Stress and Health最新文献

Depression has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents, posing significant challenges for mental health professionals. While most studies on depression adopt a cross-sectional perspective or a variable-centred approach, these methods often fail to illuminate the developmental trajectories of depression in individuals. We employed Latent Profile Transition Analysis (LPTA), a person-centred approach, to analyse longitudinal data from a large adolescent sample (N = 978; M_age = 16.26, SD = 0.89; 52.2% females). This study aimed to identify distinct subgroups of depression and observe transitions between these groups over time, considering stress, anxiety, and rumination as covariates to predict these transitions and aid in the development of targeted interventions. We identified three distinct subgroups: 'low/no depression', 'moderate depression', and 'high depression'. Individuals in the low/no depression and moderate depression groups displayed a predominant tendency toward stability rather than change. Conversely, individuals in the high depression group showed a high probability of transitioning to the moderate depression group. Stress, rumination, and anxiety were significant predictors of transitions into more severe depressive groups. Notably, the predictive power of rumination diminished over time. This study relied solely on self-reported measures, which may introduce response bias. This study reveals dynamic trajectories of depression among adolescents using a person-centred approach, emphasising the importance of closely monitoring those in the moderate depression subgroup. Stress, anxiety, and rumination emerged as crucial predictors of transitions in depression severity, underscoring the need for targeted early interventions.

This study explored the structure and temporal evolution of the relationship among depression, maladaptive cognition, and internet addiction (DMI) among university students by focusing on topological and dynamic properties in a network analysis. A 3-year longitudinal survey was conducted with 873 university students (M_age = 18.32, SD = 0.74). The results of network analysis showed "compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms" as part of internet addiction and "depressive emotions" as part of depression were the core characteristics in the DMI relational structure. Additionally, "compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms" was most pronounced for freshmen, whereas "depressive emotions" were most pronounced for sophomores and juniors. These findings suggest that interventions addressing DMI among university students should not only focus on the key aspects of "compulsive internet use and withdrawal symptoms" and "depressive emotions," but also consider differences between students at different years of study.

The study objective was to investigate geographical variation of uncertainty stress and life stress among university students in China. Respondents comprised 11,954 students from 50 universities and 31 provinces in China's mainland. Respondents completed the extended version of Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) on Tobacco Control in China, which added additional health, mental stress, and behavioural items on original version, and regional variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were used in the logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of high uncertainty stress was 19.60% (95% CI: 15.90%, 23.30%), while the prevalence of life stress was 8.60% (95% CI: 7.20%, 10.70%). The prevalence rates varied significantly across the 31 provinces. The random parameters for uncertainty stress and life stress were statistically significant at the 0.01 level, with values of 0.2593 and 0.3971, respectively. The geographical distribution revealed two high uncertainty stress zones between the east coast and the middle area, as well as in the west area from south to north. High life stress, on the other hand, was concentrated in the central area. Multilevel logistic regression showed province level per capita disposal income of households partly contributed to uncertainty stress (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.94) and life stress (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.89). These findings underscore the importance of environmental contribution to mental stress among university students. Given that college students' mental stress is high, there is a need for environmental measurements to prevent and address multiple perceived stress in students.

By employing the cognitive-behavioural model and self-control theory, the present study investigated the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Although numerous cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between depression and generalised pathological Internet use (GPIU), debates persist regarding the longitudinal effects of depression on GPIU. Moreover, little is known regarding the longitudinal mechanisms underlying this association. A total of 912 university students with an average age of 18.36 years (standard deviation = 0.82 years) at the time of the first survey participated in the study. They completed four assessments spaced 6 months apart over a 2-year period. The results indicate that (i) depression can predict GPIU over time; (ii) depression can predict GPIU through the mediating effects of perceived social support, maladaptive cognitions, and self-control over time respectively; and (iii) depression can predict GPIU through sequential mediating effects of perceived social support to self-control over time. Additionally, the associations among studied variables were more suitable for male, urban registered residence, and low family income students. These results have implications for interventions targeting GPIU.

College students use substances for varied reasons, including to cope with stress. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) regulates bodily functions to promote energy conservation (the 'rest and digest' response), and individuals differ in their physiological sensitivity to challenge. It remains unclear whether greater PNS responses (i.e., declines in PNS activity, termed vagal withdrawal) to challenge could suggest difficulty regulating and thereby confer risk for using substances in community samples. We hypothesised that lower resting PNS activity and greater PNS responses to a challenge task would be associated with more frequent substance use (i.e., alcohol use, binge drinking, cannabis use). College students (N = 152; Mage = 20.5, SD = 3.2; 73.8% female) reported their past month frequency of substance use and completed a laboratory-based challenge task while having an electrocardiogram administered to derive respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of PNS activity. They watched a 4-min neutral video (resting baseline) and then traced a star with their nondominant hand while only seeing the mirror reflection of their hand (challenge). Higher resting RSA was related to more frequent cannabis use. Individuals with larger declines in RSA from the video to the task (i.e., greater PNS responses) tended to use each substance more frequently. RSA recovery from the task was not related to substance use. Taken together, college students who are more physiologically responsive to challenge may use substances more frequently, potentially as a means of coping. Biofeedback interventions can be investigated for reducing college students' substance use risk.

