Stress and Health最新文献

Daily stressors elicit physiological and mental responses impacting health, cognition, and behaviour. Accurately assessing psychological stress responses in natural settings remains challenging despite extensive research, though wrist-worn devices have the potential to address this gap through remote data collection. The Garmin fitness tracker provides a stress score largely based on HRV which must be validated prior to use in research. This study aimed to (1) predict psychological self-reported stress from physiological measurements and Garmin calculated stress score, and (2) assess the stress score given by the Garmin Vivosmart 4 against HR and HRV from ECG recordings derived by the Polar H10 chest strap. A pilot study of 29 participants was conducted, followed by power calculations and preregistration of the main study which included 60 participants. Data were collected simultaneously from both Garmin and Polar device during a laboratory session of restful and mental-stress-inducing tasks. Garmin's stress score, mean HR, SD2/SD1, and HF power exhibited significant differences between stress and rest conditions. Moreover, Garmin's stress score correlated significantly with HR, RMSSD, and SD2/SD1. However, out of our physiological measurements, heart rate showed the strongest association with self-reported stress, while the Garmin stress score demonstrated only marginal predictive value for subjective stress experience. Our findings also suggest that physiological responses to mental stress were influenced by sex and tonic HRV. The study suggests that the GSS, although even better heart rate, are indicative of mental stress. Garmin, with its accessibility and noninvasive nature, measures both heart rate and consumer health score (stress), promising widespread utilisation in various research domains.

This study examines the impact of exploitative leadership (EL) on employees' workplace well-being (WWB), elucidating underlying mechanisms and mitigating factors. Grounded in Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, and the Transactional Theory of Stress (TTS), we explore the mediating role of interactional injustice (IIJ) in the EL-WWB relationship and the moderating effect of managing-your-boss (MYB) strategies. Using a two-wave time-lagged design, data were collected from 263 full-time U.S. employees and analysed via Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), supplemented by Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). Results indicate that EL positively relates to IIJ, which in turn negatively affects WWB, establishing IIJ as a full mediator. MYB moderates the EL-IIJ link, weakening it at higher MYB levels, and extends this buffering to the conditional indirect pathway. IPMA underscores IIJ's high negative importance for WWB, while NCA reveals no necessary conditions but highlights MYB's enabling role. These findings advance destructive leadership research by emphasising follower agency in resource conservation and stress appraisal, offering practical insights for enhancing well-being through proactive strategies. Theoretical implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

Transformative religious/spiritual experiences (RSE) represent a subset of extraordinary experiences that are both self-destabilizing and relational in nature. This double-edged quality positions transformative RSE as both a potential source of psychological vulnerability and a catalyst for enhanced social connectedness. This study investigates the antecedents and outcomes of transformative RSE using a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 10,529 young adults from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health T0 (1994-1995), T1 (2001-2002), and T2 (2008). We examined associations of reporting a transformative RSE at T1 (late adolescence) on a broad range of physical, mental, behavioural, and social health and wellbeing indicators assessed at T2 (early adulthood). Primary analyses controlled for an extensive set of covariates assessed at T0 (early adolescence), with sensitivity analyses employing both liberal (T0 sociodemographic characteristics only) and conservative (contemporaneous covariates taken from T1) adjustment strategies. Antecedents (T0 correlates) of transformative RSE included adverse childhood environments, negative parental dynamics, and heightened religious involvement. Consistent T2 outcomes of transformative RSE involved some markers of mental and social vulnerability (i.e., PTSD diagnosis and loneliness), as well as increased prosocial engagement (i.e., volunteering and voting). These findings support the theorized double-edged sword effect of transformative RSE and suggest the potential role of meaning-making and integration in shaping long-term psychological and social outcomes.

