Stress and Health最新文献

The present study explored the role of two types of uncertainty attitudes, that is, risk and ambiguity, in the relationship between childhood stress and depressive symptoms among 214 undergraduates. Participants completed an economic decision-making task designed to assess their attitudes towards risk and ambiguity. Risk attitude and ambiguity attitude were quantified using a theoretical model of decision-making under uncertainty. Childhood stress was measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and depressive symptoms by the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results indicated that higher levels of childhood stress were significantly associated with greater risk aversion but not with ambiguity attitude. Moreover, risk attitude statistically moderated the relationship between childhood stress and depressive symptoms, with gender differences emerging in the direction of this effect. Specifically, among females, increased risk aversion strengthened the association between childhood stress and depressive symptoms. In contrast, in males, greater risk aversion weakened this relationship. These findings suggest that risk attitude may operates in a context-dependent and gender-specific manner, highlighting the need for tailored interventions.

Anxiety-depression comorbidity in adolescents has become an urgent public health problem, and childhood abuse has been proven to be associated with it. However, the mechanisms that drive this association are still relatively underexplored. This study investigated the cognitive and emotional mechanisms underlying this association, and whether these are moderated by teacher and peer support. Data came from 1184 Chinese adolescents (M_AgeTime1 = 13.82 years, SD = 1.50; 53.5% boys) from a three-wave longitudinal study with data spanning 1.5 years. Results revealed that a general factor (the internalizing factor) can capture the common etiology of anxiety and depression. Interpretation bias and emotion regulation difficulties mediated the association between childhood abuse and the internalizing factor. Furthermore, high teacher support buffered the positive association between emotion regulation difficulties and the internalizing factor, amplifying the positive association between interpretation bias and the internalizing factor. These findings emphasize the importance of individual cognition, emotional, and social contexts in adolescents with abuse experiences and provide empirical evidence for the intervention and clinical treatment of anxiety and depressive symptoms.

This study examined how U.S. Army Soldiers' subjective perceptions of organizational affect relate to holistic mental health across the deployment cycle. Using a repeated cross-sectional design, 1554 Soldiers completed surveys before (T1), during (T2), and after (T3) deployment. Perceptions of organizational affect were conceptualised along two theoretically grounded dimensions: ambiance (emotional tone) and vigour (motivational energy), and measured using a novel validated scale. Factor analyses identified four distinct perceptions: suffering (negative ambiance, low vigour), contentment (positive ambiance, low vigour), restlessness (negative ambiance, high vigour), and zeal (positive ambiance, high vigour). General linear models showed that perceptions of organizational affect at T2 and T3 were significantly associated with psychological distress, hedonic happiness, and eudaimonic thriving at those time points, controlling for pre-deployment (T1) holistic mental health. Perceptions of suffering were linked to increased distress, perceptions of contentment to greater happiness, and perceptions of both zeal and restlessness to greater thriving. Perceptions of organizational affect accounted for 5%-15% of the variance in holistic mental health outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of both perceptions of organizational ambiance and vigour in shaping mental health and well-being and suggest opportunities for targeted interventions in high-stakes occupational environments like military deployments.

The literature has consistently demonstrated that being the victim of interpersonal violence increases the risk of future interpersonal violence (i.e., revictimisation). In this context, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly important since it has been investigated as a risk factor and consequence of revictimisation. The aim of the current study was to (a) compute a rate of revictimisation across types of interpersonal violence, and (b) examine which factors are associated with observed rates of revictimisation. We conducted a pre-registered systematic search in PubMed, APA PsycInfo, PTSDpubs, Web of Science, and Scopus, that resulted in N = 1286 individual records and n = 19 inclusions (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023446788). Criteria for inclusion were: adult human sample, assessment of PTSD symptoms that precedes assessment of interpersonal revictimisation, published in a peer-reviewed journal, longitudinal study design. Most studies focused on intimate partner revictimisation, followed by sexual revictimisation. The pooled rate of revictimisation was 39.2% for the overall group, and 53.4% for those experiencing intimate partner revictimisation. Only the proportion of females was positively associated with the observed rate of revictimisation. None of the other factors: presence of severe PTSD symptoms, mode of assessment (PTSD), type of sample, or duration of the follow-up period, were associated with the rates of revictimisation. We recommend the use of gold-standard assessment for PTSD, more representative and more clearly defined samples, and the development of a validated measure of revictimisation. For clinicians, we recommend paying attention to and providing psychoeducation about revictimisation and potential ways to prevent this. In sum, revictimisation is highly prevalent, but remains poorly understood. This gap may be addressed by rigorous methodological improvements (research) and psychoeducation (clinical practice).

