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Technologies of Power in Digital Inclusion 数字包容中的力量技术
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00822
Priyanka Pandey, Yingqin Zheng
This study moves beyond the conventional focus on technology access, adoption, and participation in communities, and instead presents a perspective on digital inclusion as a complex process of both empowerment and subjugation. Drawing on Foucault’s theorization on subjectivity and power, our case study of community health workers in rural India reveals that the adoption of an mHealth application simultaneously subordinated and strengthened the subjectivity of the community health workers. The study explicates the process through which the health workers oscillated between the enhancement of their individual efficacy, and their submission to institutionalized power as facilitated by the mHealth application during their everyday work practices. Thus, by shifting the focus from “who” is digitally included to “how” they become digitally included, our research provides a fresh perspective that enriches and deepens the discourse of digital inclusion. It generates both theoretical and practical implications for anyone interested in understanding digital inclusion from a more granulated and practice-based perspective.
这项研究超越了传统上对技术获取、采用和社区参与的关注,而是将数字包容视为一个复杂的赋权和征服过程。借鉴福柯关于主体性和权力的理论,我们对印度农村社区卫生工作者的案例研究表明,移动医疗应用的采用同时服从并加强了社区卫生工作者的主体性。该研究阐明了卫生工作者在日常工作实践中通过移动医疗应用促进个人效能的提高和对制度化权力的服从之间摇摆的过程。因此,通过将研究重点从“谁”被数字包容转移到“如何”被数字包容,我们的研究提供了一个新的视角,丰富和深化了数字包容的论述。它对任何有兴趣从更细粒度和基于实践的角度理解数字包容的人都产生了理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of AI-Based Artifacts' Voice Capabilities for Agency Attribution 基于人工智能的工件的语音能力在代理归因中的作用
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00827
Anuschka Schmitt, Naim Zierau, Andreas Janson, J. Leimeister
The pervasiveness and increasing sophistication of artificial intelligence (AI)-based artifacts within private, organizational, and social realms are changing how humans interact with machines. Theorizing about the way that humans perceive AI-based artifacts is, for example, crucial to understanding why and to what extent humans deem these artifacts to be competent for decision-making but has traditionally taken a modality-agnostic view. In this paper, we theorize about a particular case of interaction, namely that of voice-based interaction with AI-based artifacts. We argue that the capabilities and perceived naturalness of such artifacts, fueled by continuous advances in natural language processing, induce users to deem an artifact as able to act autonomously in a goal-oriented manner. We show that there is a positive direct relationship between the voice capabilities of an artifact and users’ agency attribution, ultimately obscuring the artifact’s true nature and competencies. This relationship is further moderated by the artifact’s actual agency, uncertainty, and user characteristics.
基于人工智能(AI)的人工制品在私人、组织和社会领域的普及和日益复杂,正在改变人类与机器的互动方式。例如,对人类感知基于人工智能的人工制品的方式进行理论化,对于理解人类为什么以及在多大程度上认为这些人工制品能够胜任决策至关重要,但传统上采取了一种模式不可知论的观点。在本文中,我们理论化了一个特定的交互案例,即基于语音的与基于人工智能的工件的交互。我们认为,在自然语言处理不断进步的推动下,这些人工制品的能力和可感知的自然性促使用户认为人工制品能够以目标导向的方式自主行动。我们表明,人工制品的语音能力与用户的代理归因之间存在积极的直接关系,最终模糊了人工制品的真实性质和能力。这种关系被工件的实际代理、不确定性和用户特征进一步调节。
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引用次数: 4
Contextualizing Team Adaptation for Fostering Creative Outcomes in Multicultural Virtual Teams: A Mixed Methods Approach 多元文化虚拟团队中培养创造性成果的情境化团队适应:一种混合方法
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00811
Anuragini Shirish, S. Srivastava, I. Boughzala
Rapid developments in real-time collaborative technologies, coupled with the quest for innovation and creativity, have made global virtual teams (GVTs) a viable workplace collaboration option that many companies are turning to. Although diverse team member perspectives in GVTs are expected to foster creativity, cultural diversity within GVTs also poses significant challenges related to knowledge exchange and integration among team members. Grounding our work in the team adaptation and cultural intelligence (CQ) literatures, we suggest CQ as a plausible modality for cultural adaptation in GVTs. Specifically, we propose a nomological network comprising CQ dimensions (motivation, cognition, metacognition, and behavior) serving as a cultural adaptation mechanism for fostering creativity in GVT outcomes. We contextualize and extend CQ theory, which has previously focused on face-to-face contexts, to the virtual collaborative GVT environment. For this, we conceptualize the significant role of deep-level implicitly negotiated adaptative behavior (role structure adaptation) in GVTs—in addition to surface-level explicitly displayed adaptative behavior (CQ behavior). We tested the proposed model through a sequential mixed methods approach that integrated the results from a quantitative two-wave survey study with findings from a qualitative study comprising expert interviews, to arrive at rich and robust inferences and metainferences. The proposed CQ-for-GVT framework, along with delineated boundary conditions and associated propositions, explicates an integrative model explaining the role of CQ for GVT creativity performance. The delineated model not only has theoretical implications but also provides useful directions for GVT practitioners.
