源于英国(即MAN v FAT Football),似乎成功地吸引了男性减肥。我们试图通过(a)为大规模实施该计划奠定基础,(b)确定大规模实施的可行性,探索该计划是否适用于澳大利亚的情况。我们在澳大利亚对418名体重指数大于27.50 kg/m2的男性进行了一项非随机、单干预组的MAN vs FAT足球可行性试验。结果表明,该计划是可以接受的,参与者报告了该计划的各个组成部分的积极看法,并且高比例的报告意图向他人推荐该计划(95.9%)。此外,初步效果结果表明,体重(减少4.6%)和身体活动(增加88.5%)发生了积极变化,心理结果如抑郁(减少17.6%)、压力(减少19.0%)和身体欣赏(增加19.1%)得到改善。我们的研究结果为MAN vs FAT Soccer的可行性以及利用竞争和男子气概可能有助于推动男性健康行为改变的概念提供了总体支持。
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引用次数: 1
Modeling Players' Scanning Activity in Football. 足球运动员扫描活动建模
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0299
Marius Pokolm, Robert Rein, Daniel Müller, Stephan Nopp, Marie Kirchhain, Karl Marius Aksum, Geir Jordet, Daniel Memmert

The purpose of this study was to develop and test models of scanning activity in football. Gibson's ecological approach of visual perception and exploratory activity provided the theoretical framework for the models. The video-based data analysis consisted of 17 selected matches and 239 players of the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) U17 and U19 European Championship 2018 and the UEFA U17 and U21 European Championship 2019. The results showed a positive relation between scanning frequency and successful passes, as well as changes in body orientation. Scanning frequency was also related to a player's appearances in national teams and to opponent pressure. Opponent pressure had a large effect on pass result and the player's body orientation. Previous research on the relation between scanning frequency and performance was extended by several contextual predictors. Future research should focus on gaining a deeper understanding of the relation between scanning frequency and further contextual variables related to scanning.

本研究的目的是建立和测试足球运动中扫描活动的模型。吉布森的视觉感知和探索活动的生态方法为这些模型提供了理论框架。基于视频的数据分析包括17场精选比赛和239名欧洲足球协会联盟(UEFA) U17和U19欧洲杯以及2019年UEFA U17和U21欧洲杯的球员。结果表明,扫描频率与成功通过以及身体方向的变化呈正相关。扫描频率还与球员在国家队的出场次数和对手的压力有关。对手的压力对传球结果和球员的身体方向有很大的影响。先前关于扫描频率和性能之间关系的研究扩展了几个上下文预测因子。未来的研究应侧重于更深入地了解扫描频率与其他与扫描相关的上下文变量之间的关系。
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引用次数: 1
Social Support and Body Image in Group Physical Activity Programs for Older Women. 老年妇女团体体育活动项目中的社会支持与身体形象。
IF 2.4 3区 心理学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2022-07-23 Print Date: 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2021-0237
Michelle Patterson, Meghan H McDonough, Jennifer Hewson, S Nicole Culos-Reed, Erica Bennett

Physical declines with aging may negatively impact women's body image. Group physical activity can be a source of social support that may improve body image. We examined how social support experienced in group physical activity programs impacts older women's body image. Guided by interpretive description, we interviewed 14 women age 65 years and older who participated in group physical activity classes. Although women experienced both positive and negative body image, body image was generally positively impacted by physical activity. Four themes described social support processes that affected body image in the physical activity context: fitting in and being inspired through identifying with others; what is discussed and not discussed; providing comfort, understanding, and acceptance; and skilled and empathetic interactions with instructors. Understanding how social support in group physical activity can promote positive body image throughout aging can inform practical guidelines for facilitating and improving support in this context.

随着年龄的增长,身体素质的下降可能会对女性的身体形象产生负面影响。集体体育活动可以是社会支持的来源,可以改善身体形象。我们研究了团体体育活动项目中所经历的社会支持如何影响老年妇女的身体形象。在解释性描述的指导下,我们采访了14名65岁及以上参加团体体育活动班的女性。尽管女性的身体形象既有积极的,也有消极的,但身体形象通常会受到体育活动的积极影响。四个主题描述了在体育活动背景下影响身体形象的社会支持过程:通过认同他人来适应和受到启发;讨论什么和不讨论什么;提供安慰、理解和接纳;以及与导师有技巧和同理心的互动。了解团体体育活动中的社会支持如何在整个衰老过程中促进积极的身体形象,可以为促进和改善这方面的支持提供实用指导。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology
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