Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology最新文献

The Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs (LOAD) is a widely used observer-reported outcome measure questionnaire for assessing pain in dogs with osteoarthritis. This study aimed to linguistically validate and culturally adapt the LOAD for German- and Spanish-speaking populations.The process followed the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy translation methodology and involved two forward translations, a reconciliation of the forward translation, back translations, expert reviews, and cognitive debriefing interviews with a representative sample of dog carers. A universal approach was adopted to generate Universal German and Universal Spanish versions of the LOAD suitable for use in all German- and Spanish-speaking countries.The two forward translations and the reconciliation phase showed 12 and 6 discrepancies for the German and Spanish LOAD, respectively. Comparing the backward translation with the original version identified 13 items or instructions in the German LOAD and 20 in the Spanish LOAD that required retranslation. The review panel resolved both conceptual and literal discrepancies, while input from cognitive interview participants contributed to 6 additional revisions for the Universal German version and 15 for the Universal Spanish versions of the LOAD.This stepwise approach resulted in linguistically validated and culturally adapted universal versions of the LOAD for the German- and Spanish-speaking populations.

To characterize central tarsal bone fractures and associated tarsal fractures in a cohort of racing and ex-racing greyhounds using computed tomography (CT).Retrospective observational study including 66 client-owned greyhounds (67 limbs) presented for central tarsal bone fracture between 2017 and 2024. Collected data included signalment, racing history, and laterality of tarsal injury. Central tarsal bone fractures were characterized using a previously described grading system, and concomitant tarsal injuries were recorded.Of 67 central tarsal bone fractures, 59 showed moderate to severe comminution. Six fractures were dorsal slab fractures, one was a combined dorsal and medial slab fracture, and one was a luxation. Consistent with the findings of prior studies, the majority of central tarsal bone fractures affected the right limb (58/67 limbs). The most common concomitant tarsal injuries were fractures of the fourth tarsal bone (30/67 limbs), fractures of the calcaneus (25/67 limbs), and proximal intertarsal instability or luxation (6/67 limbs).CT reveals a substantially higher number of highly comminuted fractures than have been reported in prior studies that characterized central tarsal bone fractures using orthogonal radiography. Concurrent injury to other tarsal structures is a common finding and is an accurate predictor of severe comminution of the central tarsal bone.

The aim of this study was to report an intraoperative complication that has been noted during the surgical application of transcondylar screws (TCS). Although a recent study has shown medial epicondylar fissure fractures during medial to lateral TCS application in dogs treated for humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF), our study pertains to lateral epicondylar fissure fractures occurring during surgery for HIF, lateral condylar fractures and intracondylar Y fractures.Retrospective, multicentre case series, including seven client-owned dogs. Data collection included signalment, imaging findings, surgical method and implants used for the repair, postoperative complications and outcome at 6 to 8 weeks of follow-up.Two dogs were treated for bilateral HIF, one for unilateral HIF, two for lateral condylar fractures and two for intracondylar Y fractures. Intervention after diagnosing the intraoperative lateral fissure fracture included adding a washer and a transcondylar Kirschner wire or an adjunctive TCS. One dog was euthanatized due to financial constraints following implant failure 2 weeks after lateral condylar fracture repair. Six dogs had a good outcome with return to function.Humeral epicondylar fissure fractures can occur in the lateral epicondyle during TCS placement in dogs treated for HIF, lateral condylar fractures and intracondylar Y fractures.

This study aimed to determine the safety and macroscopic/microscopic effects of fluorescence biomodulation (FBM) on experimentally induced, full-thickness, distal limb wounds in horses.This was an in vivo experimental study (n = 6 horses). Two full-thickness wounds were created on both dorsal metacarpi of six adult horses. Each forelimb was randomly allocated to either control (no FBM) or treatment (FBM) and randomly allocated to visual or histological assessment of healing. Wounds were treated within each experimental group every 7 days for four treatments. Fluorescence biomodulation wounds were treated twice per treatment period. Control wounds had no FBM treatment. Wounds were visually assessed for granulation tissue grading and photographed for wound surface area calculation, on days 3, 10, 17, 24 and 31. The skin from wound creation on day 0 was used for histology baseline. The wounds were then punch-biopsied on days 10, 17, 24 and 31. Data were analysed using linear mixed model analyses.Differences between control and treatment were not observed for any time point for wound surface area (p = 0.755), composite wound scores (p = 0.593), or histological assessment (p = 0.378). One horse produced exuberant granulation tissue in all wounds requiring debridement at study completion.Fluorescence biomodulation did not improve nor impair healing in an equine experimental in vivo distal limb wound model. Treatment effects may not have been observed due to small sample size, outcome variables measured or species differences. Further studies are needed.

This study aims to report the findings of the clinical examination, gait analysis, radiographs and ultrasonographic examination of the gastrocnemius tendon of origin in sound Border Collies. This study also aims to determine if this tendinopathy could be present in isolated individuals without signs of an overt lameness.A cohort of Border Collies, active participating in agility without a history of rear limb lameness were included in the study. A standardized general orthopaedic examination was performed in each dog with special attention given to the gastrocnemius muscle and its tendon of origin. An additional gait analysis was performed for further information about loading of each limb. Mediolateral radiographs of both stifle joints were taken to assess joint health and an ultrasound was performed to evaluate the origin of the gastrocnemius tendon.34 Border Collies were included in the study. Eighteen dogs had abnormal findings during clinical examination of the of the origin of the gastrocnemius tendon. All of these dogs also had abnormal findings on ultrasound, with six of them also having mineralization surrounding the fabellae on radiographs. Only four dogs had normal clinical, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings.This study supports our clinical impression that tendinopathy of the gastrocnemius muscle is likely an underestimated disorder in Border Collies that actively participate in agility.