Stress alters vocal production, particularly by affecting laryngeal muscle function. Despite several studies on voice acoustics under stress, no systematic synthesis exists. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies assessing the impact of stress on vocal fundamental frequency (F0). Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published between January 2010 and September 2024. Eligible studies included adult participants exposed to experimental or naturalistic stressors, with pre- and post-stress voice recordings analysed using objective acoustic measures. Data were extracted regarding F0, and random-effects meta-analyses were performed. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on gender, speech type, and stress induction method. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1148 observations. The meta-analysis showed a significant increase in F0 after stress (SMD = 0.5504, 95% CI [0.3014, 0.7995], p < 0.001) with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 69.2%). However, evidence of publication bias was observed; trim-and-fill attenuated the pooled estimate to a nonsignificant effect (SMD = 0.1710; 95% CI: -0.1472 to 0.4891; p = 0.2923). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger effects in women (SMD = 0.7128, 95% CI [0.3763, 1.0492], p < 0.001) and during spontaneous speech (SMD = 0.7911, 95% CI [0.4492, 1.1331], p < 0.001), with nonsignificant results for men and standardized speech. Effects tended to be larger for naturalistic stressors than validated laboratory procedures, though the between-group comparison was not statistically significant. F0 shows promise for stress assessment, but publication bias and heterogeneity warrant caution. F0 should be considered a noninvasive candidate biomarker requiring validation in large, prospective studies using standardized protocols and representative, gender-stratified cohorts.

Traditionally, to promote an optimal pregnancy trajectory and child development, encompassing both physical and mental health, a preventative focus is crucial and - ideally - exposure to negative influences is supposed to be limited. However, when prevention is not feasible, early identification of developmental impairments is paramount to address potential risk factors for future development. Specifically, one source of developmental impairment is prenatal maternal stress. This umbrella review integrates and summarizes current research on the diverse developmental consequences of prenatal maternal stress caused by natural disasters. The cumulative evidence strongly suggests that the effect of maternal stress during pregnancy does not end after pregnancy but can lead to a wide range of detrimental effects on a child's development throughout the whole lifespan. By synthesizing previous empirical findings, the current review provides an overview about potential congenital developmental difficulties as well as the interdependence of these negative effects. The depicted results highlight a risk of overarching negative effects of prenatal stress for the child. It is stated that in order to prevent possible long-lasting effects this risk has to be effectively taken into account. Possible recommendations for prevention interventions are discussed.

In the healthcare sector, frontline healthcare workers often have to deal with tasks that are labelled as 'dirty work.' These tasks not only pose potential threats to their physical health but may also significantly impact their psychological state and work outcomes. Despite the critical nature of these issues, there is currently a relative scarcity of research in this area. Therefore, based on the cognitive appraisal theory of stress, we conducted a two-stage time-lagged questionnaire survey among frontline healthcare workers in three large hospitals in China. The analysis of 526 valid questionnaires revealed that the perception of dirty work among frontline medical staff has a positive impact on work procrastination, with avoidance motivation, approach motivation, and sense of work meaning playing a serial mediating role in this process, and patient attachment moderating this mediating effect. These findings not only provide a new perspective for understanding the psychological mechanisms behind the work procrastination behaviour of frontline healthcare workers but also lay the foundation for healthcare institutions, especially for those medical staff who are frequently in dirty work environments, to develop scientific, evidence-based intervention strategies.

Physical activity is well-evidenced to reduce stress and health risks. Frequent or prolonged psychological stress increases the risk for physical and mental health morbidities. Further, high stress may also impair physical activity behaviours. Eight hundred adults (M_age = 41.47, SD = 13.61; % women = 47.5%) completed questionnaires at baseline, as well as one- and two-month follow-ups that were used to measure physical activity and psychological stress. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model was fit to explore the bidirectional, month-to-month associations between physical activity and psychological stress. There were significant between-person associations between psychological stress and physical activity (r = -0.209, SE = 0.050, 95% CI = [-0.307, -0.110]). The within-person associations between physical activity and subsequent psychological stress (b = -0.069, SE = 0.048, 95% CI = [-0.162, 0.024]) as well as stress and subsequent physical activity (b = -0.094, SE = 0.105, 95% CI = [-0.301, 0.112]) were non-significant, but medium-to-large ( ${\beta }_{1\to 2}$  = -0.114, ${\beta }_{2\to 3}$  = -0.111) and small-to-medium ( ${\beta }_{1\to 2}$  = -0.065, ${\beta }_{2\to 3}$ -0.057) in magnitude, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that, on average, individuals participating in greater levels of physical activity report lower stress. Further research is needed to explore the discrepancy between the significant between-person effects and the non-significant within-person cross-lagged effects.

