Stress and Health最新文献

Human hair cortisol concentration (HCC) has previously been found to be highly stable for a 1-year interval (r = 0.73) in terms of a product-moment correlation. The present study aimed to replicate this finding and compare HCC stability regarding 1-year and 2-year test-retest intervals. Female university students (N = 39) provided hair strands twice (t1 and t2) at intervals of 1 (n = 21) or 2 years (n = 18). Multiple regression analysis predicting HCC at t2 revealed a significant interaction term (HCC at t1 × time interval condition). It was determined that HCCs were substantially related for the 1-year interval but unrelated for the 2-year interval. The findings were not attributable to potential influences, such as hair treatment. The product-moment correlation showed nearly identical consistency with previous research regarding the 1-year test-retest interval. There was no significant product-moment correlation for the 2-year interval. Overall, these findings indicate that within a temporal framework of 1 year, HCCs may be stable predictors in correlational studies where the focus is on the rank orders of measured values.

Purpose in life is an aspect of well-being associated with less subjective stress. The present research sought to expand this literature by testing the association between both dispositional and momentary purpose with stress in daily life using a micro-longitudinal study design. Participants (N = 303) reported their dispositional purpose at baseline and reported their momentary purpose and stress three times a day for 8 days. Between-person, dispositional purpose was associated with less momentary stress across the 8 days tested with linear regression (β = -0.29, 95% CI = -0.39, -18, p < 0.001); it was unrelated to variability in stress (β = 0.05, 95% CI = -0.05, 0.14, p = 0.310). In contrast, the within-person analysis tested with multilevel modelling indicated that in moments when participants felt more purpose-driven than their average, they felt more stressed (b = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.12, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001). This association was slightly stronger among participants with relatively lower dispositional purpose (b_interaction = -0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.08, -0.01, p = 0.032). This study replicated the negative association between dispositional purpose and subjective stress when stress was measured at moments in daily life. It also found that feeling more purpose-driven than usual in the moment is stressful, a counterintuitive finding that, if replicated, suggests that striving for purpose can be stressful in the moment, even if feeling more purposeful in general is associated with lower stress.

Research has evidenced that purpose in life helps to minimise the strains of providing informal care to a significant other, but little is known about whether this psychological resource influences the paths from stressors to the health outcomes of family caregiving and through which mechanisms it can exert this protective effect. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of purpose in life on the (mediated through adaptive coping) relationship between caregiver burden and psychological distress in haemodialysis caregivers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of family caregivers (n = 173; M = 55.9, SD = 15.6 years old) of adults undergoing haemodialysis. A moderated-mediation model was computed to explore the interaction effects of purpose in life on the path between burden and distress, having adaptive coping behaviours as parallel mediators. Results showed that purpose in life had a buffering effect on the mediated (through acceptance coping) relationship between burden and distress (index of partial moderated-mediation: b_simple = -0.029, 95% bootstrap confidence interval (CI) [-0.070, -0.002]), and that this conditional effect was lowest at high levels of the moderator (at +1SD: b_simple = 0.038, SE = 0.026, 95% bootstrap CI [0.001, 0.098]). Use of emotional support (F(1,159) = 4.395, p = 0.038) and positive reframing (F(1,159) = 5.648, p = 0.019) also mediated this path. This study expands knowledge about the modifiable internal resources through which purpose in life can help promote psychosocial adjustment to the haemodialysis caregiving process. Mental health promotion initiatives aimed at this population need to consider combining different intervention approaches to foster purpose in life and train adaptive (and flexible) coping skills.

Prior work suggests that cognitive biases may contribute to health anxiety. Yet there is little research investigating how biased attention, interpretation, and memory for health threats are collectively associated with health anxiety, as well as the relative importance of these cognitive processes in predicting health anxiety. This study aimed to build a prediction model for health anxiety with multiple cognitive biases as potential predictors and to identify the biased cognitive processes that best predict individual differences in health anxiety. A machine learning algorithm (elastic net) was performed to recognise the predictors of health anxiety, using various tasks of attention, interpretation, and memory measured across behavioural, self-reported, and computational modelling approaches. Participants were 196 university students with a range of health anxiety severity from mild to severe. The results showed that only the interpretation bias for illness and the attention bias towards symptoms significantly contributed to the prediction model of health anxiety, with both biases having positive weights and the former being the most important predictor. These findings underscore the central role of illness-related interpretation bias and suggest that combined cognitive bias modification may be a promising method for alleviating health anxiety.

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a prolonged stress and anxiety response that occurs after exposure to a traumatic event. Research shows that both parental and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are correlated but parental executive functions (EFs) could buffer this link. EFs refers to a group of high-level cognitive processes that enable self-regulation of thoughts and actions to achieve goal-directed behaviours and can be of importance for both positive parenting interactions and effective coping skills for PTSS. Our study aimed to (1) examine the link between maternal and child PTSS and the moderating role of varying degrees of exposure to severe security threats context, and (2) to identify the moderating role of maternal EFs in this interaction, among families living in southern Israel. Our sample included 131 mothers in their second pregnancy and their firstborn children. Mothers performed computerised tasks to assess their EFs and they reported on their own and their child's PTSS. Results revealed a positive correlation between maternal PTSS and child PTSS. However, the link between maternal and child PTSS was moderated by maternal working memory updating abilities and threat context severity. Among mothers with lower updating capacities, the association between maternal and child symptoms was stronger under higher threat contexts; conversely, among mothers with higher maternal updating abilities, threat context did not modulate the link between maternal and child PTSS, suggesting a stress-buffering effect. Our study contributes to the growing literature on the significant role of parental EFs in the context of parent-child interactions.