实时协作技术的快速发展,加上对创新和创造力的追求,使得全球虚拟团队(gvt)成为许多公司正在转向的可行的工作场所协作选择。虽然gvt团队成员的多元化观点有望促进创造力,但gvt内部的文化多样性也给团队成员之间的知识交流和整合带来了重大挑战。在团队适应和文化智力(CQ)研究的基础上,我们认为CQ是gvt文化适应的一种可行模式。具体来说,我们提出了一个包含cq维度(动机、认知、元认知和行为)的法则网络,作为促进GVT结果中创造力的文化适应机制。我们将之前专注于面对面情境的CQ理论语境化并扩展到虚拟协作GVT环境中。为此,我们概念化了深层隐性协商适应行为(角色结构适应)在gvt中的重要作用——除了表层显式表现的适应行为(CQ行为)。我们通过顺序混合方法方法测试了所提出的模型,该方法将定量两波调查研究的结果与包括专家访谈在内的定性研究的结果结合起来,得出丰富而有力的推论和推论。本文提出的CQ-for-GVT框架,以及描述的边界条件和相关命题,阐明了一个综合模型,解释了CQ对GVT创造力绩效的作用。所描述的模型不仅具有理论意义,而且为GVT的实践者提供了有益的指导。
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引用次数: 1
Special Issue Introduction: JAIS Special Issue on Technology and Social Inclusion 特刊简介:JAIS科技与社会共融特刊
3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00841
Jaime B. Windeler, Cathy Urquhart, Jason Bennett Thatcher, Michelle Carter, Arlene Bailey
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引用次数: 0
Champions for Social Good: How Can We Discover Social Sentiment and Attitude-Driven Patterns in Prosocial Communication? 社会公益的捍卫者:我们如何发现亲社会沟通中的社会情感和态度驱动模式?
3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00810
Raghava Mukkamala, Robert J. Kauffman, Helle Zinner Henriksen
The UN High Commissioner on Refugees (UNHCR) is pursuing a social media strategy to inform people about displaced populations and refugee emergencies. It is actively engaging public figures to increase awareness through its prosocial communications and improve social informedness and support for policy changes in its services. We studied the Twitter communications of UNHCR social media champions and investigated their role as high-profile influencers. In this study, we offer a design science research and data analytics framework and propositions based on the social informedness theory we propose in this paper to assess communication about UNHCR’s mission. Two variables—refugee-emergency and champion type—relate to the informedness of UNHCR champions’ followers. Based on a Twitter sentiment and attitude corpus, we applied a five-step design science analytics framework involving machine learning and natural language processing to test how the emergency type and champion type impact social communication patterns. Positive and neutral sentiment dominated the tweets of the champions and their followers for most refugee-emergency types. High participation-intensity champions emphasized high-intensity emergencies with tweet patterns reflecting dominant positive or neutral sentiment and sharing/liking attitudes. However, we found that sports figures effects were limited in spreading UNHCR’s message, despite their millions of followers. We demonstrate the power of data science for prosocial policy based on refugee crisis awareness and instantiate our methods and knowledge contributions in a research framework that derives knowledge, decisions, and actions from behavioral, design, and economics of information systems perspectives.
