Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology最新文献

The purpose of this study was to compare the calculated angle of lateral opening (ALO) and open-face version obtained using an acetabular cup position assessment device (CPAD) to the known ALO and open-face version of an acetabular component. The null hypothesis was that there would be no significant differences between the ALO and open-face versions using the CPAD compared with the known values.Radiographic images simulating a sagittal plane pelvis were obtained with a BFX™ acetabular component containing a CPAD mounted on a plexiglass jig with a dual-plane inclinometer. Images were obtained at an open-face version of 0 degrees with ALO at 30, 40, 45, 50, and 60 degrees, repeated in triplicate, and were randomized. Measurements of the CPAD bars were used to calculate the open-face version, and ALO measurements were compared using a paired t-test with a p-value set at p < 0.05. Agreement was assessed with a Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient.The calculated ALO was not significantly different from the known ALO (p = 0.608) and showed near-perfect correlation of the ALO with a Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (R _c value) of 0.994. The calculated open-face version was significantly different from the known version.The results demonstrate that the CPAD is an accurate method to determine ALO in a simulated sagittal plane pelvis radiographic view.

This study aimed to determine the safety and macroscopic/microscopic effects of fluorescence biomodulation (FBM) on experimentally induced, full-thickness, distal limb wounds in horses.This was an in vivo experimental study (n = 6 horses). Two full-thickness wounds were created on both dorsal metacarpi of six adult horses. Each forelimb was randomly allocated to either control (no FBM) or treatment (FBM) and randomly allocated to visual or histological assessment of healing. Wounds were treated within each experimental group every 7 days for four treatments. Fluorescence biomodulation wounds were treated twice per treatment period. Control wounds had no FBM treatment. Wounds were visually assessed for granulation tissue grading and photographed for wound surface area calculation, on days 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31. The skin from wound creation on day 0 was used for histology baseline. The wounds were then punch-biopsied on days 10, 17, 24 and 31. Data were analysed using linear mixed model analyses.Differences between control and treatment were not observed for any time point for wound surface area (p = 0.755), composite wound scores (p = 0.593), or histological assessment (p = 0.378). One horse produced exuberant granulation tissue in all wounds requiring debridement at study completion.Fluorescence biomodulation did not improve nor impair healing in an equine experimental in vivo distal limb wound model. Treatment effects may not have been observed due to small sample size, outcome variables measured or species differences. Further studies are needed.

To report the incidence of bandage-associated complications in cats following clean orthopaedic injury.Multi-institutional retrospective case series of 152 client-owned cats. Medical records were searched for cats that had a bandage placed after a clean orthopaedic injury. Data collected included: signalment, diagnosis, anatomical region, orthopaedic procedure, professional role of the person applying the bandage (specialist/resident/nurse), bandage duration, complications, and outcomes.A total of 152 cats had bandages placed after clean orthopaedic injuries. Complications were reported in 104 cats (68.4%). Bandage-related complications were mild in 64.4% cases, moderate in 32.7% cases, and severe 2.9% of cases. If a cat had a splint placed, it was 3.4 times more likely to have a more severe complication compared with a cat which did not require a splint.Bandage complications occur frequently in cats, and the use of splints was a significant predictor of increased complication severity. Clinicians should be particularly vigilant when bandaging limbs in cats, as complications secondary to bandaging occur frequently. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate case selection for bandage application and monitoring strategies to minimize the risk of complications.

This study integrated a locking plate system into three-dimensional (3D)-printed implants and evaluated whether directly 3D-printed locking plate holes could achieve mechanical performance comparable to their machined counterpart. In vitro mechanical tests were performed to compare a 3D-printed 3.5-mm locking plate system with a commercially available variable-angle locking system (ARIX). Locking plate specimens (n = 90) were 3D printed from Ti6Al4V in three build orientations (0, 45 and 90 degrees). A torque limit test assessed the failure points under three screw insertion torques (0.6, 1.1 and 2.0 Nm) at two angles (0 and 15 degrees). The locked screw-and-plate constructs then underwent push-out testing, with a load applied parallel to the screw axis.At 2.0 Nm, all 3D-printed specimens failed due to thread deformation, whereas the ARIX system remained intact. Specimens printed at 0-degree orientation had the highest push-out strength, comparable to ARIX plates, while those printed at 90 degrees showed significantly lower strength. A higher insertion torque (1.1 Nm) improved the push-out strength regardless of screw angulation. Low torque with angled screws led to a substantial reduction in push-out strength.The directly 3D-printed locking plate system achieved a comparable mechanical performance to machined counterparts when printed at 0-degree orientation, with appropriate torque. Optimal build orientation and careful control of insertion torque are crucial for maximizing the performance of 3D-printed locking plates.

