E. Schultz, J. Iles, T. Matney, A. Ezell, J. S. Meadows, T. Leininger
Red oak (Quercus section Lobatae)–sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) forest mixtures in the southeastern United States are important to wildlife habitat, water quality, and the production of grade hardwood for furniture, flooring, veneer, and other products (Banzhaf 2009). Cherrybark (Quercus pagoda Raf.), Shumard (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), and Nuttall (Quercus texana Buckl.) oaks are three of the forest’s most highly desired and valued grade hardwood species. The red oak–sweetgum complex is the most widely distributed of the high value timber forests in the state of Mississippi, and models that describe growth and yield, log grade, and stand development are essential to its management and sustainability. A majority of Southern pine growth and yield research has fo
{"title":"Stand-level growth and yield component models for red oak-sweetgum forests on Mid-South minor stream bottoms","authors":"E. Schultz, J. Iles, T. Matney, A. Ezell, J. S. Meadows, T. Leininger","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.4.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.161","url":null,"abstract":"Red oak (Quercus section Lobatae)–sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) forest mixtures in the southeastern United States are important to wildlife habitat, water quality, and the production of grade hardwood for furniture, flooring, veneer, and other products (Banzhaf 2009). Cherrybark (Quercus pagoda Raf.), Shumard (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), and Nuttall (Quercus texana Buckl.) oaks are three of the forest’s most highly desired and valued grade hardwood species. The red oak–sweetgum complex is the most widely distributed of the high value timber forests in the state of Mississippi, and models that describe growth and yield, log grade, and stand development are essential to its management and sustainability. A majority of Southern pine growth and yield research has fo","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"161-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conversion of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) to agricultural land has caused a loss of ecosystem services. The primary approaches to reverse this have been the Wetlands Reserve Program and the Conservation Reserve Program, which provide financial incentives to landowners to reforest. However, other forest production regimes and forestry financing mechanisms will be necessary to meet reforestation goals. Using capital budgeting techniques, we estimated financial returns from eight agroforestry and seven forestry systems to compare to returns from agriculture on marginal and average lands in the LMAV, as an indicator for potential adoption. In all but a few cases, agriculture had higher returns than agroforestry and forestry, even on marginal lands, and this is especially true when considering federal agricultural payments. We then estimated the break-even carbon net revenue per metric ton that would create a large enough financial incentive to favor forestry or agroforestry systems over agriculture. Given prospective moderate prices from carbon credits from afforestation and reforestation activities and high costs for implementing those activities, a few forestry and agroforestry systems might have potential on marginal agricultural land in the LMAV, subject to requirements such as providing evidence that reforestation would not have taken place without carbon payments. Regimes that maintain a large carbon stock on site by avoiding clearcutting performed better under carbon markets.
{"title":"Economic potential of agroforestry and forestry in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley with incentive programs and carbon payments.","authors":"G. Frey, D. Mercer, F. Cubbage, R. Abt","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.4.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.176","url":null,"abstract":"Conversion of bottomland hardwood forests in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) to agricultural land has caused a loss of ecosystem services. The primary approaches to reverse this have been the Wetlands Reserve Program and the Conservation Reserve Program, which provide financial incentives to landowners to reforest. However, other forest production regimes and forestry financing mechanisms will be necessary to meet reforestation goals. Using capital budgeting techniques, we estimated financial returns from eight agroforestry and seven forestry systems to compare to returns from agriculture on marginal and average lands in the LMAV, as an indicator for potential adoption. In all but a few cases, agriculture had higher returns than agroforestry and forestry, even on marginal lands, and this is especially true when considering federal agricultural payments. We then estimated the break-even carbon net revenue per metric ton that would create a large enough financial incentive to favor forestry or agroforestry systems over agriculture. Given prospective moderate prices from carbon credits from afforestation and reforestation activities and high costs for implementing those activities, a few forestry and agroforestry systems might have potential on marginal agricultural land in the LMAV, subject to requirements such as providing evidence that reforestation would not have taken place without carbon payments. Regimes that maintain a large carbon stock on site by avoiding clearcutting performed better under carbon markets.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"176-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of the geometric and arithmetic means for estimating tree crown diameter and crown cross-sectional area were examined for trees with crown width measurements taken at the widest point of the crown and perpendicular to the widest point of the crown. The average difference between the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 0.2 ft in absolute value. The mean difference between crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 6.0 ft 2 in absolute value. At the plot level, the average difference between cumulative crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters amounted to less than 2.5% of the total plot area. The practical significance of these differences will depend on the final application in which the mean crown diameters are used.
