Stress and Health最新文献

Mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and mental health disorders, are at risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to exposure to trauma related to their children's upbringing. Additionally, research suggests that these mothers may develop affiliate stigma, meaning they internalise the stigmatisation associated with their children, which may further heighten their vulnerability to trauma. However, this supposition has not yet been tested. Bridging this knowledge gap, this cross-sectional study explored the role of affiliate stigma in the relationship between the number of traumatic events and PTSS in mothers of children with autism and mental health disorders. An online survey was conducted among Israeli mothers using self-report measures. The sample consisted of 1448 mothers: 208 mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders, and 1240 mothers of children without disabilities. Results indicated that mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders were exposed to a greater number of traumatic events and exhibited elevated PTSS compared to mothers of children without disabilities. Affiliate stigma was associated with PTSS and moderated the relationship between the number of traumatic events and intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms: although the number of traumatic events explained increased intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms, this effect was stronger under conditions of high affiliate stigma. The present results suggest that mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders who internalise stigmatisation regarding their children may be particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic distress. Therefore, clinical interventions targeting affiliate stigma may be imperative for this population.

Hsp70 and Hsp90, members of the heat shock protein family known for their cell-protective effects against stress at the molecular level. This study aims to compare the Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and the healthy controls and to investigate the relation between Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels and the clinical parameters. The study group consisted of children and adolescents aged 8-18 who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with anxiety disorders and a healthy control group of similar age and gender. The Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, Children's Depression Inventory, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale were used. Venous blood samples were collected from the participants, and serum Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels were measured using the ELISA method. Serum levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 were significantly lower in children and adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls (Hsp70: p = 0.019; Hsp90: p = 0.043). While no significant correlation was found between Hsp levels and disease severity, exposure to early-life stress (ELS) was associated with a significant increase in Hsp70 levels overall (p = 0.005). However, among participants exposed to ELS, those in the anxiety disorder group exhibited a markedly smaller increase in Hsp70 compared to controls with ELS exposure, suggesting a possible dysregulation of the cellular stress response in this clinical population. The results of our study indicate that psychological stress in anxiety disorders may be linked to changes in cellular stress-related mechanisms. The reduction in serum levels of heat shock proteins, which help maintain cellular stability under stress, may contribute to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. However, further studies using additional cellular and molecular markers are warranted to validate these findings.

While the positive effects of micro-breaks within the organizational context are well documented, their impact in the family domain remains underexplored. Drawing upon conservation of resources theory and the work-home resource model, this paper presents two experience sampling studies examining the spillover effects of daily micro-breaks on employees' family role performance the same evening. Study 1 (N _{Level 1} = 490, N _{Level 2} = 98) demonstrated that daily micro-breaks are positively related to same-evening family role performance. Specifically, micro-breaks were linked to enhanced family role performance through serial mediation by daily work vitality and work-to-family enrichment. Moreover, the cross-level positive moderating effect of perceived health climate was partially supported. Study 2 (N _{Level 1} = 907, N _{Level 2} = 103) replicated and extended Study 1 by examining the mediated moderation effect of perceived health climate via micro-break autonomy. Perceived health climate was positively related to micro-break autonomy, which moderated the relationship between daily micro-breaks and daily work vitality. Furthermore, micro-break autonomy mediated the moderating effect of perceived health climate on the link between daily micro-breaks and daily work vitality. Our findings provide actionable insights for managers on how to unlock the potential of micro-breaks.

The war in the former Yugoslavia had a profound impact on millions of civilians, leaving long-lasting psychological consequences. This study aimed to examine stress sensitivity and variability in the daily lives of survivors using a longitudinal design. First-generation survivors (G1; n = 79), second-generation survivors born after the war (G2; n = 28), and a non-war-exposed control group (n = 60) participated. The baseline assessment included measures of stress- and trauma-related symptoms, life satisfaction, and coping mechanisms. Daily perceived stress was then monitored over 21 consecutive days using the experience sampling method. Although there were no group differences in baseline measures or mean daily stress levels, variability in daily stress showed distinct generational patterns. G1 exhibited lower variability compared to both controls and G2, which showed the highest variability. Variability was significantly associated with trauma-related symptoms, dysfunctional coping, and life satisfaction. This study showed that the lasting psychological consequences of the war in the former Yugoslavia may not be reflected in elevated daily stress levels or baseline psychopathology but rather may be subtly expressed through altered perceptions and sensitivity to daily stress, even decades after the war. These findings provide novel support for the latent vulnerability hypothesis.