The nature of the mental health profession inherently puts its workers at risk of heightened psychological stress. This raises the importance of understanding why some mental health professionals show greater resilience when faced with common work stressors than others. One work stressor that has been consistently linked with stress is workload. Research has found that higher workload generally leads to greater work-life conflict, which, in turn, leads to greater stress. The current study aimed to test this mediation model amongst mental health professionals and examined how individuals' preference for segmentation versus integration of work and private life moderates the strength of the pathways in this mediation model. Research participants, consisting of 152 Australian mental health professionals aged 18-69 years (M = 37.58, SD = 12.12), voluntarily completed a 30-min survey capturing workload, work-life conflict, segmentation preference, and stress. In line with expectations, higher workload predicted greater stress via higher levels of work-life conflict. Furthermore, segmentation preference moderated the path between workload and work-life conflict as well as the path between work-life conflict and stress. Simple slopes analyses showed that a stronger (vs. weaker) preference for segmentation was associated with a stronger positive relationship between workload and work-life conflict as well as a stronger positive relationship between work-life conflict and stress. Segmentation preference may thus influence the workload-work-life conflict-stress relationship through two distinct mechanisms. Improving our understanding of such mechanisms facilitates creation of targeted strategies to reduce work-induced stress amongst mental health professionals.

Self-compassion has emerged as a protective factor for psychological health and well-being. Interest has grown in understanding the mechanisms that explain how self-compassion contributes to improved psychological outcomes. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesise the results of studies that investigated the mediators underlying the relationship between self-compassion and psychological outcomes. Potential eligible studies were searched on Embase, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science (search up till January 2025). Included were peer-reviewed, English-language studies investigating mediators between self-compassion and psychological outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the Mediation Quality Checklist. A total of 113 studies were included, and most were cross-sectional and focused on psychological symptoms rather than well-being. Repetitive negative thinking, such as worry and rumination, was the most studied process and found to be significantly mediating self-compassion and reduced psychological symptoms across studies. There is also growing evidence for experiential avoidance and mindfulness as significant mediators. Limited studies precluded drawing conclusions about other coping strategies, self-concept, and social factors. This systematic review points toward a significant mediational role of maladaptive (e.g. repetitive negative thinking, experiential avoidance) and adaptive (e.g. mindfulness) emotion regulation and coping strategies, that explain the association of self-compassion with psychological outcomes. Future studies with more rigorous designs including intensive longitudinal and experimental designs are needed to clarify causality.

In this scoping review, we explore the concept of human thriving in work populations that are repeatedly exposed to high stress, elevated threat, and potential trauma-professions such as first responders and front-line military personnel. The concept of thriving, defined as the joint experience of development and success, shares some similarities with other psychological concepts (e.g., resilience, posttraumatic growth, flourishing), but is distinct due to the consideration of physical wellbeing, and success (e.g., performance). It is posited that thriving offers a more holistic approach to understanding human functioning and is flexible enough to be applied to a variety of populations. We aimed to synthesis the existing literature on human thriving in high stress and recurring trauma occupations, and report factors that enable individuals to thrive. Database searches were conducted in CINAHL, Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO. The review adhered to recommended guidelines including the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. Eight hundred and thirty-two original sources were identified and underwent title and abstract review, with 149 retained for full text review and 28 retained for data extraction. Whilst no articles were found that utilised 'thriving' as the central concept of investigation in relevant occupational settings (i.e., high stress, recurring trauma), the final sample retained 28 articles that focused on one or more components of thriving (26 quantitative, one mixed method and one qualitative study). Occupations included police officers, paramedics, firefighters, and military personnel. Personal factors identified that align with the thriving framework included resilience, posttraumatic growth and subjective wellbeing. Coping styles also appeared to be related to an individual's ability to thrive with findings suggesting that an active coping style is linked to greater wellbeing, and that an avoidant coping may be helpful during a stressful event. Contextual factors identified included social support from colleagues and supervisors, shared humour, and positive human connection. For individuals in occupations where they are regularly exposed to recurring trauma and stress, and the corresponding negative impacts, finding ways to facilitate thriving may have significant social, psychological, and organisational benefits. Understanding how individuals thrive and positively adapt to disruptions may inform workplace education and interventions and assist in supporting these vital workforces.