联合国难民事务高级专员公署(难民署)正在推行一项社交媒体战略,向人们通报流离失所人口和难民紧急情况。它正积极与公众人物接触,通过亲社会的沟通提高公众的认识,改善社会信息,并支持其服务中的政策变化。我们研究了难民专员办事处社交媒体冠军的Twitter通信,并调查了他们作为高调影响者的角色。在本研究中,我们基于本文提出的社会信息理论,提供了一个设计科学研究和数据分析框架和命题,以评估有关联合国难民署使命的传播。难民紧急情况和拥护者类型这两个变量与难民署拥护者追随者的知情程度有关。基于Twitter情绪和态度语料库,我们应用了一个涉及机器学习和自然语言处理的五步设计科学分析框架,以测试紧急类型和冠军类型如何影响社会沟通模式。对于大多数难民紧急情况类型,冠军及其追随者的推文主要是积极和中立的情绪。高参与强度的冠军强调高强度的紧急事件,其tweet模式反映了主导的积极或中立情绪和分享/喜欢的态度。然而,我们发现体育人物在传播难民署信息方面的影响有限,尽管他们有数百万的追随者。我们展示了基于难民危机意识的数据科学对亲社会政策的力量,并在一个研究框架中实例化我们的方法和知识贡献,该框架从信息系统的行为、设计和经济学角度获得知识、决策和行动。
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引用次数: 0
Taking the Person Seriously: Ethically Aware IS Research in the Era of Reinforcement Learning-Based Personalization 以人为本:基于强化学习的个性化时代的伦理意识信息系统研究
3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00800
Travis Greene, Galit Shmueli, Soumya Ray
Advances in reinforcement learning and implicit data collection on large-scale commercial platforms mark the beginning of a new era of personalization aimed at the adaptive control of human user environments. We present five emergent features of this new paradigm of personalization that endanger persons and societies at scale and analyze their potential to reduce personal autonomy, destabilize social and political systems, and facilitate mass surveillance and social control, among other concerns. We argue that current data protection laws, most notably the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, are limited in their ability to adequately address many of these issues. Nevertheless, we believe that IS researchers are well-situated to engage with and investigate this new era of personalization. We propose three distinct directions for ethically aware reinforcement learning-based personalization research uniquely suited to the strengths of IS researchers across the sociotechnical spectrum.
大规模商业平台上强化学习和隐式数据收集的进步标志着一个旨在自适应控制人类用户环境的个性化新时代的开始。我们提出了这种新的个性化范式的五个新兴特征,这些特征大规模地危及个人和社会,并分析了它们在减少个人自主权、破坏社会和政治制度稳定、促进大规模监视和社会控制等方面的潜力。我们认为,当前的数据保护法律,尤其是欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》,在充分解决这些问题方面的能力有限。尽管如此,我们相信,IS研究人员有能力参与和研究这个个性化的新时代。我们为基于道德意识的强化学习的个性化研究提出了三个不同的方向,这些方向非常适合整个社会技术领域的信息系统研究人员的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Tragedy, Truth, and Technology: The 3T Theory of Social Media-Driven Misinformation 悲剧,真相和技术:社会媒体驱动的错误信息的3T理论
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00831
Nicholas Roberts, Hamed Qahri-Saremi
False claims and misinformation on social media have substantially increased in the last few years. Some people have incorrectly interpreted such content as the truth, sometimes to the extent that it transforms their view of reality and subsequently leads to actions that cause harm and suffering. Despite the burgeoning body of research on misinformation on social media, we know little about the process by which social media-driven misinformation shapes and reinforces false beliefs that result in detrimental outcomes. Building on insights from dramaturgical tragedy, theories of truth, and research on social media, we develop a process theory that explains how social media-driven misinformation transforms a person’s view of reality in a way that leads to detrimental human action.