The ongoing Israel-Hamas war is posing additional challenges for mental health workers in an already stressful workplace. This study centres on the psychological effects of the shared traumatic reality on mental health workers, arising from the Israel-Hamas war. One month after exposure to the terrorist attack of 7 October 2023 and the outbreak of war following this event, 147 mental health workers completed questionnaires regarding a variety of variables such as demographics, anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, media-induced secondary trauma, personal resilience, National resilience (NR), and post-traumatic growth (PTG). The study found that mental health workers with previous trauma displayed higher anxiety symptoms, acute stress symptoms, and media-induced secondary trauma. Additionally, acute stress and anxiety were positively correlated with media-induced secondary trauma. Religiosity, personal resilience, and NR were found associated with lower anxiety and acute stress symptoms. Religiosity was also positively correlated with personal resilience, NR, and PTG. The PTG of mental health workers working with trauma survivors and evacuees was higher compared to that of other mental health workers. Both adverse and adaptive reactions were evident among mental health workers. While traumatic stress is expected, individual, professional, and NR factors may mitigate its effects. Providing training, social support, regulated media exposure, stress management, and meaning-focused coping strategies can help safeguard workers' well-being.

Against the background of Job Demands-Resources and Conservation of Resources theory and research on organizational communication, this prospective study among n = 312 employees explores the significant role of perceived information process quality (PIPQ) in enhancing employees' optimism during the COVID-19 pandemic. It thereby contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing employee optimism in challenging contexts. In this study, PIPQ is defined by the availability of timely information, clarity, and consistency in the information provided. Results from latent change score modelling revealed that employees who experienced high PIPQ, particularly consistent information, reported feeling more optimistic about work-related aspects and also experienced spillover effects into their private lives. Notably, both consistency in information prior to the pandemic and increases in consistent information during the pandemic demonstrated this beneficial effect. Moreover, timely available information also positively influenced optimism, especially regarding work-related aspects. However, the study did not find evidence that clarity in information significantly affected optimism. In summary, the findings underscore the importance of accessible and consistent information as a vital resource for employees' ability to navigate crises.

Cyberloafing, the use of the Internet for non-work-related activities while at work, has become a growing problem in the workplace. Since cyberloafing is commonly regarded as counterproductive, anticipating and controlling employees' cyberloafing behaviour is becoming increasingly important. Previous research suggests that individuals who engage in cyberloafing may have difficulties regulating their attention to important tasks. Based on self-regulation theory, our study examines the influence of job reattachment on cyberloafing through the mediating role of mindfulness and the moderating role of goal commitment. Data for this study were collected in China through surveys conducted with 275 employees at three different time points. The results showed that: (1) job reattachment was significantly negatively associated with cyberloafing; (2) mindfulness mediated this relationship between job reattachment and cyberloafing; and (3) goal commitment moderated the direct effect of job reattachment on mindfulness as well as the indirect effect of job reattachment on cyberloafing through mindfulness. Overall, our research findings emphasize the importance of the impact of job reattachment on cyberloafing through mindfulness. Theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.

We propose a novel approach for predicting stress severity by measuring sleep phasic heart rate variability (HRV) using a smart device. This device can potentially be applied for stress self-screening in large populations. Using a Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) and a Huawei smart device, we conducted 24-h dual recordings of 159 medical workers working regular shifts. Based on photoplethysmography (PPG) and accelerometer signals acquired by the Huawei smart device, we sorted episodes of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP; unstable sleep), non-cyclic alternating pattern (NCAP; stable sleep), wakefulness, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep based on cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) algorithms. We further calculated the HRV indices during NCAP, CAP and REM sleep episodes using both the Holter ECG and smart-device PPG signals. We later developed a machine learning model to predict stress severity based only on the smart device data obtained from the participants along with a clinical evaluation of emotion and stress conditions. Sleep phasic HRV indices predict individual stress severity with better performance in CAP or REM sleep than in NCAP. Using the smart device data only, the optimal machine learning-based stress prediction model exhibited accuracy of 80.3 %, sensitivity 87.2 %, and 63.9 % for specificity. Sleep phasic heart rate variability can be accurately evaluated using a smart device and subsequently can be used for stress predication.

Based on the Work-Home Resources Model and Conservation of Resources Theory, we develop dual mechanisms by which nice interactions (patients' compliments and coworkers' informational support) predict sleep quality. Specifically, we expect these nice interactions to help individuals conserve their personal energy in the form of less cognitive depletion (a cognitive process) and diminished physical fatigue (a physical process). Further, we propose employees utilise their energy resources to experience better sleep quality. To test the proposed model, we utilised an experience-sampling method by recruiting 223 female nurses working in a regional university hospital in South Korea. Specifically, we measured nice interactions and personal resources at 3 PM on Day t and sleep quality at 5-6 AM on Day t + 1, and we administered the questionnaire for 10 consecutive days. Overall, after removing 79 invalid observations (not completing questionnaire in a timely manner), we had a final total of two-wave 1997 daily observations from 223 nurses. Receiving more compliments from patients and more information from coworkers positively affects nurses' cognitive energy (less cognitive depletion) and physical energy (less physical fatigue), which predicts better sleep quality. Finally, results supported indirect effects of these nice interactions on sleep quality via cognitive and physical processes.