Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology最新文献

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a 3D-printed drill guide technique (3D-DGT) in facilitating sacroiliac screw placement in feline cadavers with sacroiliac luxation (SIL), compared with minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO). Additionally, the accuracy and precision of implant placement in relation to preoperative planning were evaluated.Bilateral SIL was created in 14 feline cadavers, followed by preoperative CT scans. For both techniques, preoperative planning was performed, and 2.4-mm screws were implanted. Postoperative CT scans were then performed to evaluate screw placement accuracy, entry point translation (EPT), and the maximum angular screw deviation (MASD) in dorsal and transverse planes.In the lateral plane, the median (IQR) EPT (in mm) with MIO significantly differed from that with 3D-DGT on the y-axis (dorsoventral direction) from the planned entry location (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 42.5, Z = -2.55, p = 0.009). However, no significant differences were noted on the x-axis (craniocaudal direction) from the planned entry location (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 60, Z = -1.76, p = 0.08). Median (IQR) MASD did not differ significantly between MIO and 3D-DGT in either dorsal or transverse planes (Mann-Whitney U test, U = 77, Z = -0.98, p = 0.34; U = 64, Z = -1.57, p = 0.12, respectively).The use of 3D-DGT lead to fewer suboptimal placements compared with MIO (7.14% versus 42.85%), though the difference was not statistically significant.

This study aimed to report clinical and radiographic outcomes of dogs that underwent radial and ulnar fracture repair using 1.5-mm locking plate systems.Dogs that had radial and ulnar fractures repaired using 1.5-mm locking compression plate systems at four referral hospitals were retrospectively included. Signalment, body weight, fracture aetiology, fracture location and configuration, radius diameter, plate-bone ratio, repair method, clinical and radiographic outcomes, complications, and time to last follow-up were recorded.Thirty fractures in 28 dogs were included. Median body weight was 2.4 kg (range 1.3-5.5 kg). The mean length of the proximal segment relative to the total length of the radius was 67% (range 33-93%). The mean diameter of the radius at its isthmus was 4.9 mm (range 3.1-6.1 mm). The mean plate-bone ratio was 64% (range 48-89%). Radiographic union was documented in 29/30 fractures at a median of 8 weeks postoperatively. Of the cases with long-term follow-up available, 21/24 had a full function and 3/24 had an acceptable function. Five complications occurred, including infection (n = 2), screw migration (n = 1), bandage sores (n = 1), and peri-plate fracture (n = 1).In this population of miniature and toy-breed dogs, 1.5-mm locking plates provided effective fixation for radial and ulnar fractures. Despite complications in 5/30 fractures, radial union occurred in 29/30, and no dog had an unacceptable function at the last follow-up.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the function and radiographic appearance of healed tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures (TTAF) in dogs after they achieve skeletal maturity.This was a retrospective, single-centre cohort study. The medical records of skeletally mature dogs with previously treated TTAF were reviewed.Bilateral mediolateral stifle radiographs were obtained. Radiographic measurements of tibial plateau angle, patellar position (PP) and axial and transverse tibial tuberosity position were statistically evaluated. Treatment outcome was assessed via direct examination and owner evaluation.Twenty-one dogs were included. Treatment groups were open reduction and internal fixation with pins only (n = 9), open reduction and internal fixation with pins and tension band (n = 6) and non-surgical management with a cast (n = 6). In surgically managed cases, the tibial plateau angle and transverse tibial tuberosity position of TTAF stifles decreased while PP and axial tibial tuberosity position increased. Changes were not observed in the non-surgically managed group. The outcome of surgically managed cases was excellent. The outcome of non-surgically managed cases was reported by owners as good to excellent, although medial patellar luxation was observed in two dogs.Surgically managed TTAF result in altered tibial tuberosity and PP but lead to excellent outcomes despite morphologic changes at skeletal maturity. Non-surgically managed TTAF do not significantly alter tibial tuberosity and PP and result in good to excellent outcomes but may increase the risk of patellar luxation.