在过去几年里,社交媒体上的虚假声明和错误信息大幅增加。有些人错误地将这些内容解释为真理,有时甚至会改变他们对现实的看法,从而导致造成伤害和痛苦的行为。尽管对社交媒体上的错误信息进行了大量研究,但我们对社交媒体驱动的错误信息塑造和强化错误信念的过程知之甚少,这些错误信念导致了有害的结果。基于对戏剧悲剧、真相理论和社交媒体研究的见解,我们发展了一个过程理论,解释了社交媒体驱动的错误信息如何以一种导致有害人类行为的方式改变一个人对现实的看法。
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引用次数: 1
Security is Local: The Influence of the Immediate Workgroup on Information Security 安全是局部的:即时工作组对信息安全的影响
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00812
Dawei (David) Wang, Alexandra Durcikova, A. Dennis
Information security is a multilevel phenomenon with employee security decisions being influenced by macrolevel factors (e.g., organizational policies), mesolevel factors (e.g., one’s immediate workgroup—IW), and microlevel factors (e.g., individual personalities). We argue that an employee’s local IW (i.e., immediate supervisor and coworkers) has a strong effect on security. This paper focuses on the effects of these mesolevel factors in the presence of macro- and microlevel factors. Drawing on the social structure and social learning framework as well as workgroup research, we hypothesize that the security behavior of an employee’s IW supervisor and coworkers moderated by the nature of these relationships influences information security decisions. Our research, based on a sample of 217 full-time employees, reveals that the IW significantly affects security decisions, over and above the micro- and macrolevel factors. These effects are moderated by the nature of the relationship between employees and their IW supervisor (leader-member exchange) and coworkers (team-member exchange). A post hoc analysis shows that the mesolevel factors alone had the same explanatory power as the micro- and macrolevels combined. Our research suggests that future theory and research should include the IW and that organizations should share security responsibilities with line managers and help them understand their substantial impact on information security. Security training programs should ask employees about the behaviors of their IW supervisor and coworkers and, where needed, deliver anti-neutralization training to mitigate the effects of the IW’s noncompliance behaviors.
信息安全是一个多层次的现象,员工的安全决策受到宏观因素(例如,组织政策)、中观因素(例如,一个人的直接工作组)和微观因素(例如,个人个性)的影响。我们认为员工的本地IW(即直接主管和同事)对安全性有很强的影响。本文着重讨论了这些中观因素在宏观和微观因素共同作用下的影响。基于社会结构和社会学习框架以及工作组研究,我们假设员工的信息安全主管和同事的安全行为受到这些关系性质的调节,从而影响信息安全决策。我们的研究基于217名全职员工的样本,揭示了信息库对安全决策的显著影响,超出了微观和宏观层面的因素。这些影响被员工与他们的IW主管(领导-成员交换)和同事(团队-成员交换)之间关系的性质所调节。事后分析表明,中观因素单独具有与微观和宏观水平相结合的相同解释力。我们的研究表明,未来的理论和研究应该包括IW,组织应该与直线经理分享安全责任,并帮助他们了解他们对信息安全的重大影响。安全培训计划应该询问员工他们的IW主管和同事的行为,并在必要时提供反中和培训,以减轻IW不合规行为的影响。
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引用次数: 1
The Vicious Circles of Skill Erosion: A Case Study of Cognitive Automation 技能侵蚀的恶性循环:以认知自动化为例
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00829
Tapani Rinta-Kahila, Esko Penttinen, Antti Salovaara, Wael Soliman, Joona Ruissalo
Cognitive automation powered by advanced intelligent technologies is increasingly enabling organizations to automate more of their knowledge work tasks. Although this often offers higher efficiency and lower costs, cognitive automation exacerbates the erosion of human skill and expertise in automated tasks. Accepting the erosion of obsolete skills is necessary to reap the benefits of technology—however, the erosion of essential human expertise is problematic if workers remain accountable for tasks for which they lack sufficient understanding, rendering them incapable of responding if the automation fails. Though the phenomenon is widely acknowledged, the dynamics behind such undesired skill erosion are poorly understood. Thus, taking the perspective of sociotechnical systems, we conducted a case study of an accounting firm that had experienced skill erosion over a number of years due to reliance on their software’s automated functions. We synthesized our findings using causal loop modeling based on system dynamics. The resulting dynamic model explains skill erosion via an interplay between humans’ automation reliance, complacency, and mindful conduction. It shows how increasing reliance on automation fosters complacency at both individual and organizational levels, weakening workers’ mindfulness across three work task facets (activity awareness, competence maintenance, and output assessment), resulting in skill erosion. Such skill erosion may remain obscure, acknowledged by neither workers nor managers. We conclude by discussing the implications for theory and practice and identifying directions for future research.