Despite being one of the most prevalent stress models in the organisational psychology and management literature, the challenge-hindrance stress model has come under criticism for inconsistent results. The current study seeks to investigate the role of stressor appraisals as a boundary condition of challenge and hindrance stressors in predicting employee engagement and exhaustion, strengthening the foundation of the model, and offering a potential explanation for previous mixed findings. Building on existing literature, we also probe the mediating role of engagement in the challenge stressors-job satisfaction relationship, Additionally, we explore whether exhaustion serves as a mechanism in the hindrance stressors and turnover intentions link. Using a daily diary design, workers from Amazon's Mechanical Turk completed two surveys per day for 10 weekdays (Level-1 N = 1344 observations; Level-2 N = 164 participants). Results indicated that challenge and hindrance appraisals of both challenge and hindrance stressors moderated the effects on engagement and exhaustion. Additionally, while engagement was found to mediate the effects of challenge stressors on job satisfaction, exhaustion did not mediate the relationship between hindrance stressors and turnover intentions. These findings highlight the need for stressor appraisal integration into the challenge-hindrance model and offer insights relating to employee stress management.

Mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and mental health disorders, are at risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) due to exposure to trauma related to their children's upbringing. Additionally, research suggests that these mothers may develop affiliate stigma, meaning they internalise the stigmatisation associated with their children, which may further heighten their vulnerability to trauma. However, this supposition has not yet been tested. Bridging this knowledge gap, this cross-sectional study explored the role of affiliate stigma in the relationship between the number of traumatic events and PTSS in mothers of children with autism and mental health disorders. An online survey was conducted among Israeli mothers using self-report measures. The sample consisted of 1448 mothers: 208 mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders, and 1240 mothers of children without disabilities. Results indicated that mothers of children with autism or mental health disorders were exposed to a greater number of traumatic events and exhibited elevated PTSS compared to mothers of children without disabilities. Affiliate stigma was associated with PTSS and moderated the relationship between the number of traumatic events and intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms: although the number of traumatic events explained increased intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms, this effect was stronger under conditions of high affiliate stigma. The present results suggest that mothers of children with neuropsychiatric disorders who internalise stigmatisation regarding their children may be particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic distress. Therefore, clinical interventions targeting affiliate stigma may be imperative for this population.

Hsp70 and Hsp90, members of the heat shock protein family known for their cell-protective effects against stress at the molecular level. This study aims to compare the Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and the healthy controls and to investigate the relation between Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels and the clinical parameters. The study group consisted of children and adolescents aged 8-18 who applied to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with anxiety disorders and a healthy control group of similar age and gender. The Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders, Children's Depression Inventory, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale were used. Venous blood samples were collected from the participants, and serum Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels were measured using the ELISA method. Serum levels of Hsp70 and Hsp90 were significantly lower in children and adolescents diagnosed with anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls (Hsp70: p = 0.019; Hsp90: p = 0.043). While no significant correlation was found between Hsp levels and disease severity, exposure to early-life stress (ELS) was associated with a significant increase in Hsp70 levels overall (p = 0.005). However, among participants exposed to ELS, those in the anxiety disorder group exhibited a markedly smaller increase in Hsp70 compared to controls with ELS exposure, suggesting a possible dysregulation of the cellular stress response in this clinical population. The results of our study indicate that psychological stress in anxiety disorders may be linked to changes in cellular stress-related mechanisms. The reduction in serum levels of heat shock proteins, which help maintain cellular stability under stress, may contribute to the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. However, further studies using additional cellular and molecular markers are warranted to validate these findings.