Our study aims to describe the surgical technique for temporary transarticular immobilization of the stifle joint using a locking plate and evaluate complications and outcomes.The medical records of dogs and cats that underwent transarticular immobilization of the stifle joint using a locking plate in two institutions from August 2018 to January 2024 were retrospectively evaluated.After managing the primary injury, a locking plate was contoured to fit the medial surface of the distal femur and proximal tibia, limiting the implant to the distal third of the femur and proximal third of the tibia, with immobilization at a 135 to 145-degree angle.Temporary transarticular immobilization of the stifle joint was performed in 16 stifle joints in 14 patients, with two dogs undergoing bilateral surgery. The transarticular implants were removed at a mean time of 55,86 ± 18,05 days postoperatively (median: 58, range: 27-96 days). No intraoperative complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded in a Galgo Espanol with a patellar fracture and patellar ligament lesion in which plate breakage was recorded 19 days after surgery, requiring early plate removal and application of an orthosis for 3 weeks. Four minor complications were recorded.Preliminary results suggest that a transarticular locking plate is effective for temporary stifle immobilization, with a low morbidity and complication rate. Dedicated implants should be developed to decrease the risk of plate failure.

This study aimed to determine if canine total ankle replacement (cTAR) can be performed using a lateral surgical approach by comparing implant orientation, limb orientation and tarsocrural stability after implantation using a lateral or medial approach.Ten cadaveric limbs from five large-breed dogs were implanted with a cTAR prosthesis using a medial or a lateral approach. Caudocranial and mediolateral radiographs were obtained. Joint orientation, limb orientation, angular tarsocrural stability (varus and valgus laxity) and rotational tarsocrural stability (internal and external rotational laxity) were measured before and after implantation and compared. Polar gaps around cTAR components were measured.Before implantation, mean valgus laxity was 1.8 degrees larger in limbs which were implanted with a cTAR prosthesis using a lateral approach than in limbs implanted using a medial approach. After a lateral approach, mean valgus laxity was 4.4 degrees larger (7.2 degrees) than before (2.8 degrees), and mean external rotational laxity was 5.4 degrees larger (10.7 degrees) than before (5.3 degrees). After a medial approach, mean external rotational laxity was 6.7 degrees larger (11.6 degrees) than before (4.9 degrees). The mean angular laxity was 6.0 degrees larger after a lateral approach (15.5 degrees) than a medial approach (9.5 degrees). Significant differences among other measurements collected after a lateral or medial approach were not identified.A cTAR prosthesis can be implanted using a lateral approach and result in a properly oriented tarsocrural joint that is rotationally stable and has slight angular laxity.

Two adult female Beagle dogs, one case each of hereditary Factor VII deficiency and Factor IX deficiency, were evaluated post-mortem for joint pathology associated with haemophilic arthropathy (HA) using magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Cadaveric magnetic resonance imaging and histologic findings demonstrated severe HA for the Factor IX deficiency dog, with only mild abnormalities for the Factor VII deficiency dog. Signs of HA were similar to humans, including cartilage degeneration, subchondral cysts, peripheral erosions, neovascularization, synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, hemosiderin deposition, haematoma and osteoporosis. Magnetic resonance imaging examination can be used to help identify features of HA in dogs that have experienced repeated joint bleeds.

