Stress and Health最新文献

Based on previous empirical evidence, scholars have argued for a dialectical relationship between burnout and work engagement. However, these conclusions largely rely on latent variable models, which have inherent limitations due to strong hierarchical assumptions about data. As a result, previous findings should be considered preliminary indications rather than conclusive evidence. In this study, we introduce network analysis to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement. We demonstrate its utility by comparing the fit indices of the network model and three factor models in a cross-national sample with 2469 employees from Norway and 879 employees from the US and UK. Based on theory and fit indices, we conclude that the network model was preferred in both samples. Using this model, we uncovered positive relationships between two work engagement variables and the exhaustion component of burnout. Theoretically, this study broadens our understanding and show support for the dialectical relationship between burnout and work engagement. Furthermore, by introducing the network model to empirical research, we provide a novel approach that contribute to nuance and ideas for research on burnout and work engagement. Practically, our results offer insightful data on possible points for intervention between burnout and work engagement variables.

Objective: This study investigated savouring as a moderator of affect reactivity to daily events among older adults.

Method: A sample of 108 individuals aged 65-92 years (M = 73.11, SD = 5.92; 58% women) completed daily diary questionnaires over 14 days, reporting on daily stressors, positive events, savouring, and positive and negative affect.

Results: Multilevel models showed that on days when a stressor was experienced, negative affect was higher when daily savouring (within-person) was low, but this association was not observed when daily savouring was high. Additionally, on days with positive events, negative affect was lower when trait savouring (between-person) was high, but this effect was not found when trait savouring was low.

Discussion: The findings highlight the importance of savouring as a key factor in managing emotional responses to daily experiences among older adults. Specifically, deliberately engaging with positive experiences might buffer daily negative emotional responses.

In western China, many socioeconomically disadvantaged rural children remain at preschools for extremely long hours: they start to receive boarding services as young as 3 years old and remain at preschools for 4 to 5 consecutive days weekly. Although the quality of childcare is generally poor in these preschools, extremely long school hours and prolonged separation from primary caregivers may induce additional stress and lead to school maladjustment among boarding preschoolers. This study examines the impact of boarding experience on preschool beginners' social adjustment and stress responses, as indicated by their saliva alpha-amylase (sAA) and cortisol. A total of over 900 saliva samples of 31 boarding and 30 non-boarding preschoolers (mean age = 44.0 months, SD = 9.8 months) were collected over 12 weeks after they entered preschools. Primary caregivers reported children's behavioural problems and school refusal. Boarders experienced a larger mid-morning to mid-afternoon rise in cortisol than non-boarders on the second-to-last weekdays but not on the first weekdays. Non-boarders experienced an accelerated decrease in sAA during the 12 weeks, whereas boarders did not. Differences in cortisol and sAA patterns indicate potential increased stress for boarders, which might be associated with their more prevalent school-refusal behaviour than non-boarders. The findings underscore that entry into boarding preschool may cause stress and school refusal in rural Chinese children during their transition to preschool. Additional contacts with primary caregivers during this transition are needed to support boarders emotionally.

Rumination, that is mentally dwelling on past-centred negative, unwanted, and persistent thoughts, has been reliably linked to exaggerated cardiovascular responses to, and prolonged cardiovascular recovery from, a single psychological stressor. Although cardiovascular adaptation to multiple stress exposures is also an important indicator of a healthful stress response, only one study has examined the association between trait rumination and adaptation to repeated stress, employing a protocol administered across two separate testing sessions, 1 week apart. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of trait rumination on cardiovascular adaptation to repeated psychological stress within the same testing session. In a single laboratory visit, 146 participants completed a standardised stress testing protocol where they were exposed to the same stress task twice, separated by an inter-task interval. Trait rumination was assessed using the revised Emotion Control Questionnaire. Participants' cardiovascular parameters were monitored throughout using a Finometer. Habituation was operationalised as significant differences between reactivity scores from task 1 to reactivity scores from task 2. Repeated measures ANCOVA's found that lower levels of trait rumination were associated with greater systolic blood pressure adaptation in comparison to those reporting a higher tendency to ruminate, who showed less of a decrease in reactivity from the first to the second stress exposure, indicating poorer adaptation. Rumination did not affect cardiovascular habituation for other parameters, however it is worth noting that individuals in this sample failed to habituate regardless of trait rumination. Our results present some evidence implicating rumination as a possible mechanism compromising an individual's capacity to adequately adapt to repeated stress, which over time may play a role in the aetiology of disease. However, more research is needed to replicate this effect.

This 5-day diary study examined the impact of daily hassles on well-being, with a focus on the mediating role of positive and negative affect. Previous research has extensively explored the effects of major life events on well-being, yet the influence of minor daily stressors remains poorly understood. We employed a daily diary methodology with 218 participants, aged 18 to 56, who reported their daily hassles, affect and well-being over five consecutive days. Results revealed that daily hassles significantly predicted both current and prospective well-being, mediated by changes in affect. Specifically, at the within-person level, negative affect increased and positive affect decreased in response to daily hassles, both contributing to reduced well-being. At the between-person level, only negative affect mediated this relationship. Our findings underscore the cumulative impact of minor daily stressors on well-being, highlighting the importance of affective responses in this process. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of how everyday stressors influence well-being, emphasizing the need for strategies to manage daily hassles and enhance emotional resilience.

