B. Hanberry, S. Edwards, S. Demarais, Jeanne C. Jones
{"title":"Small Mammal Responses to Intensively Established Pine Plantations in Coastal Plain Mississippi","authors":"B. Hanberry, S. Edwards, S. Demarais, Jeanne C. Jones","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A naturally regenerated, even-aged, mixed pine/hardwood, streamside management zone (SMZ) was selectively harvested in May 2006. The 27.8-ha SMZ buffered an intermittent headwater stream draining a 98-ha watershed. The harvest complied with Texas, US best management practices (BMP) by maintaining a minimum SMZ width of 15 m on either side of the channel, retaining a minimum basal area (BA) greater than 11.47 m2 ha-1, and minimizing forest floor and stream channel disturbance. No changes in soil bulk density were measured with only a slight increase in bare soil. No changes in water quality or quantity were detectable after harvest, in part because of dry posttreatment conditions. The Agricultural Environmental/Policy Extender (APEX) model was used to simulate treatment effects under different harvesting and weather conditions. APEX provided reasonable estimates of water yield, sediment, and nutrient losses and was found to be an effective tool for estimating the relative impacts of alternative BMP scenarios. Results indicate that maintaining a minimum BA of 11.47 m2 ha-01 and SMZ width of 15 m on intermittent streams will protect water quality even in wet years and that not retaining any residual BA can result in over 10 times more sediment loss.
{"title":"Stream Water Quality and Quantity Effects from Select Timber Harvesting of a Streamside Management Zone","authors":"Luke Sanders, M. McBroom","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-015","url":null,"abstract":"A naturally regenerated, even-aged, mixed pine/hardwood, streamside management zone (SMZ) was selectively harvested in May 2006. The 27.8-ha SMZ buffered an intermittent headwater stream draining a 98-ha watershed. The harvest complied with Texas, US best management practices (BMP) by maintaining a minimum SMZ width of 15 m on either side of the channel, retaining a minimum basal area (BA) greater than 11.47 m2 ha-1, and minimizing forest floor and stream channel disturbance. No changes in soil bulk density were measured with only a slight increase in bare soil. No changes in water quality or quantity were detectable after harvest, in part because of dry posttreatment conditions. The Agricultural Environmental/Policy Extender (APEX) model was used to simulate treatment effects under different harvesting and weather conditions. APEX provided reasonable estimates of water yield, sediment, and nutrient losses and was found to be an effective tool for estimating the relative impacts of alternative BMP scenarios. Results indicate that maintaining a minimum BA of 11.47 m2 ha-01 and SMZ width of 15 m on intermittent streams will protect water quality even in wet years and that not retaining any residual BA can result in over 10 times more sediment loss.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"45-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Timberland Return Drivers and Timberland Returns and Risks: A Simulation Approach","authors":"B. Mei, M. Clutter, T. G. Harris","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data gathered from intensively and nonintensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were used to model the diameter distributions of stands across the southeastern United States. Weibull scale and shape parameters were predicted using stand density, site index, and stand age as covariates. Including geographic locale (latitude and longitude) of the stand improved the diameter distribution prediction from 1.9 to 16.9% when two common goodnessof-fit-statistics were applied to the models. Cumulative distribution function regression methods performed up to 13% better than a moment-based parameter recovery approach for estimating the parameters of the diameter distribution. The resultant models indicate that for a given set of stand conditions, plantations at northern latitudes exhibit a distribution shifted toward larger diameter classes. Equations predicted that plantations subject to intensive management at eastern latitudes similarly exhibit a distribution shifted toward larger diameter classes; however, nonintensively managed plantations at eastern locales exhibit a reverse trend: diameter distributions were predicted to shift toward smaller diameter classes, with a larger mean diameter predicted to occur at western locales. These results highlight the importance of quantifying differences in management practices and the gain from incorporating regional locale information in predicting loblolly pine growth and yield throughout its natural range.