{"title":"Comparison of the Arithmetic and Geometric Means in Estimating Crown Diameter and Crown Cross-Sectional Area","authors":"K. Randolph","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.4.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.186","url":null,"abstract":"The use of the geometric and arithmetic means for estimating tree crown diameter and crown cross-sectional area were examined for trees with crown width measurements taken at the widest point of the crown and perpendicular to the widest point of the crown. The average difference between the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 0.2 ft in absolute value. The mean difference between crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters was less than 6.0 ft 2 in absolute value. At the plot level, the average difference between cumulative crown cross-sectional areas based on the geometric and arithmetic mean crown diameters amounted to less than 2.5% of the total plot area. The practical significance of these differences will depend on the final application in which the mean crown diameters are used.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"186-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leaf Area of Overstory and Understory in Pine Plantations in the Flatwoods","authors":"A. Peduzzi, H. L. Allen, R. Wynne","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.4.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"154-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61302025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. B. Lynch, R. Will, T. C. Hennessey, R. Heinemann, R. Holeman
{"title":"Relationships among diameter at breast height and loblolly pine attributes from local and nonlocal seed sources near the western edge of the natural range of loblolly pine.","authors":"T. B. Lynch, R. Will, T. C. Hennessey, R. Heinemann, R. Holeman","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.4.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"149-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.4.149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual forest inventories present special challenges and opportunities for those analyzing the data arising from them. Here, we address one question currently being asked by analysts of the US Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s quickly accumulating annual inventory data. The question is simple but profound: When combining the next year’s data for a particular variable with data from previous years, how does one know whether the same model as used in the past for this purpose continues to be applicable? Of the myriad approaches that have been developed for changepoint detection and anomaly detection, this report focuses on a simple quality-control approach known as a control chart that will allow analysts of annual forest inventory data to determine when a departure from a past trend is likely to have occurred.
{"title":"Anomaly detection for analysis of annual inventory data: a quality control approach","authors":"Francis A. Roesch, P. Deusen","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.3.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.131","url":null,"abstract":"Annual forest inventories present special challenges and opportunities for those analyzing the data arising from them. Here, we address one question currently being asked by analysts of the US Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis Program’s quickly accumulating annual inventory data. The question is simple but profound: When combining the next year’s data for a particular variable with data from previous years, how does one know whether the same model as used in the past for this purpose continues to be applicable? Of the myriad approaches that have been developed for changepoint detection and anomaly detection, this report focuses on a simple quality-control approach known as a control chart that will allow analysts of annual forest inventory data to determine when a departure from a past trend is likely to have occurred.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"131-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pine decline is an emerging forest health issue in the southeastern United States. Observations suggest pine decline is caused by environmental stress arising from competition, weather, insects and fungi, anthropogenic disturbances, and previous management. The problem is most severe for loblolly pine on sites that historically supported longleaf pine, are highly eroded, or are not managed. The purposes of this technical note are (1) to describe the symptomology and extent of pine decline in the southeastern United States; (2) to describe its connection with root disease, resource stress, and silviculture; and (3) to summarize the consensus opinion of scientists and land managers during a workshop sponsored by the US Army Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program regarding the scope of this syndrome and the best research avenues to counter its potential effect on the sustainability of southern pine forests.