This study aimed to investigate the influence of cup positioning accuracy of two different cup impactors handled by two surgeons with different levels of total hip replacement surgery experience.This was a cadaveric study (n = 20). A standard and a new prototype Kyon impactor were used by two surgeons (beginner and senior) to impact 80 prosthetic cups in 40 canine normal acetabula. The angle of lateral opening, angle of cup retroversion, and their corresponding deviations from the ideal postoperative values were measured using radiographic imaging to evaluate the accuracy of cup positioning.The accuracy of cup positioning was not affected by the type of impactor used by the senior surgeon. For the beginner surgeon, the standard impactor was associated with a significantly higher mean error (3.9 ± 6.5 degrees) and mean value (48.90 ± 6.5 degrees) for the angle of lateral opening compared with the prototype impactor that showed a lower mean error (-1.8 ± 6.3 degrees) and mean values (43.20 ± 6.34 degrees) closer to the ideal value of 45 degrees. No significant differences were found between the standard impactor and the prototype regarding the accuracy of the angle of cup retroversion.The new features of the prototype impactor and its improved handling can assist inexperienced surgeons in achieving a more accurate angle of lateral opening compared with the standard impactor. In contrast, the accuracy of the cup retroversion angle appears to be more closely related to the surgeon's experience rather than the type of impactor used.

To report the incidence of bandage-associated complications in cats following clean orthopaedic injury.Multi-institutional retrospective case series of 152 client-owned cats. Medical records were searched for cats that had a bandage placed after a clean orthopaedic injury. Data collected included: signalment, diagnosis, anatomical region, orthopaedic procedure, professional role of the person applying the bandage (specialist/resident/nurse), bandage duration, complications, and outcomes.A total of 152 cats had bandages placed after clean orthopaedic injuries. Complications were reported in 104 cats (68.4%). Bandage-related complications were mild in 64.4% cases, moderate in 32.7% cases, and severe 2.9% of cases. If a cat had a splint placed, it was 3.4 times more likely to have a more severe complication compared with a cat which did not require a splint.Bandage complications occur frequently in cats, and the use of splints was a significant predictor of increased complication severity. Clinicians should be particularly vigilant when bandaging limbs in cats, as complications secondary to bandaging occur frequently. These findings underscore the importance of appropriate case selection for bandage application and monitoring strategies to minimize the risk of complications.

This study aimed to determine if canine total ankle replacement (cTAR) can be performed using a lateral surgical approach by comparing implant orientation, limb orientation and tarsocrural stability after implantation using a lateral or medial approach.Ten cadaveric limbs from five large-breed dogs were implanted with a cTAR prosthesis using a medial or a lateral approach. Caudocranial and mediolateral radiographs were obtained. Joint orientation, limb orientation, angular tarsocrural stability (varus and valgus laxity) and rotational tarsocrural stability (internal and external rotational laxity) were measured before and after implantation and compared. Polar gaps around cTAR components were measured.Before implantation, mean valgus laxity was 1.8 degrees larger in limbs which were implanted with a cTAR prosthesis using a lateral approach than in limbs implanted using a medial approach. After a lateral approach, mean valgus laxity was 4.4 degrees larger (7.2 degrees) than before (2.8 degrees), and mean external rotational laxity was 5.4 degrees larger (10.7 degrees) than before (5.3 degrees). After a medial approach, mean external rotational laxity was 6.7 degrees larger (11.6 degrees) than before (4.9 degrees). The mean angular laxity was 6.0 degrees larger after a lateral approach (15.5 degrees) than a medial approach (9.5 degrees). Significant differences among other measurements collected after a lateral or medial approach were not identified.A cTAR prosthesis can be implanted using a lateral approach and result in a properly oriented tarsocrural joint that is rotationally stable and has slight angular laxity.

Two adult female Beagle dogs, one case each of hereditary Factor VII deficiency and Factor IX deficiency, were evaluated post-mortem for joint pathology associated with haemophilic arthropathy (HA) using magnetic resonance imaging and histology. Cadaveric magnetic resonance imaging and histologic findings demonstrated severe HA for the Factor IX deficiency dog, with only mild abnormalities for the Factor VII deficiency dog. Signs of HA were similar to humans, including cartilage degeneration, subchondral cysts, peripheral erosions, neovascularization, synovial inflammation and hyperplasia, hemosiderin deposition, haematoma and osteoporosis. Magnetic resonance imaging examination can be used to help identify features of HA in dogs that have experienced repeated joint bleeds.

This study aimed to compare the stress distribution in proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis with locking compression plate in horses based on the type and method of screw implantation in the proximal hole and partial or total removal of implants after fusion.Finite element analysis.Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis was simulated using a 3-hole, 4.5-mm narrow locking compression plate combined with two 5.5-mm transarticular screws. Models were created according to the type (cortex or locking) and method of implantation (uni- or bicortical) of the screw in the proximal hole of the locking compression plate. Four conditions were simulated: Immediate postoperative, ankylosis, ankylosis with partial removal (transarticular screws remaining) and ankylosis with no implants. An axial load of 8,700 N was applied, and the major principal stresses in the bones and von Mises stress in the implants were evaluated.Cortical screws in the proximal hole better distributed the stresses, reducing their concentration along the diaphysis of the proximal phalanx in the postoperative condition. Stress distribution did not differ between partial and total implant removal. High stresses were observed in the implants, especially when locking screws were used, with a reduction observed after ankylosis simulation.A cortex screw in the proximal hole reduces stress concentration in the proximal phalanx. Retaining the transarticular screws after ankylosis did not alter the stress pattern in the bone.