由先进智能技术驱动的认知自动化正日益使组织能够自动化更多的知识工作任务。尽管这通常提供更高的效率和更低的成本,但认知自动化加剧了对自动化任务中人类技能和专业知识的侵蚀。接受过时技能的流失对于获得技术的好处是必要的——然而,如果工人仍然对他们缺乏足够理解的任务负责,使他们无法在自动化失败时做出反应,那么人类基本专业知识的流失就是有问题的。尽管这一现象得到了广泛认可,但人们对这种不受欢迎的技能流失背后的动力却知之甚少。因此,从社会技术系统的角度来看,我们对一家会计公司进行了案例研究,该公司由于依赖其软件的自动化功能而经历了多年的技能侵蚀。我们使用基于系统动力学的因果循环模型综合了我们的发现。由此产生的动态模型通过人类对自动化的依赖、自满和正念传导之间的相互作用来解释技能侵蚀。它显示了对自动化的日益依赖如何在个人和组织层面上培养自满情绪,削弱了工人在三个工作任务方面(活动意识、能力维护和产出评估)的专注力,导致技能侵蚀。这种技能流失可能仍然不为人所知,工人和管理者都没有承认。最后,我们讨论了理论和实践的意义,并指出了未来的研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
How Do Paternalistic Leaders Motivate Employees' Information Security Compliance? Building a Climate and Applying Sanctions 家长式领导如何激励员工遵守信息安全?营造氛围和实施制裁
IF 5.8 3区 管理学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.17705/1jais.00794
Jiawen Zhu, G. Feng, Huigang Liang, K. Tsui
This paper examines the underlying mechanisms through which paternalistic leadership (PL) motivates employees’ information systems policy (ISP) compliance. We propose that the three dimensions of PL—authoritarian leadership (AL), benevolent leadership (BL), and moral leadership (ML)—influence employees’ ISP compliance by affecting their perceptions of two information security control mechanisms: sanctions and the information security climate. Based on survey data from 760 participants, we found that the impact of AL is partially mediated by employees’ perceptions of sanctions, the impact of BL is partially mediated by employees’ perceptions of the information security climate, and the impact of ML is partially mediated by employees’ perceptions of both sanctions and the information security climate. Our research extends the existing literature by exploring the impact of specific leadership styles on employees’ perceptions of information security control mechanisms and by proposing that perceptions of information security control mechanisms play a mediating role between PL and ISP compliance. The findings suggest that in addition to choosing effective control mechanisms, it is also important for leaders to adjust their leadership style to ensure that employees perceive control mechanisms in the expected manner.
本文考察了家长式领导(PL)激励员工遵守信息系统政策(ISP)的潜在机制。我们提出,专制领导(AL)、仁慈领导(BL)和道德领导(ML)的三个维度通过影响员工对两种信息安全控制机制(制裁和信息安全气候)的感知来影响员工的ISP合规性。基于760名参与者的调查数据,我们发现员工对制裁的影响部分被员工对制裁的感知所中介,BL的影响部分被员工对信息安全气候的感知所中介,ML的影响部分被员工对制裁和信息安全气候的感知所中介。我们的研究扩展了现有的文献,探索了特定的领导风格对员工对信息安全控制机制的看法的影响,并提出了信息安全控制机制的看法在PL和ISP合规性之间起中介作用。研究结果表明,除了选择有效的控制机制外,领导者还需要调整自己的领导风格,以确保员工以预期的方式感知控制机制。
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引用次数: 3
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Journal of the Association for Information Systems
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