Individuals with chronic conditions are at increased risk of developing depressive symptomatology. While the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of mental health problems in the general population, there remains a gap in understanding the association between chronic conditions and depressive symptoms throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Using data from MAP-19: A representative study of the Norwegian population during the COVID-19 pandemic, longitudinal design with nine measurements was implemented to follow 2564 individuals over the 2-year period using Generalised Estimating Equations (M age = 39 years, SD = 13.8; 77% females, 23% males). Individuals with chronic conditions exhibited a differing trajectory of depressive symptomatology compared to those without throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, when controlling for shared socioeconomic status and psychosocial risk factors. We found a significant main effect of time β = -0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) [-0.235-0.0832] indicating a decrease in depressive symptomatology for controls and a significant interaction effect between group and time β = 0.22, CI [ 0.115-0.331], indicating an increase in depressive symptoms for individuals with chronic conditions (β = -0.16 + β = 0.22 = 0.04). Moreover, individuals with chronic conditions were more likely to seek mental health treatment from a professional (doctor, psychiatrist, clinical psychologist) compared to those without a chronic condition (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.20, 1.75]). Individuals with chronic conditions exhibited increasing levels of depressive symptomatology across 2 years of the pandemic, highlighting the need for routine screening for depressive symptomatology in individuals with chronic conditions in primary care.

Emotional integration involves ways of responding to one's emotions: receptive attention (i.e., open and nonjudgmental attention to emotions) and intentional exploration (i.e., active and motivated pursuit of one's own emotions. Across two studies (Study 1: two waves longitudinal, N = 239; Study 2: daily diary, N = 132), we compared these two dimensions of integrative emotion regulation (i.e. receptive attention and intentional exploration) in adaptive and maladaptive coping styles (i.e., specific strategies to shape one's response to stress) and daily well-being. In Study 1, both forms of integrative emotion regulation were positively associated with adaptive coping (e.g., the use of active coping, acceptance, planning, and positive reframing) 1 month later, but only intentional exploration (and not receptive attention) showed benefits for well-being in a 7-day daily diary context (Study 2). Intentional exploration was negatively associated with perceived daily stress and positively associated with constructive self-reflection, a marker of productive processing of emotions, and daily day satisfaction. In all, both forms of emotion regulation promote adaptive coping, but intentional exploration showed more consistent benefits across our studies. This research highlights the independent importance of motivated pursuit of emotional information in the coping process.

Daily life is full of stressful events, but previous studies have inconsistent findings on how stress predicts daily activities. This study explored the relationship between perceived stress, activity choice, and happiness and meaning through an experience sampling method. Over 10 days, 205 participants reported their perceptions of momentary demands, resources, happiness, meaning, and activities four times a day, totaling 7362 observations. Stress was operationalised using both perceived demands and the ratio of demands to resources. Multilevel modelling showed that both concurrent demands and the demands-to-resources ratio were positively associated with meaning-increasing activities (e.g., working and studying) and negatively associated with activities that promote both happiness and meaning (e.g., eating and shopping). The ratio also predicted greater engagement in meditation, which also increases both happiness and meaning. Additionally, higher prior demands predicted reduced physical activity-an activity linked to increased happiness and meaning. These findings revealed behavioural tendencies and motivations under stress and offered implications for stress management in daily life.