{"title":"State of pine decline in the southeastern United States","authors":"L. Eckhardt, M. S. Sayer, D. Imm","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.3.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.138","url":null,"abstract":"Pine decline is an emerging forest health issue in the southeastern United States. Observations suggest pine decline is caused by environmental stress arising from competition, weather, insects and fungi, anthropogenic disturbances, and previous management. The problem is most severe for loblolly pine on sites that historically supported longleaf pine, are highly eroded, or are not managed. The purposes of this technical note are (1) to describe the symptomology and extent of pine decline in the southeastern United States; (2) to describe its connection with root disease, resource stress, and silviculture; and (3) to summarize the consensus opinion of scientists and land managers during a workshop sponsored by the US Army Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program regarding the scope of this syndrome and the best research avenues to counter its potential effect on the sustainability of southern pine forests.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forest Landowner Participation in State-Administered Southern Pine Beetle Prevention Cost-Share Programs","authors":"F. Rossi, D. Carter, J. Alavalapati, J. Nowak","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.3.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"110-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a modified multinomial logit approach is used to examine the determinants of timberland by ownership class using county level data in Georgia from 1972 to 2000. We model timberland use by private industry ownership and nonindustrial private forestland ownership, in addition to agriculture, urban uses, and other land uses. Urbanization and other socioeconomic variables have different levels of influence on timberland ownership classes, private forest industry, and nonindustrial private forestland owners. The findings may have implications for land use modeling and projections.
{"title":"Urbanization Effects on Timberland by Ownership Class: A Modified Multinomial Logit Analysis","authors":"R. V. Nagubadi, Daowei Zhang","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a modified multinomial logit approach is used to examine the determinants of timberland by ownership class using county level data in Georgia from 1972 to 2000. We model timberland use by private industry ownership and nonindustrial private forestland ownership, in addition to agriculture, urban uses, and other land uses. Urbanization and other socioeconomic variables have different levels of influence on timberland ownership classes, private forest industry, and nonindustrial private forestland owners. The findings may have implications for land use modeling and projections.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Species-specific equations to predict uncompacted crown ratio (UNCR) from compacted live crown ratio (CCR), tree length, and stem diameter were developed for 24 species and 12 genera in the southern United States. Using data from the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program, nonlinear regression was used to model UNCR with a logistic function. Model performance was evaluated with standard fit statistics (root mean squared error, mean absolute error, mean error, and model efficiency) and by comparing the results of using the observed and predicted UNCR values in secondary applications. Root mean squared error for the regression models ranged from 0.062 to 0.176 UNCR and averaged 0.114 UNCR across all models. Height to live crown base calculations and crown width estimations based on the observed and predicted UNCR values were in dose agreement. Overall, the models performed well for the Pinus and Taxodium genera and several individual hardwood species; however, model performance was generally poar for the Acer, Quercus, and (arya genera.
{"title":"Equations relating compacted and uncompacted live crown ratio for common tree species in the South","authors":"K. Randolph","doi":"10.1093/SJAF/34.3.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.118","url":null,"abstract":"Species-specific equations to predict uncompacted crown ratio (UNCR) from compacted live crown ratio (CCR), tree length, and stem diameter were developed for 24 species and 12 genera in the southern United States. Using data from the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program, nonlinear regression was used to model UNCR with a logistic function. Model performance was evaluated with standard fit statistics (root mean squared error, mean absolute error, mean error, and model efficiency) and by comparing the results of using the observed and predicted UNCR values in secondary applications. Root mean squared error for the regression models ranged from 0.062 to 0.176 UNCR and averaged 0.114 UNCR across all models. Height to live crown base calculations and crown width estimations based on the observed and predicted UNCR values were in dose agreement. Overall, the models performed well for the Pinus and Taxodium genera and several individual hardwood species; however, model performance was generally poar for the Acer, Quercus, and (arya genera.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"34 1","pages":"118-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1093/SJAF/34.3.118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61301568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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