Quality sleep is among the most important determinants of psychological and physical well-being. Insufficient sleep quality and quantity directly affect individuals; in turn, they indirectly affect the productivity, viability and safety of workplaces. Sleep issues also represent a global health concern for people and workplaces around the world. In addition to pharmaceutical aids, effective and accessible interventions need to address the underlying problems, as might be achieved by behavioural therapies or structured, cognitive interventions like mindfulness-based programs. The time intensity and relatively high costs of such tactics has limited their widespread adoption though. With a sample of 606 full-time working adults, the current study tests the potential effectiveness of a short, inexpensive, app-based, self-help mindfulness meditation programme for promoting sleep quality and quantity. Using a longitudinal randomised experimental design, the authors compared the utility of a 10-day mindfulness programme with a passive control group, as well as with an active control group that engaged in 10 days of mind-wandering exercises. Sleep benefits emerged immediately after the 10-day intervention but seemingly wore off about three months later. Acknowledging the interactions between sleep, depression and anxiety, we also measured the two latter variables. We also find that the intervention was effective on depression, but not on anxiety. These insights offer implications for both research and practice.

COVID-19 has resulted in enormous labour consequences for persons with disabilities, resulting in worries about their economic futures. While limited research assesses these worries in the general population, research to date has not examined employment-related worries for veterans with disabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess if veteran status results in elevated employment-related worries among persons with disabilities. Data from 219 employed persons with disabilities was extracted from a larger dataset of 269 persons with disabilities and chronic conditions. Respondents were asked to provide information on their demographic background (including veteran status) and respond to questions about their worries about job loss, COVID-19-related concerns, perceived COVID-19 stress, and functional limitations. After controlling for the explained variance presented by demographic variables, perceived COVID-19 stress, and functional limitations, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed veteran status was significantly and positively related to worry about job loss. In the context of COVID-19, veterans with disabilities face elevated worries about job loss compared to the general population of disabled persons. Future research needs to examine the reasons for this high level of worry to create veteran-informed interventions.

Among transitional societies, the impact of rapid and widespread intragenerational social mobilities on stress remains understudied. This empirical research explores the intricate relationship between various social mobility trajectories and perceived stress within the dynamic context of contemporary China. Drawing upon data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey spanning from 1991 to 2015, this study advances beyond conventional methodologies that typically categorise social mobility as either upward or downward. It employs the Growth Mixture Model to discern six latent mobility trajectories: 'Fall into Poverty', 'Rise from Rags', 'Middle Class', 'Fall from Grace', 'Upper Middle Class' and 'Elite.' The resulting findings then reveal the diverse impacts of these distinct mobility trajectories on perceived stress, emphasising gender-specific patterns. Among men, those categorised as 'Elite' and 'Fall from Grace' report lower perceived stress levels in comparison to the middle-class reference group, while individuals in the 'Fall into Poverty' category exhibit the highest stress levels. Conversely, for women, the 'Upper Middle Class' and 'Elite' categories are associated with lower stress levels, with 'Upper Middle Class' women experiencing the least stress. The findings unveiled in this study shed light on the multifaceted nature of social mobility and its consequences for stress within a rapidly changing society. These insights hold significant implications for public health interventions, underscoring the necessity of a more nuanced theoretical framework for understanding the stress experiences of Chinese residents amidst societal transformation.

This study aimed to identify profiles of cognitive emotion regulation strategies and to examine the association between emotion regulation profiles and depressive symptoms using a sample of healthcare workers under the impact of COVID-19. A total of 3477 Chinese healthcare workers participated in the online survey. Latent profile analysis was used to identify cognitive regulation patterns using nine strategies. Depressive symptoms were compared among cognitive regulation patterns. The results yielded three cognitive emotion regulation patterns: regulators with low controllability of emotions and events (RLCEE, 65.5%), regulators with high controllability of emotions and events (RHCEE, 33.0%) and high regulators (HR, 5.4%). The HRs reported the highest level of depression symptoms, followed by the RHCEEs and RLCEEs. The results illustrated a significant association between depressive symptoms and emotion regulation profiles in healthcare workers under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Considering the increasing number of families with pets, this study intended to develop and validate the Work-Conflict and Enrichment [Pet] Family Scale (WCEPFS). This instrument aims to measure three dimensions of the work-[pet]family boundaries: work-[pet]-family conflict and enrichment. The research methodology comprised five systematic scale development processes. First, a literature review and 22 interviews were conducted to generate conceptual understanding and content about both work-[pet]family conflict and enrichment. Then the initial items were developed and verified through a Delphi survey and a pilot study (N = 113) that led to the final pool of 10 items. Four additional studies were conducted to test the scale's factor structure, reliability and validity. Overall, the confirmatory factor analyses and reliability tests demonstrated that the 10-item scale performed well regarding its 3-factor structure and was a reliable measure to evaluate work-[pet]-family boundaries. Moreover, the results also showed that the scale was significantly related to measures of work-family conflict and enrichment, mental health, well-being, and work engagement at the within-person level. Lastly, the 2-week test-retest reliability results showed a good reliability of the scale. This study develops and validates a measure that is essential for studies focused on work-[pet]family boundaries. As work and family structures continue to evolve, understanding work-[pet]family dynamics is essential for addressing emerging challenges in work-life balance, employee well-being, and the development of inclusive organisational policies.