Conflict deeply affects human experiences, frequently testing individual resilience to its breaking point and leaving enduring psychological and societal wounds. The current conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022, illustrates this phenomenon by altering regional relationships and triggering a major humanitarian crisis marked by extensive displacement, loss of life, and emotional turmoil. This study explores the factors influencing hope and distress in Ukraine alongside six nearby European countries during the ongoing conflict. A cross-sectional survey collected data primarily via internet panel samples from the Czech Republic, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine in the second year since the war's initiation. The current study utilised validated instruments, collecting data on levels of hope, distress, individual resilience, community resilience, societal resilience, morale, sense of danger, perceived security threats, and demographic characteristics. Hope and distress levels differ across countries, with Ukraine exhibiting the highest levels of both (3.74 ± 1.02 and 2.89 ± 0.87, respectively). Overall, average scores of hope were higher than average distress levels. Across the regression models for the seven countries, hope showed strong associations with individual (between β = 0.089 and β = 0.327) and societal resilience (between β = 0.206 and β = 0.514), while morale (between β = -0.104 and β = -0.479) and individual resilience (between β = -0.077 and β = -0.335) displayed a protective relationship against distress (all β values were significant, p < 0.01). Monitoring hope and distress is crucial during the Russian-Ukrainian war and other adversities, as these factors give insight into the current and future psychological states of affected populations. The results offer valuable information that can guide the development of tailored strategies to enhance hope and buffer distress in war-impacted countries, as well as those experiencing its broader effects. Fostering individual and societal resilience, alongside enhancing morale, may strengthen hope and mitigate distress amid adversity. Developing targeted interventions that address each population's unique needs, as well as their sociocultural and geopolitical contexts can enhance efficacy.

This diary study sought to examine the direct and indirect effects of individuals' perceptions of supervisor support and workload during a work week (week 1) on their well-being, satisfaction, and performance at work during the following work week (week 2) as mediated through the quality of their weekend work recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) and sleep quantity. Moreover, we also investigated the possible interaction between supervisor support and workload in the prediction of weekend recovery experiences and sleep quantity. A sample of 90 second-year nursing students taking part in a professional internship completed self-report questionnaires after each of their five working days during week 1 (i.e., supervisor support and workload), then at the end of the day for 2 days during the weekend (i.e., recovery experiences and sleep quantity), and finally after each of their five working days during week 2 (i.e., workplace well-being, performance, and satisfaction). Our results revealed indirect effects of supervisor support on workplace well-being and job satisfaction, as mediated by weekend recovery experiences. Workload was also associated with higher levels of sleep quantity during the weekend and had a direct negative association with the levels of satisfaction and well-being experienced during the following week. Furthermore, workload was associated with better weekend recovery experiences for participants exposed to low levels of supervisor support in week 1. Alternatively, the positive effects of supervisor support on weekend recovery experiences were attenuated as workload levels increased. Theoretical and practical implications of the present study are discussed.

Negative affectivity (Trait-NA) is often measured at baseline and treated as a control variable in models of workplace stress and well-being. However, recent research suggests that routine procedures for the measurement of Trait-NA (i.e., using trait-inducing instructions) may not adequately distinguish Trait-NA from State-NA, leading to probable model misspecification with substantive theoretical implications. We employ Trait-State-Occasion modelling of intensive longitudinal data to examine the degree to which trait-inducing instructions are actually reflective of Trait-NA, as intended. Results indicated that (a) NA, like other often-used measures (e.g., positive affect and workload) exhibit substantial portions of both State and Trait variance, and (b) that rating instructions were generally ineffective in achieving shifts in rating perspectives (5%-15% or so on the average). We discuss implications of using latent variable modelling to distinguish Traits and States in 'shortitudinal research.'

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders. Perceived stress is a significant trigger and has adverse effects on depression. The complex longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and depression at the symptom level has significant implications for clinical intervention but is understudied. In our study, 823 students (67% female, median age 20.38, IQR 19.42-21.43) from a university in Tianjin were randomly sampled and completed measures of PHQ-9 and PSS-10, while 393 (65% female, median age 20.42, IQR 19.46-21.45) were followed up at three points, six months apart. The longitudinal relationships were estimated using cross-lagged modelling and cross-lagged panel network modelling. Among them, 49 students (59% female, median age 19.48, IQR 18.76-20.12) participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans. Cross-lagged analyses showed that depression and perceived stress predicted each other at the global level. At the dimensional level, depression and perceived helplessness were mutually predictive, while depression and perceived coping did not. In the cross-lagged panel network analyses, we identified symptoms in the top 20% of Bridge Expected Influence as bridging symptoms, specifically 'Guilt' (PHQ6) and 'Felt nervous and stressed' (PSS3). Notably, 'guilt' consistently demonstrated the highest Bridge Expected Influence across all time points and showed the strongest predictive power for perceived stress. We found that fALFF in the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) mediated the association between "guilt" and perceived stress. Our findings elucidate the bidirectional relationship between symptoms of depression and perceived stress, identifying guilt is the most critical symptom of depression for the followed perceived stress, with SFG activity mediating this association.

Unethical behaviours have a wide-ranging negative influence in the workplace, including adverse effects on individuals who witness or are subjected to such acts. While research has explored the effects of various misbehaviours on employee well-being, this study draws from ethical impact theory and utilizes data from a panel sample of business professionals to examine the relationship between unethical work polyvictimisation, encompassing varied misbehaviours, and aggregated individual well-being and work stress. Most of the hypotheses were supported, with results indicating that unethical work polyvictimisation was negatively related to two conceptualisations of well-being. Unethical work polyvictimisation was also positively related to work stress, which functioned as a mediator and was negatively related to well-being. The findings suggest that organisations should reduce incidences of polyvictimisation to improve employee well-being and decrease their work stress.