The post-pandemic era, coupled with the rising adoption of AI chatbots and robotics, introduces significant new challenges for employee work well-being. Thus, it is important to investigate underlying mechanisms about how employees can develop mindsets to promote well-being at work. This study examines how a dual-focused growth mindset-comprising a growth mindset about the self (the belief in the ability to develop personal abilities) and a growth mindset about work (the belief in the capacity to optimise work conditions)-can enhance employee work well-being through resilience. In a two-wave survey involving 606 full-time employees in China (Study 1), we found that both mindsets were associated with lower levels of mental ill-health symptoms (one dimension of work well-being) by increasing personal resilience. Notably, the effect of a growth mindset about the self (but not about work) on personal resilience was stronger when individuals perceived a high (vs. low) level of work stress. In Study 2, a quasi-experimental design with 85 participants in an intervention group and 66 in a control group demonstrated that a growth mindset intervention effectively enhanced dual growth mindsets, leading to improved well-being, including job satisfaction and individual flourishing. A serial mediation analysis confirmed that resilience mediated the relationship between the self-growth mindset (not work-growth mindset) and employee flourishing. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Midday napping (Qailulah) is one of the most recent concepts whose effects on stress have been examined in the literature, and it holds a significant place in Islamic culture as a practice (Sunnah) recommended by Prophet Muhammad. The present study was conducted to examine midday napping habits and religious beliefs related to midday napping of Muslim adults from Türkiye, Saudi Arabia, and Malaysia, as well as the association between midday napping and perceived stress. A multi-national descriptive online survey-based study involving Muslim adults (N = 1157) was administered using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). It was seen that 16.8% of the participants took everyday midday naps, with 63.5% of them preferring midday naps for stress management. In addition, 77.2% of the participants had knowledge of Islamic knowledge regarding midday napping, and 86.1% of them thought that this religious knowledge contributes to midday napping. In multiple linear regression analysis, living in Türkiye, being in the 18-30 age group, having a sleep disorder diagnosis, going to sleep after 2 AM, taking midday naps for more than 60 min, and taking midday naps for stress management were associated with higher perceived stress levels in the Muslim population (p < 0.05). On the other hand, being male, waking up before 7 AM, and thinking that midday napping positively affected stress management were associated with lower perceived stress levels (p < 0.05). In order to strengthen the evidence base for these findings, it is recommended that the impact of midday naps on stress management be evaluated through randomized controlled trials that consider factors such as religious adherence and cultural influences.

This study aimed to determine whether online-guided mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in daily life improve autonomic nervous system function as measured by the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in healthy subjects. A total of 94 university students were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a waitlist control group. Participants practiced single-session meditation in a laboratory. During the intervention period, the participants practiced brief online mindfulness meditation for 12 weeks. PLR and psychological indices were measured before and after single and multiple mindfulness sessions. Using a multiple-regression analysis controlling for the baseline values, participants in the intervention group showed significantly decreased emotional fluctuations and significantly increased relaxation compared to those in the control group in a single session, whereas no significant differences in physiological indices were detected. In 12-week multiple sessions, participants in the intervention group showed significantly decreased state anxiety (p = 0.05), and marginally significantly decreased sympathetic nervous system activation (VD, p = 0.08) and perceived stress (p = 0.07) compared to those in the control group. These results suggest that the effects of mindfulness meditation on autonomic nerve function may be cumulative. These findings highlight the preventive effects of continuing online-guided MBIs in a healthy population and the potential usefulness of pupilometers in monitoring intervention effects. The applicability of pupillometry is further supported by the finding that MBIs improved psychological indices. Trial Registration: This study was not pre-registered.