Stress-related chronic exhaustion can be predicted longitudinally by reduced basic vagal tone (i.e., vagally-mediated heart rate variability [vmHRV]). However, little is known about the relationship between phasic vmHRV and momentary exhaustion in daily life. To examine this relationship, this preregistered study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in a sample of N = 151 healthy participants (age = 22.17 years [SD = 4.98 years]; 14.57% male) for three consecutive weekdays. Exploratorily, we examined if individuals with higher chronic exhaustion would show different patterns of phasic vmHRV when perceiving acute stress. We analysed data on momentary (emotional, cognitive, physical) exhaustion, perceived acute stress, ambulatory ECG data and adjusted for relevant covariates (e.g., age, gender, and momentary movement acceleration) using multi-level analyses. After adjusting for preregistered covariates, phasic vmHRV showed a positive association with momentary emotional and cognitive exhaustion, but not with momentary physical exhaustion. Our exploratory analyses revealed that individuals with higher levels of chronic exhaustion did not show the expected negative association between situationally perceived acute stress and phasic vmHRV, whereas those with lover levels did. These findings indicate that momentary exhaustion is associated with increased phasic vmHRV in daily life. Combined with our exploratory results that chronic exhaustion modulates vagal withdrawal under perceived acute stress, this study offers important directions for future research into the link between stress-related exhaustion and autonomic changes. Study Registration: The study and analysis plan were preregistered at OSF (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/T2C4X).

Research has shown that individuals' stress mindset-the belief that stress is enhancing or debilitating-can be altered through interventions. However, there is still a lack of findings regarding the dynamic fluctuations of stress mindset and its interplays with psychological outcomes in natural settings. Moreover, few studies have examined the distinct roles of positive and negative stress mindset. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of positive and negative stress mindset in daily life, as well as its reciprocal effects with affective well-being and psychological distress. A total of 365 college students completed the assessment of positive and negative stress mindset, affective well-being (i.e., positive affect and negative affect), and psychological distress for seven consecutive days (five assessments per day). We examined the dynamic characteristics of the internal system of positive and negative stress mindset, as well as their external interactions with affective well-being (i.e., positive affect and negative affect), and psychological distress. Results showed that stress mindset exhibited substantial dynamic fluctuations and individual differences. Both positive and negative stress mindset had significant inertia within a day, and negative stress mindset negatively predicted subsequent positive stress mindset. In addition, there was a self-perpetuating cycle between negative stress mindset and negative affective experiences, whereas positive stress mindset was unidirectionally impaired by psychological distress. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of stress mindset, pinpointing the susceptibility of positive stress mindset to daily negative influences, as such call for targeted interventions on protecting and cultivating a positive view of stress.

There are limited opportunities to study physiological and psychological factors that predict success in real world high stress environments where individuals must engage in controlled aggressive behaviour. All cadets attending the United States Military Academy must take a combatives course where they are taught to compete in hand-to-hand combat with peers and graded on performance. This study assessed, in this highly competitive environment, the physiological, psychological, and academic predictors of success in the course's final exam, a final hand-to-hand combat match. Male (n = 109) and female (n = 23) cadets completed self-report assessments of resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; CD-RISC), mental toughness (Mental Toughness Questionnaire; MTQ-10), and aggression (Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire; BPAQ) upon enrolment in Combatives. Immediately preceding the final match, cadets provided saliva samples and completed mood state (Profile of Mood States; POMS), self-confidence and competitive state anxiety (Competitive State Anxiety Inventory; CSAI-2) questionnaires. Cortisol, testosterone, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) in saliva were assessed. Instructors provided match outcome, win versus loss, and each cadet's grade point averages (GPA; academic, military, and physical). Logistic regression analyses determined if physiological, psychological, or academic variables predicted match outcome. Sex, time of day, prior combatives experience, and midterm combatives performance were included as covariates. Greater self-confidence (OR [95% CI]; 1.13 [1.03, 1.25]) and a better physical GPA (4.51 [1.52, 13.42]) were associated with increased odds of winning the final match, with an overall classification accuracy of 68.9% and explained 31% of the variance in match outcome. Greater cognitive anxiety independently decreased the odds of winning (0.93 [0.87, 0.99]), but not when combined with self-confidence and physical GPA. No other factors significantly impacted odds of winning. Self-confidence and physical performance are key contributors to success in hand-to-hand combat and may mediate the influence of anxiety on performance.