To use kinetic and kinematic analysis to determine whether a cementless femoral implanted with a bioactive coating can be an effective alternative to a cemented femoral stem.In the Cemented group, six dogs were implanted with a 316L stainless steel hip prosthesis. The six dogs in the Cementless group were implanted with a 316L stainless steel hip prosthesis with a biphasic calcium phosphate coating. Kinetic gait analysis was performed before the surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Kinematic analyses were carried out before the surgery and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 weeks.A slow and sustained improvement in kinetic parameters occurred over time. Dogs implanted with the cemented prosthesis recovered normal preoperative values for maximal hip extension angle by 4 weeks after surgery. Dogs with cementless prosthesis had not recovered normal hip extension by 4 weeks. Despite this short-term change in hip mobility, there were no significant differences in gait between the two groups over the 4-month study period.No differences in gait between cementless and cemented prosthesis were observed throughout the postoperative period to the fourth month. Additionally, compensation and adaptation with gradual recovery of kinetic and kinematic parameters were evident.

This study aimed to explore the diagnostic utility of synovial fluid C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations as a biomarker for discrimination between osteoarthritis, immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) and bacterial infective arthritis and to determine correlations between synovial CRP concentrations with synovial neutrophil cell counts, disease severity and clinical outcome.Synovial fluid was collected prospectively from dogs presenting with osteoarthritis, IMPA or bacterial infective arthritis (11 dogs in each group). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure CRP in synovial fluid and serum. Other data collected included signalment and clinicopathological findings.Synovial CRP concentrations were significantly lower in the osteoarthritis group versus the IMPA or bacterial infective arthritis groups. There was no significant difference in synovial CRP levels between the bacterial infective and IMPA groups. Serum CRP was positively associated with synovial CRP in IMPA cases. In the IMPA and bacterial infective arthritis groups, synovial neutrophil count was positively associated with synovial CRP concentration. Lameness severity was positively associated with synovial CRP concentration in the bacterial infective and osteoarthritis groups.Measurement of synovial CRP did not differentiate between bacterial infective arthritis cases and IMPA cases in this cohort of dogs, but it is useful in differentiating between inflammatory and non-inflammatory arthropathies.

This study aimed to describe the clinical features, computed tomography findings and treatment outcomes of anconeal process osteophyte fractures in dogs.This was a retrospective case series. Dogs with osteoarthritis due to pre-existing elbow dysplasia or elbow fracture diagnoses, which were presented for acute/subacute elbow pain due to acute fracture of anconeal osteophytes. Diagnosis was based on computed tomographic findings. Information on the diagnostic imaging findings and treatment outcomes was documented.Nine dogs were diagnosed with anconeal process osteophyte fractures that were managed conservatively. Six of the dogs improved following conservative management and did not require surgical intervention.Anconeal process osteophyte fractures have not been previously described in dogs. Recognition of and suitable diagnostic imaging selection for this condition can lead to prompt diagnosis and appropriate case management for these patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of three commonly used postural exercise platforms on the stability of the thoracolumbar and lumbosacral regions and the activity of key muscles (biceps femoris, epaxials, medial gluteal, rectus abdominis, triceps) in dogs.Nine dogs were assessed while standing across two stable platforms (stable stance), two K9FITbones (unstable stance), and on a FitPaws TRAX Peanut (Peanut). To determine spinal stability and muscle activity, angular velocities in three anatomical planes and surface electromyography were measured using Delsys Trigno Sensors.Significant incremental stability challenges were observed across platforms. The thoracolumbar region activity increased in the sagittal (p < 0.001), coronal (p < 0.001), and transverse (p = 0.003) planes with decreasing platform stability. Similarly, the lumbosacral region angular velocity increased in the coronal and transverse plane (p < 0.001), with only the sagittal plane increasing on the Peanut (p < 0.001). Compared with the unstable stance, BF and MG activity was greater during stable stance (p = 0.005) and the Peanut (p = 0.001). RA activity was greater on the Peanut than during stable stance (p = 0.041), suggesting increased abdominal muscle recruitment.Challenging standing postural control with unstable platforms provides substantial and incremental increases in spinal movement and provides insights into muscle activation within progressive rehabilitation exercises.