This study aimed to compare gap formation between a classical transcalcaneal bone tunnel and a bioabsorbable suture anchor in a feline Achilles tendon avulsion model.Gastrocnemius tendons were dissected from the calcaneus of seven pairs of feline gastrocnemius tendon-calcaneus specimens. Reinsertion was performed either through a transverse bone tunnel or with a bioabsorbable suture anchor with a metric 3 non-absorbable monofilament polypropylene-polyethylene suture in a Bunnell-Mayer pattern. Tensile tests were conducted under physiological loading conditions. Gap formation was tracked with a video camera, and force on the tendon was measured. Results were compared with t-tests.Mean load at a gap of 0.5 mm was significantly higher for the suture anchor (44.2 ± 5.5 N) compared with the bone tunnel (23.0 ± 15.4 N). A 3-mm gap was not reached with the suture anchor. Failure loads were dominated by suture breakage and were not significantly different between suture anchor (55.2 ± 8.0 N) and bone tunnel (65.1 ± 8.3 N). Pulling through the tendon substance did not occur.The suture anchor resisted gap formation more effectively than the bone tunnel and can be considered advantageous for gastrocnemius tendon reinsertion in cats.

(1) To describe and compare the morphometric changes of the tibia following four virtual proximal tibial osteotomies for treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament deficiency and (2) to determine how these changes are affected by the initial tibial plateau angle (TPA).A total of 30 mediolateral radiographic views of canine stifle were selected. A dedicated radiographic digital planning software was used to virtually perform four osteotomy techniques for each case: tibia plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO), cranial closing wedge osteotomy (CCWO), modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy (mCCWO), and centre of rotation of angulation-based levelling osteotomy (CBLO). Changes in tibial length, anatomical-mechanical axis angle (AMA angle), proximal tibial angulation, and patellar ligament insertion point were measured and compared.All the parameters evaluated were significantly affected by the osteotomy technique and the initial TPA. Mean ± SD of tibial length pre-simulation was 174.2 ± 23.6 mm, and the largest significant reduction was observed after mCCWO (169.6 ± 23.3 mm) (P < 0.001). Mean ± SD of AMA angle pre-simulation was 3.1 ± 1.4 degrees and a significant reduction was observed after CCWO (1.1 ± 0.16 degrees) (P = 0.0782), but there was no significant difference among treatments. Mean ± SD of the distal tibia axis/proximal tibial axis (DTA/PTA) angle pre-simulation was 4.5 ± 2.8 degrees, and the biggest significant reduction was seen with CBLO (-10.94 ± 0.65) (P < 0.0001). The cranial and distal shift of the patellar ligament insertion point was significant after CCWO (P = 0.0004, P < 0.0001 respectively), mCCWO (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001 respectively), and CBLO (P = 0.03, P = 0.0006 respectively) osteotomy techniques.Proximal tibial osteotomy techniques cause morphometric changes of the tibia, and a steeper TPA exacerbates these changes. TPLO caused the fewest morphometric changes. Further investigations are warranted to understand the clinical implications on the biomechanics of the stifle.

Rabbits with end-stage kidney failure often develop hypercalcaemia and osteosclerosis. Secondary renal hyperparathyroidism and fibrous osteodystrophy can be experimentally induced in rabbits through nephrectomy and a low-calcium:high-phosphorus diet, but clinical case reports are rare. A thin, mixed-breed, neutered male rescue rabbit was brought to a veterinary clinic due to lameness of the right hind limb and gait difficulties. Radiographs showed severe osteodystrophy. Additionally, there was a displaced, ununited simple fracture in the right mid-femur and a healed simple fracture in the right mid-tibia. Dentition was normal. The rabbit was euthanized. Blood tests revealed mildly elevated urea (12.3 mmol/mL), glucose (10.6 mmol/L), and alkaline phosphatase (179 mmol/L). High levels of serum parathyroid hormone (281.1 pg/mL) and a 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration of 11.2 ng/mL were also noted. Creatinine was 105 µmol/L and inorganic phosphate was 1.53 mmol/L. Bone density in the mid-tibia was very low (934.6 mg/cm³). Tests for Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies were negative. Post-mortem examination showed severe chronic renal interstitial fibrosis and severe bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia. This case report highlights the novel finding that secondary renal hyperparathyroidism and fibrous osteodystrophy, accompanied by pathological fractures, can manifest as sequelae of end-stage renal disease in rabbits. This revelation is clinically significant and should be carefully considered by veterinarians when managing older rabbits presenting with fractures.