{"title":"Regional locale and its influence on the prediction of loblolly pine diameter distributions","authors":"M. Russell, H. Burkhart, R. Amateis, S. Prisley","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.10-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.10-030","url":null,"abstract":"Data gathered from intensively and nonintensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations were used to model the diameter distributions of stands across the southeastern United States. Weibull scale and shape parameters were predicted using stand density, site index, and stand age as covariates. Including geographic locale (latitude and longitude) of the stand improved the diameter distribution prediction from 1.9 to 16.9% when two common goodnessof-fit-statistics were applied to the models. Cumulative distribution function regression methods performed up to 13% better than a moment-based parameter recovery approach for estimating the parameters of the diameter distribution. The resultant models indicate that for a given set of stand conditions, plantations at northern latitudes exhibit a distribution shifted toward larger diameter classes. Equations predicted that plantations subject to intensive management at eastern latitudes similarly exhibit a distribution shifted toward larger diameter classes; however, nonintensively managed plantations at eastern locales exhibit a reverse trend: diameter distributions were predicted to shift toward smaller diameter classes, with a larger mean diameter predicted to occur at western locales. These results highlight the importance of quantifying differences in management practices and the gain from incorporating regional locale information in predicting loblolly pine growth and yield throughout its natural range.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"198-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.10-030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) control with imazapyr and glyphosate combined with and without four adjuvants","authors":"C. L. Ramsey, S. Jose, D. Zamora","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"24 1","pages":"204-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leaching Potential with Diammonium Phosphate and Poultry Litter Fertilization of Young Pine Plantations in the Florida Sandhills","authors":"P. Minogue, A. Osiecka, C. Mackowiak, J. Nowak","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"181-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Addington, T. A. Greene, Michele L. Elmore, Catherine E. Prior, Wade C. Harrison
Herbicide site preparation is common in longleaf pine artificial regeneration and restoration to reduce competition and promote seedling establishment. However, few studies have evaluated longer-term influences of herbicide site preparation on ecosystem development and fire management. We report results from a field study on Fort Benning, Georgia, initiated in 2003 to evaluate the response of longleaf pine seedlings, woody plant stem density, herbaceous vegetation cover, species richness, and fine fuels to two herbicide site preparation treatments: imazapyr/glyphosate and hexazinone. Both treatments clearly enhanced longleaf pine seedling growth compared with an untreated control, primarily by reducing hardwood stem densities. By 2009, hardwood stem density was 5 times as high on control plots compared with treated plots. Vegetation composition and structure were otherwise similar, with no differences in shrubs and woody vines, perennial bunch grasses, or species richness on treated versus control plots. Total herbaceous fuels were enhanced by hexazinone in particular, which bodes well for fire management and continued hardwood control. Alternatively, increased woody litter on control plots appeared to modify the fuel bed in ways that may inhibit fire management. Overall, results suggest that treated plots are better poised than control plots for restoration success without additional treatments beyond fire.
{"title":"Influence of Herbicide Site Preparation on Longleaf Pine Ecosystem Development and Fire Management","authors":"R. Addington, T. A. Greene, Michele L. Elmore, Catherine E. Prior, Wade C. Harrison","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-012","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicide site preparation is common in longleaf pine artificial regeneration and restoration to reduce competition and promote seedling establishment. However, few studies have evaluated longer-term influences of herbicide site preparation on ecosystem development and fire management. We report results from a field study on Fort Benning, Georgia, initiated in 2003 to evaluate the response of longleaf pine seedlings, woody plant stem density, herbaceous vegetation cover, species richness, and fine fuels to two herbicide site preparation treatments: imazapyr/glyphosate and hexazinone. Both treatments clearly enhanced longleaf pine seedling growth compared with an untreated control, primarily by reducing hardwood stem densities. By 2009, hardwood stem density was 5 times as high on control plots compared with treated plots. Vegetation composition and structure were otherwise similar, with no differences in shrubs and woody vines, perennial bunch grasses, or species richness on treated versus control plots. Total herbaceous fuels were enhanced by hexazinone in particular, which bodes well for fire management and continued hardwood control. Alternatively, increased woody litter on control plots appeared to modify the fuel bed in ways that may inhibit fire management. Overall, results suggest that treated plots are better poised than control plots for restoration success without additional treatments beyond fire.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"173-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Five Erosion Control Techniques for Bladed Skid Trails in Virginia","authors":"C. R. Wade, M. Bolding, W. M. Aust, W. Lakel","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tree mortality is an important biological process and should be incorporated in forest growth simulation models to improve their accuracy and biological authenticity. We developed individual tree mortality models for slash pine using data from north central Florida. We first fit mortality models with only fixed effects using a logistic model and then added a random effect to account for the multilevel nature of the data. We used a generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) framework to compare the outcomes of the two fitting processes. Predictions from both models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Area under the ROC curve was higher for predictions from the GLMM compared with the fixed effects logistic model. Subject-specific responses (including plot-level random effects in the model of individual trees) from the GLMM were better at predicting mortality. Similar results were obtained after performing a cross-validation of the models. Although the fixed effects accounted for regular mortality because of suppression and competition for resources, the plot-level random effect accounted for the effects of other unmeasured plot-level variables. In our models, dbh, height, competition, site index, and basal area per hectare were significant predictors.
{"title":"Individual Tree Mortality Model for Slash Pine in Florida: A Mixed Modeling Approach","authors":"N. Timilsina, C. Staudhammer","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-026","url":null,"abstract":"Tree mortality is an important biological process and should be incorporated in forest growth simulation models to improve their accuracy and biological authenticity. We developed individual tree mortality models for slash pine using data from north central Florida. We first fit mortality models with only fixed effects using a logistic model and then added a random effect to account for the multilevel nature of the data. We used a generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) framework to compare the outcomes of the two fitting processes. Predictions from both models were evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Area under the ROC curve was higher for predictions from the GLMM compared with the fixed effects logistic model. Subject-specific responses (including plot-level random effects in the model of individual trees) from the GLMM were better at predicting mortality. Similar results were obtained after performing a cross-validation of the models. Although the fixed effects accounted for regular mortality because of suppression and competition for resources, the plot-level random effect accounted for the effects of other unmeasured plot-level variables. In our models, dbh, height, competition, site index, and basal area per hectare were significant predictors.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Toomer's Oaks tragedy and the importance of cultural environmental services.","authors":"D. Laband, W. Morse, S. Enebak, A. Chappelka","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"36 1","pages":"220-222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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