It is well-established that hip joint laxity is the primary cause of degenerative changes in canine hip dysplasia, although some fundamental characteristics of stress radiography are still scarce, especially regarding the appropriate applied force. The objective of this study was to validate the recently published force-laxity relationship from a cadaver study and to determine the force necessary to measure a sufficient proportion of laxity present in coxofemoral joints in sedated dogs.Twenty-one dogs (10 Beagles and 11 Labrador Retrievers) underwent a radiographic protocol, including stress radiographs with increasing force, using the Vezzoni Modified Badertscher Distension-measuring Device. The Laxity Index (LI) and osteoarthritis (OA) were scored.The force-laxity curves and the maximal Laxity Index (LI_max) were not significantly influenced by OA, gender or side. Weight was significantly associated with LI_max and the force-laxity curves. Ninety per cent of hip joints achieved sufficient laxity at a force of 80.45 N, which is practically achievable and less than that in cadavers. Bias due to low LI_max in the Labrador Retriever group and the only presence of radiographic signs of mild OA in the Beagle group should be considered.This study confirmed the relation between applied force and LI, the robustness of this stress radiography technique and the use of a minimum 80.45 N of measured force to reach sufficient LI. Future studies with inclusion criteria regarding a broad LI_max range and OA scores should be conducted.

This retrospective study assessed the complications and mid-term outcomes of osteosynthesis using the String of Pearls Low Profile (SOP-LP) plate system in cats and small dogs with appendicular fractures.Clinical data from April 2018 to June 2021, involving 30 fractures in 29 cases, were reviewed. Fractures were stabilized using either the 1.5-mm or 2.0-mm SOP-LP plate. Data included patient signalment, fracture description, repair method, intraoperative complications and short-term follow-up outcomes. Midterm follow-up was performed by telephone-based veterinary questionnaires.Of the 30 fractures, 3 had complications linked to the SOP-LP system. Overall, 7/30 had complications. Major complications (n = 6) included two implant failures, one implant-associated irritation and three Kirschner wire migrations. Implant failures (n = 2) were with the 1.5-mm plates stabilizing radius/ulna fractures in dogs weighing over 2.9 kg. Short-term radiographic follow-up demonstrated clinical or radiographic union in all cases. In all cases available (n = 18) for midterm follow-up, the function was found to be full or acceptable.The SOP-LP plate can be used successfully for a wide variety of fractures in cats and small dogs; however, careful case selection is required, particularly when using the 1.5-mm plate as a single implant in patients weighing over 3 kg.

This study aimed to report the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomography results of supracutaneous locking plate (SLP) application in radial-ulnar and tibial fractures.In this clinical prospective study, cats and dogs with nonarticular radial, ulnar, and tibial fractures were managed with SLP. Surgical records, fracture healing, complications, and lameness were reviewed during scheduled rechecks. Fracture healing was assessed by clinical, radiographic, and tomographic reexaminations.All cases were reevaluated during clinical and radiological follow-up examinations for 13 weeks. Supracutaneous locking plates were used in 8 radial-ulnar and 25 tibial fractures. Closed reduction was used in 10 cases, and the minimally invasive osteosynthesis approach technique was used in 20 cases. The median fracture healing time was 50.5 days (range: 27-88). Callus area, the Hounsfield units value of callus tissue, and three-dimensional bone volume gradually increased during fracture healing (p < 0.05).Using SLPs to manage nonarticular diaphyseal radial-ulnar and tibial fractures in cats and dogs resulted in acceptable clinical outcomes. Cats and dogs tolerated SLPs well, and no complications related to structural integrity were encountered in most cases.